Udemy Inc

NASDAQ:UDMY

Hello, and welcome to the Udemy Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]I would now like to hand the call to Dennis Walsh, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, MJ. Joining me today are Udemy's Chief Executive Officer, Greg Brown; and Chief Financial Officer, Sarah Blanchard. During this conference call, we will make forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. These statements involve assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed or anticipated. For a complete discussion of risks associated with these forward-looking statements, we encourage you to refer to our most recent Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.Our forward-looking statements are based upon information currently available to us. We caution you to not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and we do not undertake or expressly disclaim any duty or obligation to update or alter our forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable law.In addition, during this call, certain financial performance measures may be discussed that differ from comparable measures contained in our financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles referred to by the Securities and Exchange Commission as non-GAAP financial measures. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures support management and investors in evaluating our performance and comparing period-to-period results of operations in a more meaningful and consistent manner as discussed in greater detail in the supplemental schedules into our financial earnings release.A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP financial measures is included in our earnings press release. These reconciliations together with additional supplemental information are available on the Investor Relations section of our website. A replay of today's call will also be posted on the website.With that, I will now turn the call over to Greg.

Thank you, Dennis, and good afternoon to everyone on the call. I'll start today with comments on our results, highlight some achievements from 2023, and then provide an update on our strategic priorities for 2024.Udemy closed out 2023 with strong results that exceeded expectations for both revenue and adjusted EBITDA margin. Despite the challenging macroeconomic environment, Udemy increased full year revenue by 16% year-over-year. Within that, our leading growth engine, Udemy Business delivered impressive 34% year-over-year revenue growth as companies around the world are prioritizing investment in the upskilling and reskilling of their talent.From a profitability perspective, we delivered our first full year of positive adjusted EBITDA, well ahead of plan. As a company, we made meaningful progress in 2023. I stepped into the CEO role last February and we further bolstered our leadership team with new Chief Marketing, People and Product Officers, who all bring deep experience within their respective functions to Udemy.On our Q4 call last year, we laid out our strategic priorities for investors and other stakeholders. I'm proud to say that we delivered on each of those priorities, which include it.First, establish Udemy as the platform of choice for professional learners and increasing skills development through new learning modalities. Last year, we significantly grew our learner base, adding 10 million new learners to our platform and more than 1,800 net new Udemy Business customers.We leveraged generative AI technology to create more personalized learning experiences, including capabilities that enable micro learning. We empowered our instructor partners with tools that help create high-quality, on-demand and immersive content faster and more efficiently. Further, we shared our generative AI product road map that will transform how professionals develop skills. Organizations recruit and manage talent and instructors create content.Second, introduced validation of Skills acquisition through Badging and Professional Certification. We partnered with 1Edtech to bring the open badges standard to our platform. We introduced curated learning paths and on labs assessments to support Udemy Business learners preparation for nearly 200 branded third-party certifications and badges. We also enabled learners to import those badges and certifications onto our platform to signal skills proficiency and to empower organizations with valuable data about their workforces capabilities. Later this year, we will be extending our professional Badging and Certification capabilities to our consumer marketplace.Third, accelerate global expansion. We leaned into our partner strategy, further developing our relationships with AWS, Benesse and other technology and regional reseller partners that extend our reach domestically and internationally.To further our commitment to upskilling and reskilling, Udemy also entered into new partnerships with Docker, a leading provider of development tools and ServiceNow, a leading digital workflow company.And finally, increased company-wide operational efficiency and progress toward profitability. Thanks to our disciplined approach to driving efficiencies throughout the organization, we delivered positive adjusted EBITDA for the full year ahead of plan.Building on that momentum, we entered 2024 well positioned to capitalize on a large and growing opportunity. AI is changing the way the world works and is expected to have a $4 trillion impact on organizations. This unprecedented transformation driven by rapidly evolving technology is expected to affect nearly every professional role in every industry and region. This represents a massive long-term opportunity for Udemy since skills are at the heart of this revolution.More than ever, employers are recognizing the importance of prioritizing proficiency and specific skills rather than solely looking at traditional degrees and job histories. A recent study found that more than 90% of companies believe skills-based hiring is more effective than traditional resume-based approaches, leading to a reduction in mishires by nearly 90%. This shift to skills-based practices is becoming increasingly necessary to support workforce retention, facilitate internal mobility, and enhance workplace diversity.In addition, corporate leaders around the world are concerned about a pending talent shortage. A new study found that by 2030, less than 6 years from now, there will be a global talent shortage of more than 85 million people. This could significantly restrain companies' growth, resulting in trillions of dollars of unrealized annual revenues.In the technology space alone, the U.S. could lose out on more than an estimated $160 billion worth of revenues annually unless more adequately skilled high-tech workers are found. As the business landscape further evolves, so do the skills required, as demonstrated by the powerful impact of generative AI in just 1 year.In this current environment, developing workforce skills, especially AI proficiency, is essential for organizations to remain competitive over the long term. The #1 topic we're discussing with leaders in almost every company is how Udemy can help them develop a digital transformation strategy.As an example, Genpact, a leading global professional services company committed to leveraging data, tech, and AI services, recently expanded their relationship with Udemy. Genpact collaborated with Udemy to develop its GenAI Talent Academy, a comprehensive 12-week program focused on developing AI skills.With the introduction of this innovative learning program, Genpact not only achieved its goal of upskilling its specialized workforce in generative AI, but it also emerged as one of the pioneering entities in the industry. Genpact achieved this goal 2x faster than expected, equipping their team with the essential readiness to address escalating client demands.Another example is Marriott International, which expanded their relationship with Udemy this quarter as they are in the midst of a similar transformation. Marriott will leverage the Udemy learning platform, including our Udemy Pro offering and local language collections, as they further invest in growing their global digital and technology workforce.Forward-thinking companies like Genpact and Marriott recognize the importance and value of investing in employee upskilling and reskilling. Those that don't risk falling behind. We believe skills-based organizations with robust internal L&D programs see increased employee retention and also achieve better business outcomes. It's for these reasons that many companies today are redefining jobs as collections of required skills, considering each role's evolution over the long-term.During the fourth quarter, one of the largest financial institutions in the world, engaged Udemy to provide a comprehensive learning solution that supports their goal of upskilling across the organization. This new customer entered into a 7-figure multi-year, multi-product deal partnering with our team to accelerate the development of cloud and other technology skills with high-quality and immersive learning experiences.We continue to see a trend of financial institutions becoming early adopters of AI technology, thus driving meaningful demand from that sector. Another new customer that engaged Udemy during Q4 to support their L&D efforts as Airbus, a global aerospace and defense company. As Airbus is shifting focus towards becoming a technology company, reskilling and upskilling existing employees is fundamental.Udemy was selected as their partner due to our agile content model that aligns with their shift towards becoming a skills-based organization with emphasis on digital badges and professional certifications. An initial focus is on digital profiles via the Airbus Digital Academy, a central hub for all data and tech content, where Udemy provides the skills development that helps their employees keep up with the accelerated pace of technology change. Taking all of that into account truly illustrates the importance of creating a culture of continuous learning as central to the future of work.Traditional L&D models, which were primarily in-person, as well as publisher models can't keep pace with today's ever-evolving skills needs. With our on-demand, immersive and cohort-based learning modalities, Udemy is well-positioned to become the exclusive partner to support any company's transition through a skills-based organization.Looking ahead, we are refreshing our strategic priorities for 2024, which include: first, establish Udemy as a skills development platform of choice for professional learners and organizations.Second, elevate the Udemy brand globally so that it becomes synonymous with skills. Third, support Udemy Business growth through strategic partnerships, strengthening our global distribution capabilities, opening up new routes to market, and additional ways to access the Udemy platform.Fourth, accelerate global expansion. And finally, further transform the Udemy platform from an on-demand learning content provider to the most innovative skills development platform, utilizing AI-powered capabilities to accelerate skills acquisition and validation.We're already off to a great start delivering on those priorities. 2 weeks ago, we unveiled our near-term generative AI product roadmap and the Udemy Intelligent Skills platform, a next-generation software solution powered by a rich content model. Udemy's comprehensive platform is set to redefine the L&D software landscape by incorporating a suite of cutting-edge AI-powered capabilities, including a learning assistant, skills mapping and several new content creation enhancements for instructors.At the same time, Udemy's platform will serve as a rich repository of learning data and actionable insights, enabling Udemy Business customers to make informed talent management decisions regarding internal mobility and recruitment strategies.Ultimately, Udemy's platform will revolutionize the way organizations future-proof their workforce by fast-tracking the acquisition and validation of critical professional skills required to more efficiently develop talent and thrive over the long-term. We are excited about the prospects of our product roadmap and are committed to continuing our journey of innovation and transformation.All of this progress sets the stage for 2024. Although, the demand environment hasn't changed meaningfully since our last call in November, we are confident in our ability to grow our business and continue capturing market share. We believe the investments we're making in brand, product, and our go-to-market capabilities will support our long-term performance, giving us confidence that we will reaccelerate ARR growth this year. Sarah will provide more details on our outlook in a moment.One final point before I close. In conjunction with today's results announcement, we also shared that our Board of Directors has approved a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $100 million of the company's outstanding common stock. This repurchase program not only underscores the confidence that our Board and management team have in the future of Udemy, but it also allows us to leverage the strength of our balance sheet and deliver returns back to shareholders.In closing, we remain focused on executing our strategy as we help enterprises around the world transition to skills-based organizations. I want to thank all Udemy's employees for their hard work and contributions to the results we delivered in 2023, as well as to our valued instructors, customers, partners and shareholders for your continued support.Now, I'll turn the call over to Sarah for a financial review.

Thank you, Greg. I'll start with comments on the key financial highlights and then provide our outlook for Q1 and full year 2024. You can find the complete set of financial tables in our news release, which is available on our Investor Relations website.We outperformed our full year 2023 guidance for both revenue and adjusted EBITDA margin. Revenue of $729 million increased 16% year-over-year, including the negative impact from foreign exchange, or FX of 3 percentage points, while we delivered our first full year of positive adjusted EBITDA ahead of plan. We could not be more proud of our team for their hard work over the past year to deliver these results in a challenging environment.I will focus the rest of my comments on the fourth quarter results. For the fourth consecutive quarter, our results exceeded guidance on both the top and bottom line. Revenue increased 15% year-over-year to $190 million, or nearly $3 million above the high end of our guidance range. The year-over-year growth included a negative impact from FX of 1 percentage point.The contribution from regions outside of North America was 60% of total revenue, an increase from 59% in Q4 of the prior year. Similar to previous quarters, our enterprise business continues to deliver best-in-class software company performance. Udemy Business revenue increased 27% year-over-year to $115 million, included in that growth was a 2 percentage point headwind from changes in FX rates.We ended the year with annual recurring revenue, or ARR, of $466 million, up 25% from a year ago. From a macro perspective, the current environment remains volatile and sales cycles remain elongated, contributing to slower-than-expected conversions across most regions. While we are generally pleased with Q4 ARR, we did have softer-than-expected performance in Vietnam and South Korea, where we have reseller partnerships and saw continued weakness in the EMEA region.Encouragingly, we are seeing higher quality leads coming through the pipeline and deal size and term lengths are up with a number of $100,000-plus deals and multi-year contracts in ARR showing meaningful year-over-year growth. As of the end of 2023, we saw an 80% year-over-year increase in 7-figure deals in ARR, a testament to the value of large corporations are assigning to L&D investments globally.Our consolidated net dollar retention rate at year-end was 106%, flat compared to the prior quarter. The rate was 113% for large customers, or those with 1,000 or more employees, just 1 point lower than the prior quarter. It is encouraging to see net dollar retention showing signs of stabilization as we enter a New Year.On top of that, gross salary retention was unchanged once again. In aggregate, we grew our customer base by 13% year-over-year to nearly 16,000 customers globally. Our consumer marketplace continues to be vibrant. Approximately 34 million average monthly unique visitors came to our site during the quarter, and instructor engagement remains strong. More than 5,000 new courses were added each month on average and 60% of our top courses were updated in the past 90 days. For the quarter, consumer revenue was flat on a year-over-year basis, and the impact from FX was not meaningful.As we move down the P&L, note that all financial metrics are non-GAAP unless stated otherwise. Q4 gross margin was 59%, a 200 basis point improvement from Q4 2022, driven by the continued revenue mix shift to Udemy Business, which accounted for 61% of total revenue in Q4 and an increase of 600 basis points year-over-year. Gross margin for our Udemy Business segment came in at 69% for the fourth quarter, up 200 basis points from the prior year.Total operating expense was $114 million, or 60% of revenue, and 1,200 basis points lower than Q4 of last year, thanks to our focus on company-wide cost efficiency. Sales and marketing expense represented 40% of revenue, down 700 basis points. R&D expense was 12%, down 200 basis points. And G&A expense was 8%, down 300 basis points.On the bottom line, we delivered net income of approximately $4 million, or 2% of revenue. Adjusted EBITDA was positive for the third consecutive quarter at approximately $4 million or 2% of revenue, representing a 1,400 basis point expansion year-over-year and 100 basis points above the high end of our guidance range. The better-than-expected adjusted EBITDA result was primarily driven by revenue outperformance and our disciplined approach to ensuring operational efficiency throughout the organization.Moving on to key cash flow and balance sheet items. We ended the quarter with $481 million of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities. Free cash flow for the quarter was negative $11 million, driven by timing related to bookings and collections.Now to introduce our outlook for Q1 and full year 2024. We are cautiously optimistic about 2024, given the lingering on certain macroeconomic conditions. While the environment is beginning to show early signs of stabilization, our approach is unchanged. We are monitoring the environment closely and are taking prudent steps to position ourselves to move fast once green shoots start to materialize.On our last call, we showed that 2024 will be a heavier investment year than future periods. We have aligned our strategy as well as our investments in product innovation, brand and go-to-market to capture the increasing global demand for skills development.For modeling purposes, we anticipate that OpEx as a percent of revenue will be greater in the first half of the year. We expect our strategic investments in brand and product to begin delivering returns in the back half of the year, which we are confident will result in reacceleration of ARR growth, followed by Udemy Business revenue growth.With that, we expect Q1 revenue to be between $193 million and $196 million. Assuming foreign currency exchange rates remain constant, FX is not expected to meaningfully impact Q1 revenue growth. On the bottom line, we are targeting breakeven for Q1 adjusted EBITDA margin.For the full year, we expect revenue to be within a range of $795 million and $810 million or 10% year-over-year growth at the midpoint, including an estimated 3 percentage point negative impact from FX, assuming no further changes in rates.Further, we expect Udemy Business revenue will account for more than 60% of total revenue for the full year. On the consumer side, we remain focused on maintaining a vibrant marketplace in 2024, which will continue to fuel the flywheel that powers Udemy Businesses growth.As a reminder, we are not currently investing behind consumer revenue growth. Therefore, we anticipate it to be down 3% to 5% year-over-year in Q1 and on a full year basis. On the bottom line, we expect full year adjusted EBITDA margin of 150 to 200 basis points.Going forward, we will continue executing on our strategic initiatives as we progress toward our long-term financial targets. Although, it will be a straight line, we are confident that we will achieve our adjusted EBITDA margin target of 15% to 20% by 2027, driven by the revenue share change, continued revenue mix shift to Udemy Business and OpEx leverage, primarily from sales and marketing as we scale globally.We plan to make significant investments in brand and product innovation, while also focusing on expanding operating and free cash flow margins. With the introduction of our share repurchase program, we can opportunistically return capital to our shareholders throughout the year. As we execute on our long-term initiatives and as the macroeconomic environment improves, we are well positioned to create significant shareholder value.In closing, 2023 was a transformative year for us, and we are proud of the milestones we achieved. Our outlook for 2024 does reflect challenges we experienced in Q4 that flow into the first half of this year. However, the long-term growth opportunities in this space are significant.Udemy provides a comprehensive solution that addresses increasing demand to support companies as they transition to becoming skills-based organizations and develop strategies around generative AI. With all of that in mind, we are as excited as ever about the future and look forward to keeping you updated on our progress.So with that, we'll open up the call for your questions. Moderator?

[Operator Instructions] Today's first question comes from Stephen Sheldon with William Blair.

First here, just on the revenue guidance. It'd be great to get some color on the growth assumptions you've made between consumer and Udemy Business? And then just generally, I guess, the high level, how you factored in broader macro trends in your guidance. It seems like you maybe have taken a conservative approach there. But are you kind of assuming that the budgetary pressure from organizations continues throughout the year on the business side? Just a little bit of detail there.

Yes. Thanks for the question, Stephen. So first, we're very pleased with the quarter, delivering UB revenue up 27% year-over-year and $1 million plus customers up 80%. And our full year EBITDA profitable ahead of schedule, but our guidance really took into consideration a few things. One is, there is still this macroeconomic volatility, and we expect that to continue for some period of time. And as we spoke about, we did see some execution issues in the second half of Q4. And specifically, that was with some of our reseller partners in Korea and Vietnam. And we saw extended software performance in EMEA.On the consumer side of things, the focus for us has been marketplace vibrancy, and we are seeing an increase in customer acquisition cost, while at the same time, our ASPs are up. But putting those 2 things together, along with the pullback that we've had over the past 2 years in performance marketing spend, our focus really is on continuing to see a 5,000 courses a month being published and that constant stream of high-quality fresh broad content. We are not going to be reinvesting behind consumer until we're reporting some of the UB capabilities for our learners over to our consumer side of things.What we're looking at for the year is we are in the process of taking some actions to address, the performance and execution issues we saw in the back half of Q4. And so we've set prudent expectations for the first half because those initiatives will take some time to take hold. But we do expect ARR growth, while it will be down a bit in the first half to then accelerate in the back half.

Got it. And is there any way to feel like for Korea and Vietnam, I guess, is there any way to frame roughly how big those countries are in terms of the contribution to ARR?

Stephen, good question. So I won't get into the specific numbers or economics around it, but we did get surprised and material enough for us to call it out to you. And the actions we're taking is we're putting GMs in the process. We've already got one of these hired in both countries in Korea and Vietnam to bolster leadership as well as ensuring that from an enablement perspective, we're taking all the knowledge and best practice we've learned on a global basis and then specifically in Japan, where we've seen continued growth in acceleration and porting that over to Korea and Vietnam, and that leadership is going to help with that.So those are the actions we've taken. And Sarah also mentioned, it wasn't just exclusive to Vietnam and Korea. We did see execution issues in other segments, and we're taking similar actions in those areas. So the net of it is, we're confident that we know what we need to do to address the execution issues. The plans are in flight. And as Sarah mentioned, we are confident that we will see acceleration in ARR growth in the back half of the year.

Got it. That's helpful. And just maybe then switching to the margin guidance. You're not assuming much expansion relative to where you ended up in 2023, even with the upward trend in gross margins. And you've talked about that as being the right expectation last quarter so not a big surprise. But it'd be great to get some detail, and it seems like you're maybe ramping the strategic investments. Just some more detail on specifically kind of what your -- where you're making from those investments?

Yes, it's a great question. As you said, we have shared that this year is going to be an investment year for us. So while we expect about 300 basis points of expansion from a gross margin perspective from both the instructive revenue share changes and from the continued mix shift to UB, we are reinvesting the majority of that back in the business such that this year, we expect about 150 to 200 basis points on the bottom line. Those investments are in 3 areas, mainly, the first is brand. Udemy historically has not invested in brand and now is the time. The second is in product investments, specifically some AI-enabled capabilities that are going to be complete game changers for the value that we can deliver to our customers. I'll let Greg share a little bit more on that. But the last thing is, in specific areas where we did see great performance in certain segments, we will be continuing to expand the go-to-market teams there. Do you want to share?

I'll just add Stephen that, look, we could not be more excited about the investments we're making and the impact these investments will have in terms of the intelligence skills platform. We just talked about it a little bit, but this is going to be a game changer for us. And most importantly, for our customers, as we begin delivering skills mapping, which is going to save L&D teams hundreds of hours. And the learning assistant, which is going to develop -- excuse me, going to deliver a personalized learning experience that is transformative, and something that we have not been able to accomplish without the addition of generative AI into our toolkit, and then automated Q&A for instructors. Today, many of our instructors spend hours answering Q&A. This is was going to able us to answer those questions in seconds and then instructors validate the answer and then off it goes.So this is just the beginning. And one of the things we're probably most excited about now that we have the ability to leverage is the data that we get on 69 million learners on the platform or across 220,000 courses that gives us the ability to feed that data into our LLM and then be able to produce insights back to our customers about the most valuable resource, which is their people, that is going to enable them to transform how they run their businesses and leverage those valuable resources.So we're at the front end of this. We're making some big investments right now. We're already starting to see these investments start to have an impact, and we'll be talking more about this as the year progresses.

The next question is from Curtis Nagle with Bank of America.

One, maybe just more of a clarification in terms of, I guess, the pullback or a decision not to invest more in marketing to, I guess, stabilize the consumer revenues. It sounds like the return hurdles aren't quite -- I guess, if they're too high, right, to justify the investment. Is that the case? Or anything else you'd I guess, elaborate on?

Yes. Really, what we're looking for before we start to invest more than we are currently from a marketing perspective behind consumer is getting some of the functionality that we're launching on UB First on the consumer platform such that the LTVs of those consumers make -- of those learners make sense. And so for us, it's all about balancing where you're investing, balancing growth and profitability. Udemy Business is the growth engine of our business. And so we're focused on investments there first. But we will be putting some of those capabilities like badging and certifications onto the consumer platform and then making some decisions about how we invest behind that.

Okay. And then just one on UB in terms of the accelerating revenue, or ARR. It sounds like that's a 2H event. I guess aside from maybe a clearer macro, and maybe more importantly, new product rollout. What are the catalysts? And what really gives you the confidence to say that you think that's going to happen from this point right now?

Yes, it's a good question. In terms of the forward look, the look forward as far as the UB and our confidence with respect to the ARR growth and expansion in the back half of the year, it really comes down to 3 primary areas. The international expansion that we're leaning into and investing in is a massive opportunity for us based on the brand awareness we have in countries like India and Brazil and the lead bowling pins that we've already knocked down in these markets that give us a lot of confidence that we can run the table with the right investments and the right programmatic approach.Second is the leverage that we believe we will get through the investments we're making in strategic partnerships, with the likes of AWS ServiceNow, Docker and many others that we're engaged with. And there'll be more to come as we start to progress throughout the year, but we absolutely believe that we're going to see material leverage from these partnerships.And then finally, it's brand and product investments. We've talked quite a bit about the product investments already. We're making equally important investments in brand. And those AI-related product investments, of which I just highlighted, really are going to transform learning in organizations. And again, we're at the front end of this. And so we're making some big bets. Those bets are well placed. And we expect those bets to start to materialize in the back half of the year, which gives us a lot of confidence that ARR growth will happen.

The next question is from Ryan MacDonald with Needham & Company.

Maybe first is starting on the investments. Greg, can you help me understand the investment in brand. Obviously, Udemy is a very large marketplace, millions of learners coming per month to the platform. You had a pretty good B2B business in terms of gaining share. Help me understand where you feel like you need to invest incrementally to build out the brand? And I mean, are there opportunities that you're -- or bets that you think you're not getting still? Or maybe just help provide some more context around that?

Yes, happy to, Ryan. So like most organizations, we do brand surveys on a fairly frequent basis. And our unaided and aided brand awareness in a number of our key markets is much lower than we would have thought and much lower than you would expect. And so yes, we believe that there will be a halo effect and we will get significant lift by investing in developing Udemy into a household name, synonymous with skills and skills development within organizations, large and small.And so we're underway. And the investment we're making in McLaren and the partnership there and multi-year investment is just one of many investments we're making to start to elevate the brand and give us an opportunity to make it much easier for our sales organization to have that first conversation in terms of just the awareness of the value and impact of relationship with Udemy can bring.So, yes, top funnel without question is to quantify an impact, Ryan, is a goal and focus. And we are quantitatively measuring the investments in brand in a variety of different ways. And we're excited about the early impact we're starting to see, and the programs are just kicking off. So, yes, there's a big opportunity for us. There really is.

Appreciate the color there. And maybe for a follow-up, on the product side, obviously, great to see the investments on AI, generative AI and then obviously, skills mapping. From the checks that we've had out in the marketplace, it seems like that with AI, a lot of interesting functionality out there early days, but there's still a hesitancy with heads of L&D, CHROs to invest in this area or maybe just not sure where to start. And on skills mapping, it's something that seems like most organizations we speak to want to move towards, but it's not an easy fix. So as you think about some of these product investments and then commercializing those. How do you start to get customers over the hump this year as you more broadly go to market with that functionality?

That's a really good one, Ryan. So first, I'll say that the example we gave the Genpact example, Genpact creating their own AI academy, we're seeing that type of scenario play out in a number of our engagements. Another one is just to give you a little bit more color and bring this to life, Emirates integrated telecom, Middle East. And I think this is one of the first large organizations in the Middle East has developed their own version of an academy. They call TechUp. And they partnered with us specifically to up-level the AI literacy in the organization with respect to ChatGPT.And a key component of that was being able to validate that their employees that acquired those skills through our validation capability. Now they started with tech skills first, and they're in the process of putting the plan in place to expand to management, leadership, coaching, and then the sales organization.So, although, it may feel like and you're doing some market tests and touch points that a lot of organizations and they are, are in the exploratory stage. There's also the progressive organizations that are much beyond that. They're moving. And we believe that those are the organizations that are truly going to get a leg up and have the ability to distance themselves in their category.And so again, we're enabling that. And our content and the focus we're putting on enabling our customers success organization to help these companies develop the right strategy in addition to the platform that we provide, it really is one of the key components, because you know Ryan, the platform without the strategy -- most organizations don't know how to do this, right?They're looking for from us. They're looking for as much of the strategic value and insight in terms of how to think about developing a capability around AI in their company as much as they are the platform to do it. And we've invested heavily to enable our customer success organization to provide that strategic level of service and support upfront to enable the organization to get comfortable with making that investment starting that transition.So there's a lot that goes into it. You're absolutely right. And we've made some big investments and we'll continue to make those big investments to help organizations take that step. And the ones that have are already starting to reap rewards as a result. And we're doing that ourselves by the way, right? We put everybody in our organization through a boot camp. And a lot of the progressive companies are doing just that.

Look forward to seeing the progress, thanks Greg.

The next question is from Josh Baer with Morgan Stanley.

I want to stick with growth and margins and thinking about it from a Rule of 40 basis, I think in 23 it was close to 17% and then in guidance implied is closer to 12%. And so with that in mind, 2 areas of questions. First, what is your growth and margin framework? And how should investors -- what should we think -- what should we expect from a Rule of 40 like metric from a philosophy standpoint? And then second, if you could talk through any areas of conservatism that are embedded in this initial guidance?

Yes, Josh, thanks for the question. Our philosophy around Rule of 40 is we are working toward achieving that. For this year, what we see is at the midpoint it's about 10% revenue growth and that includes about 3 percentage point headwind from FX.What you have to remember is we are sitting in front of a massive opportunity, and organizations have to transform how they upskill and reskill their employees to stay up with the pace of change and to embrace AI technology and other things that can actually really help their businesses. And so as you're thinking about the long-term opportunity, this is an investment year because of our position, because of the opportunity in front of us. We're always thinking about balancing that growth, balancing profitability, but the long-term -- our long-term expectations around EBITDA margins have not changed.We are still committed to achieving long-term EBITDA margin of 15% to 20% by 2027. And so, while we work through some of these short-term execution issues that are impacting the top line in the first half, we continue to invest in the things that are going to drive that long-term growth, continue to deliver UB growth at scale above 20%. And at the same time, we are committed to continue to pursue areas of operational efficiency which you saw us deliver against very meaningfully in 2023.

The next question comes from Terry Tillman with Truist.

This is Connor Passarella on for Terry. I just wanted to ask one, as it relates to UB, curious on the uptake of badging and certification and how the adoption curve has trended there? Has it been coming mostly from advanced L&D organizations so far? Or has it actually been more mainstream with adoption coming from, I guess, a variety of organizations?

Yes, Connor, good question. Yes, we continue to remain very bullish and excited about the adoption of badging and certification, as well as probably most importantly, the value and impact that it's starting to have. I'll give you an example. We've got a large, large multinational tech company that decided to run a side-by-side A/B test with 200 consultants and the A/B test was around AWS certifications.The first 100 ran through the process of educating themselves and then taking the certification the way they always had. And the second group leveraged our content and Udemy Pro, our immersive learning capability, to prepare them for that test.The group that used our technology, our platform, and our approach earned that certification in half the time, and that half the time equated to saving 15 hours per person for the prep along the path of acquiring that certification. So we're starting to see meaningful impact of the combination of Udemy Pro and our validation capability around badging and certification.That's just one example of many that are like that. And we are starting to see even more velocity and impact around us winning new business as a result of having the full complement on our platform of tech content, soft skills, power skills content, management leadership development content, all with the ability to validate and form a badging and certification that skills have been acquired.Again, coming back to our approach around skills development and developing that intelligent skills platform. So, all to say, really excited about what we're seeing, and we expect it to continue.

[Operator Instructions] The next question comes from Brent Thill with Jefferies.

This is David Lustberg on for Brent. I wanted to ask around automated Q&A. And a little bit more about the strategy about how you guys are building that and going about it. I guess, for one, are you building your own LLM? Are you partnering? And I know you talked about it being used for answering instructor questions quicker for instructors to then look at and validate. But is there an opportunity to roll this out more broadly to the consumer in a way where it's not necessarily course-related, but can help someone who's just trying to understand any question?

Yes, good question. So, effectively, how it works, and I'll keep this very brief, is we have trans, we automated -- we develop or we've automated the ability to develop transcripts associated with all 220,000 courses that are on our platform. We feed those into the LLM, and that gives us the ability, obviously, AI-enabled, to light up the ability to answer questions as they come through instantaneously, because we've got all the insight and information, the transcripts, from all of the courses that our learners would take.And so, really, what that does, and we've got many instructors that spend upwards of 50% of their time a day, 4 hours a day, either themselves or their TAs, teaching assistants, answering questions. So, it removes all of that time and energy that goes into answering those questions. Now, all they have to do is validate that the answers are accurate, make any adjustments, hit send, and off it goes.And we're really excited about the level of accuracy we're seeing in the early days. We know, as we continue to educate the LLM, and that happens automatically, that the accuracy is going to improve over time. And do we have the ability to port this type of capability to the consumer experience? The answer is yes, and in a variety of ways. And we're really excited about that.I mean, I'll tell you one of the things we're most excited about in the short to mid-term is porting the badging and certification capability to the consumer experience so that all of that validation opportunity is now made available in that environment. In addition to all the capabilities we're talking about now that we're initially launching into the enterprise segment, everything that's applicable, we're going to port down to the consumer experience. So, you can surely expect the enhancements to flow down, and that process will not be elongated. We expect that to be a fairly quick process.

The next question comes from Noah Herman with JPMorgan.

With respect to linearity in the quarter, can you provide just some color on the top of funnel demand and conversions throughout the quarter?

Yes, I'll take that. Thanks for the question, Noah. So, very typical with a fourth quarter, and any quarter, but you see this more so in the fourth quarter, the bookings come in the last month. And so, from a linearity perspective, you book a small portion in month 1, a small portion in month 2, and then the most significant portion in the last month, and that's exacerbated in Q4 as companies are figuring out their budgets for the next year.And so, that's what we saw and expected again in this quarter. And when we got down to that last month, that's where we identified some execution issues where the bookings didn't come in as expected. And in some respect, it was masked a little bit by the macro, but we are taking actions against that, and we expect to see that those initiatives take hold in the back half as we continue to invest in all the areas that are going to drive our long-term growth.

The next question comes from Brett Knoblauch with Cantor Fitzgerald.

Maybe just on the broader budgetary commentary, I think Gen AI has been making waves for over a year now, and I think this is supposed to lead to increased rescaling and upscaling by organizations. So I guess what's the holdup or hesitancy on the organization's part, and what do you think is going to be the cause for an inflection in what they're willing to spend money on from a rescaling perspective?

Yes, good question. I'll take that. So amidst the guidance that we provided, I think it's important to call out that we are seeing strength in our enterprise segment, North America and around the world, and we're seeing accelerated expansion opportunities start to come to life and get executed, and the pace of those is starting to increase.I'll give you an example. Mercado Libre, the largest e-com FinTech Company in Latin America, just expanded, significantly expanded the relationship with us this last quarter from initially Argentina and Brazil to all of Latin America. Based on our ability to help them execute their strategy with respect to upskilling and reskilling, their tech teams and beyond, including AI, which was a key component of that, on an ongoing basis, and that's as a result of the success we had in the initial 2 countries. And you look at a government entity like County of Los Angeles, 100,000 employees, been a customer since 2021.Based on the success that they saw and over 90% of their supervisors seeing an increase in productivity and employee engagement, this is quantifiable impact, they made a decision to deploy to all 100,000. Prior to that, it was a subset. So we are seeing acceleration. We are seeing organizations spend money. We are seeing organizations leaning into the notion of we have to develop the skills necessary for us to be competitive and win in this environment where the pace of change is increasing every day.So, as much as I know right now, based on the guide, it may appear that, and we are taking a conservative approach to the year, there's no doubt about it. But it may appear that the velocity of the business is not necessarily where we would like it to be. And the reality is, we already talked about some of the execution issues, but what we're really excited about is the impact we're starting to see in the enterprise. We're starting to see dollars be spent at an accelerated pace. Consolidations continue to happen.The Marriott opportunity we talked about is a consolidation to our platform for multiple. The large multi-national financial institution that we talked about, 7-figure deal, consolidation from multiple to our platform. So momentum is building in our enterprise segment, which, by the way, is 80% of our revenue. But that's hidden a little bit based on the guide and based on some of the execution issues we did see coming out of Q4, which we absolutely are confident will be rectified.So I know that's probably a little bit more color than you were looking for, but I think it warrants it because -- the reality is this business is very healthy and -- on really solid footing. Don't forget, UB is projected to exit the year at $0.5 billion in revenue, growing over 20% year-over-year with a massive TAM and significant tailwind.So, the opportunity is in front of us. We've got a very solid foundation that we're growing from, and the economic climate, we believe, throughout the year is going to enable us to execute at the level we've talked about. So I'll leave it at that.

The next question is from Jeff Meuler with Baird.

Yes, [ Stephen Pollock ] on for Jeff. You mentioned that sales cycles remain elongated. Maybe just put that into context. Are you seeing incremental elongation? Is it sort of stable at higher levels? And, how much longer are they than you would expect for a normal sales cycle? And then, Sarah, I think you had mentioned something about higher quality leads in the pipeline. Is there any color there around what makes you characterized in that way?

Yes, thanks for the question. So sales cycles have did not elongate further in Q4. We did see some pockets in Q3 where the sales cycles pulled in a little bit, but we are nowhere near historic levels still. Those sales cycles are, they're pretty stable. That elongation continues, but did not get worse. From a quality of leads in the pipeline, there has been a lot of work done on our funnel and ensuring that we are capturing the leads and then spending our resources on following up on the leads that are more likely to convert.So we have seen our win rates go up, and that is a function of the quality of the leads that then get converted into opportunities for us are those parties that are more interested, that know more and understand more about our business because of the upfront work that we've done on the marketing and the outbound side.

The next question comes from Jason Celino with KeyBanc Capital Markets.

This is actually Devin on for Jason today. Thanks for taking our question. I just want to also follow-up on kind of your expectation of ARR growth to pick up in the second half. Are you also assuming, net retention to improve and also new customer growth to kind of accelerate in the second half? Just any additional color you can provide on your confidence there.

Yes, great question. From a net dollar retention, we don't give out guidance on that, but what we expect is once that net new ARR starts to pick up in the back half, that will over time translate into an improvement in net dollar retention, which, again, is still strong in this macro, 113% for our large customers and stable at 106% overall.From a logo perspective, because I heard you talking a little bit about customer count there, we did in Q4 see some of the smaller side of our SMB business not renew at year end, but that is something typical that we also saw last year where we add more logos in the third quarter than we do in the fourth quarter, where that enterprise business continues to chug along and drive that growth, but you see some attrition on the low side.

The next question is from Arvind Ramnani with Piper Sandler.

I wanted to ask about, kind of staying disciplined on kind of operational efficiencies and kind of being prudent on where you'll spend money, but also at the same time making investments. I heard both of that through the call. So I just wanted to kind of reconcile those 2 dynamics on the expense side?

Yes, I'll take that question. Thanks, Arvind. So if you just look across, 22 and 23, from a percentage of revenue, what we are spending on the different functions in the organizations, that has come down dramatically, and that is because of the operational efficiencies, the systems that we're investing in, the processes that we're investing in to drive that operational efficiency, and we're going to continue doing that.You heard Greg say that we have, done an AI bootcamp across the organization. There are AI investments that we can make for our operations, not just our platform, but for our operations that will continue to drive operating efficiency. At the same time, we are going to be investing in the R&D capabilities that we spoke about and our brand spend that is new. And so those 2 things are balanced out, and that's why you're seeing we had a significant margin expansion on the bottom line in 2023, but it's only going to be modest in 2024 as we make those investments and continue to focus on capturing the long-term growth.

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the call back to Greg Brown for closing remarks.

Thank you. I'd just like to thank you all for joining the call today, and we look forward to connecting again in May for the Q1 update. So thank you again. Have a great afternoon.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines.