L'Occitane International SA
HKEX:973
Earnings Call Analysis
Q2-2024 Analysis
L'Occitane International SA
The company saw a substantial growth in sales, reaching over EUR 1 billion, marking a nearly 19% increase at reported rates. This growth is particularly impressive considering the challenging macroeconomic environment. The brand mix became more diverse with new additions like ELEMIS and Sol de Janeiro, altering the sales dynamics. Significantly, Sol de Janeiro emerged as a star performer, now accounting for a quarter of the group's sales, while the Americas became the largest region in terms of revenue, predominantly driven by this brand. Sales growth was robust across various regions, including a 63.6% growth in the Americas driven primarily by Sol de Janeiro.
Despite strong sales, the gross profit margin decreased by 1.9 points to 78.3%, influenced by factors such as brand mix effect, unfavorable FX impact, and channel mix, partially offset by better commercial conditions and price increases. Operating profit fell by 11.8% to EUR 76.8 million, and the operating profit margin declined to 7.2% due to increased marketing expenses and other factors. The marketing investments surged particularly in strategic areas like China, which, although dilutive to margins in the short term, are vital for brand development.
Distribution expenses improved, reflecting the impact of brand mix, sales leverage, and efficiencies from network optimization. However, this was partially offset by hikes related to staff costs, commissions to sales partners, and other operational costs. General and administrative expenses slightly decreased, benefitting from better sales leverage, but were pressured by increases in bonuses, salaries, and investments aimed at organizational improvement.
Inventory increased by EUR 81.5 million with a decline in inventory turnover, attributed to factors like lower finished goods turnover, offset by improvements in other areas. Capital expenditures rose to EUR 28.7 million, reflecting investments in stores, production lines, and IT, with the cash cycle experiencing a six-day increase to 67 days.
The company's brand portfolio is more diversified with significant contributions from Sol de Janeiro and ELEMIS to sales, while other brands like Erborian also shined with high operating margins. However, some brands, such as Melvita and LimeLife, underperformed, with the latter experiencing a sales decline over 20%. For fiscal year 2024, the company maintains a sales growth guidance of 17% and an operating profit margin target of 12%, pending a reassessment after analyzing December's performance.
In line with long-term investment goals, marketing expenses are expected to maintain or slightly increase, which is pivotal for influencing consumer behavior, particularly during the holiday season. The company has witnessed some successes, such as in China, where the core brands saw growth significantly outstripping the premium beauty market. Despite promotional market dynamics during events like 11/11 and Black Friday, the company is selective in participating to protect brand equity, which is a strategic approach aimed at sustainable growth.
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Welcome, everyone. Thank you for joining L'Occitane International's presentation today on the FY 2024 interim results. With me here today in Hong Kong is our Vice Chairman and CEO, Mr. Andre Hoffmann. We are also joined on the line by Chairman, Mr. Reinold Geiger; and our CFO, Mr. Samuel Antunes. First, Samuel will start with the financial highlights, and Andre will then go over our strategic review and outlook before we go into Q&A.
Today, we are taking questions from both the on-site audience and our online audience. For those who are joining online, you can see the Raise Hand icon on the top right-hand corner of the webcast page. You can feel free to submit your questions even during the presentation, and we'll read them out at the end during our Q&A session.
So now I would like to pass it over to Samuel. Thank you.
Thank you, Janis. Good morning, good afternoon, everyone. So first, we start with the financial highlights. The group had strong sales momentum in the first half of FY 2024, with net sales exceeding EUR 1 billion, representing a growth of almost 19% at reported rates. This is considered a solid result amidst the macroeconomic challenges.
Gross profit margin remained high, at 78.3%, also, it fell by 1.9 points as compared to the same period last year. This was mostly due to a brand-mix effect as our last acquired brands, ELEMIS and Sol de Janeiro, have higher wholesale mix. Operating profit decreased by 11.8% to EUR 76.8 million while the operating profit margin decreased to 7.2%. This was largely due to a significant increase in marketing expenses and some nonoperational items. Note that on a management basis, the operating profit margin was 8.4%. We'll explain more in the following slides. Profit for the period was roughly EUR 40 million. Meanwhile, the net debt decreased 10.7% to EUR 735.2 million.
Now we have a look at our sales breakdown. Our brand mix is now much more diversified. L'OCCITANE en Provence sales mix was 56%, down from 2/3 last year due to the continued development of Sol de Janeiro and ELEMIS. Sol de Janeiro's rapid growth boosted it to account for 1/4 of our sales. In terms of sales by region, the Americas continues to be our largest region, at 41% of the group sales, mainly contributed by Sol de Janeiro. APAC was second, at 35%, while the EMEA accounted for 24%. By single markets, the U.S. was the largest single market, accounting for around 36% of overall sales, followed by China at 13%, and the U.K. at 7.6%. Our channel mix was skewed slightly more to wholesale, at 41%, thanks again to Sol de Janeiro, while the remaining 59% was split basically evenly between online and retail channels.
Looking at our sales performance by brand. L'OCCITANE en Provence sales were slightly negative at reported rates, but it grew 3.5% at constant rates in the first half. This was mainly contributed by China's good sales momentum where the core brand grew 22% at constant rates. Excluding Russia, which we exited last year, L'OCCITANE en Provence grew 4.8% at constant rates in the first half. ELEMIS grew 7.6% in the first half, slower than the double-digit growth in Q1. This was due to a sales decline in both the U.S. and the U.K. in Q2, in line with management's expectations as it continued to execute the premiumization strategy. Sol de Janeiro continued its impressive trajectory and grew by 189% at constant rates. It showed triple-digit growth in all geographies. The other brands together posted a growth of 10.7% at constant rates in the first half.
Sales growth by region. APAC saw H1 growth of 9.2% at constant rates, mostly driven by L'OCCITANE en Provence distant growth in China and ELEMIS' continued development there. In the first half, China grew by 28% at constant rates. Americas was the fastest-growing region, with 63.6% growth at constant rates, mainly driven by Sol de Janeiro in the U.S. EMEA grew 4.1% at constant rates, thanks to the new contribution of Sol de Janeiro in Europe and the very nice results of Erborian, particularly in France. Excluding Russia, EMEA grew by 8.7% at constant rates.
Finally, sales growth by channel. Retail sales were slightly negative at reported rates. That saw a 3.7% increase in constant rates, once again, due mostly to the better conditions in China. Excluding Russia, the retail growth was 5.5% at constant rates. Wholesale and others were the fastest growing channel with 44.9% growth at constant rates. Online channels posted a solid 26.9% growth at constant rates, mainly driven by Sol de Janeiro and ELEMIS as well as China's newly launched marketplace channel.
Now we have an overview of the profitability. Our gross profit margin decreased by 1.9 points, due mainly to a brand-mix effect. We significantly increased our marketing investments, especially for the core brand L'OCCITANE en Provence. But we were able to partly compensate that with a better distribution expenses ratio, also due mostly to brand mix. In the others line, it includes share of profit loss from associates and joint ventures and some other exceptional items. As a result, our reported operating profit margin declined by 2.5 points to 7.2%. Note also that our profitability in the first half has historically been lower due to the seasonality of our business as we invest and prepare for the peak holiday season in the second half of the year. We'll go into more details in the following slides.
The gross profit margin decreased by 1.9 points to 78.3%, due mostly to the following factors: unfavorable brand mix for 2 points, mostly from Sol de Janeiro, as it has higher wholesale mix; unfavorable FX impact for 0.5 points; and channel mix and industrial costs and other impacts for 0.5 points. The decrease was partly offset by improved commercial conditions with our sell-in customers for 0.8 points, price increase for 0.3 points.
Distribution expenses had a nice improvement of 2.7 points to 36.5% of net sales, due mainly to favorable brand-mix effect for 5.6 points, mostly from Sol de Janeiro and Erborian, which have lower level of distribution costs; higher sales leverage, channel mix and FX for 0.7 points; and efficiencies, thanks to network rationalization and fewer renovation and a decrease of freight costs for 0.5 points. This improvement was partly offset by higher investment in organization staff, including progressing to become living wage employer, IT and others for 1.5 points; cost increasing to a raise in commission rates to sell-in partners for 1.2 points, mostly due to the sales growth in marketplace channels and Sol de Janeiro and additional live streaming activities in China; increase in travel and entertainment and other one-off effects for 0.8 points; and finally, reclassifications of sales commissions from gross profit for 0.6 points.
Marketing expenses increased significantly by 4.4 points to 22.2% of our net sales. This increase was mostly due to higher strategic marketing investment to capture growth opportunities for all of our brands for 4 points, of which 3.6 points went to L'OCCITANE en Provence, of which 2.2 points were allocated to China and 1.4 points to other strategic markets and channels; and 0.4 points went to the other brands, including 0.2 points that went to ELEMIS in China. We have also higher investment in staff, salary increase and fees for 0.7 points; brand-mix effect for 0.7 points. This increase was partly offset by higher sales leverage for 0.8 points, and FX and channel impact for 0.2 points.
General and administrative expenses decreased slightly by 0.5 points to 10.6% of net sales. On the favorable side, we had better sales leverage for 2.1 points, favorable brand mix and phasing for 0.3 points. This improvement was offset by 0.7 points from each of higher bonuses and incentives, higher operating costs such as salaries, T&E and recruitment fees, higher investments in organization, staff, IT and others; and lastly, 0.2 points from FX.
All in all, the operating profit margin decreased by 2.5 points to 7.2% of net sales. The decrease is explained by increase in marketing and organizational investments for 7 points; one-off items, phasing, unfavorable FX and other for 2 points; cost increase and inflation for 1.6 points; nonoperational items mainly from Good Glamm Group and CAPSUM for 0.7 points. This increase was partly offset by higher sales leverage and favorable brand mix for 6.4 points; Russia impact last year for 1.6 points; and channel mix efficiencies on retail network, freight and price increase for 0.8 points.
There were several items considered to be exceptional that impacted the operating profit margin this year. These are the share of losses of Good Glamm and CAPSUM and the net loss from CAPSUM disposal. Hence, in this slide, we also provide the management version of our operating profit for more representative view. On the management basis, the operating profit margin decreased by 3.1 percentage points from 11.5% to 8.4%.
Now we look at the operating profit by brand. L'OCCITANE en Provence OP margin was almost flat, at 0.1%, due mainly to the significant increase in strategic marketing investments in key markets and channels. We are also affected by the seasonality of the business given that we invest in the first half to prepare the peak holiday season in the second half. Some nonoperational items such as the share of losses from Good Glamm Group and CAPSUM were also allocated to the core brand. Excluding these items, the management operating profit margin of L'OCCITANE en Provence was 2.3%. Sol de Janeiro had a stellar operating profit margin at 28.9% and was the largest contributor to the first half operating profit. ELEMIS operating profit margin decreased from 10.8% to 6.5% as a result of accelerating marketing investments. The other brands together ended the first half with an operating loss of EUR 9 million.
Capital expenditures amounted to EUR 28.7 million for the first half of FY 2024, an increase of EUR 7.5 million as compared to the same period last year. This is related to a resumption of stores opening and refurbishment after emerging from COVID in most markets, investments in production line, warehouses and offices as well as IT equipment. Yet the CapEx remained quite low as compared to pre-COVID levels.
Cash cycle increased by 6 days to 67 days of net sales as a result of slightly higher trade receivables being more than offset by inventory and trade payables turnover. Inventory value as at end of September this year increased by EUR 81.5 million to EUR 391 million as compared to the same period last year. Average inventory turnover decreased by 15 days to 278, days due mainly to lower finished goods and mini products and pouches for 12 days; however, FX impact for 10 days, and this improvement was partly offset by raw materials and work in progress for 7 days. Trade receivables turnover days increased by 1 day, mainly attributable to the increase in sell-in sales. Trade payables turnover days decreased by [ 12 days ].
This concludes my section of the presentation. I will now pass it to Andre to go over the strategic review and outlook. Thank you very much for your attention.
Thank you, Samuel. In the first half of fiscal year '24, we had solid sales growth of almost 25% at constant rates, driven by our 2 largest brands L'OCCITANE en Provence and Sol de Janeiro. When we last met in June for our annual results announcement, we shared that we decided to significantly increase our marketing investments to allow all our brands to fully capture growth opportunities and protect market share in an increasingly competitive market. I am pleased to report that we are seeing some early results, evident in the core brands growth of 22% in China, considerably outstripping the growth of the overall premium beauty market. Although the increase in marketing investments is dilutive on our margins short term, we are convinced it is necessary to take the development of all our brands to the next level.
As Samuel shared, our management operating profit was 8.4%, still a decent result thanks to the strong contribution from Sol de Janeiro. Delivering a healthy profit only represents one of the Ps of our 3P model to balance profit, planet and people. A few months ago, the group celebrated becoming B Corp-certified. We are extremely proud of this achievement as B Corp is a globally recognized standard that measures and verifies the company's entire social and environmental performance, and it ensures transparency and accountability. During our 2-year journey to certification, we used the B Corp framework to rigorously evaluate our impact on all stakeholders across 5 pillars: our governance, on our workers, the environment, the community and with our customers.
Our brand mix is now much more diversified thanks to our recent M&A activity, with our second and third largest brands Sol de Janeiro and ELEMIS now taking up more than 1/3 of our total sales. Of the other brands, Erborian and L'OCCITANE au Brésil stood out and grew 44% and 36% at constant rates, respectively. Erborian maintained a very high operating margin of close to 30%, one of the highest in the group. L'OCCITANE au Brésil was still in a loss position, but narrowed losses considerably to just over EUR 1 million. For the underperforming brands that we took impairments on last year, Melvita narrowed its sales declined to a single-digit percentage in the first half, while LimeLife continued to be the sluggish, declining by over 20%.
Now we will have a closer look at the key strategic initiatives of our 3 main brands. The core brands' growth was mostly driven by China and the encouraging 22% growth that can be attributed to our increased marketing investments. We focus marketing campaigns on the strategic product categories of face care, body care and hair care. This strong marketing push helped build awareness, engagement and, ultimately, our outperformance against the overall premium beauty market. One of the major campaigns was for the Almond range that featured lifestyle content marketing and the use of KOLs on social media platforms, including Little Red Book to drive awareness and build relevance. The campaign resulted in a 36% sales increase in the Almond range in the January to September period and established the Almond Shower Oil as the #1 most searched shower product on social media platforms.
For the launch of the White Lavender range, we utilized an omnichannel campaign to bring a Provence vacation story to life, including the use of celebrity and KOL content to drive social media buzz, an immersive experience at a physical PR event with a pop-up cafe and live streaming sessions during Tmall's Super Brand Day. This campaign resulted in 430 million online impressions and more than 100% growth in both Tmall's and Little Red Book's search index.
Finally, on L'OCCITANE en Provence. We held a campaign on our iconic face care product, the Immortelle Divine Cream, featuring strong KOL engagements to generate product-focused content and build word of mouth. We invited one of China's top live streamers to Corsica this summer to trace and discover the uniqueness of the Immortelle flower, and he held a live streaming session from one of our Paris boutiques. We also had extensive content on Little Red Book and a highly visible outdoor advertising. In the July to September quarter, this campaign helped drive a 200% sales growth for the Immortelle Divine Cream and a 3-place improvement in sales ranking in the beauty researched face cream category and an over 400% increase in social media buzz.
As we have already mentioned, Sol de Janeiro continues to exceed management's lofty expectations, delivering triple-digit growth. In the first half, they grew 189%, driven by both their home market in the U.S. and in international markets. In the U.S., they held a highly successful pop-up campaign where they toured multiple U.S. cities that further boosted their popularity. For the launch of the limited edition fall fragrance mist called After Hours, we held a PR event and conducted extensive KOL seeding, driving strong media buzz, incremental sales and, of course, customer acquisition. It reaffirmed our belief that Sol de Janeiro is not just a summer brand, but has year-round appeal.
Outside of the U.S., Sol de Janeiro also deployed the summer brand campaign across the U.K., France and the Middle East via retailers, national media and an out-of-home campaign. We also amplified its brand awareness with the use of billboards, branded taxis, pop-up stores in the run up to Black Friday and the holiday season. In the coming quarter, we expect to be expanding our brick-and-mortar presence in the U.K. with key retail partners.
Another important point for Sol de Janeiro was in the travel retail channel. During the summer, we were able to secure best-in-class retail podiums in key airports, including Paris, London, Frankfurt, New York and Sao Paulo. We have also recently launched in travel retail in Australia with a very strong domestic market that is just booming. The brand's unmatched popularity and strong execution not only allowed it to grow in terms of sales, but they were able to expand operating profit margin to 29% of net sales.
ELEMIS progressed along the plan, with 7.6% growth at constant rates in the first half. We continue to execute our premiumization strategy, such as through consciously reducing investments with certain web partners and to drive traffic to our own website. Looking at the sellout growth, which is a much better indication of the brand strength, ELEMIS grew by over 40% in the U.S. and double-digit in both the U.K. and cruise ship business. Elsewhere, ELEMIS in China is gaining traction, with sales growth of over 200% in the first half as we accelerated marketing investments on social media channels, highlighting one of our global best sellers, the Pro-Collagen Cleansing Balm. Douyin also made an important contribution to our sales, thanks to an impactful KOL live streaming, which will -- which we will continue to do in Q3.
Heading into the second half of fiscal year '24, we are cautiously optimistic as macroeconomic uncertainties remain in major markets. We are highly focused to deliver a strong holiday season while staying committed to protecting brand equity by reducing discounting depth and frequency. Our continued marketing investments in targeting campaigns and strategic product categories should also help underpin our performance during this critical quarter. At this stage, we continue to maintain the fiscal year '24 guidance with a sales growth of 17% and an operating profit margin of 12%.
We currently have an early view of the holiday performance with both double 11 and Black Friday. However, given the uncertainty in many major markets, we find it more appropriate to also have a view of December before reassessing the annual guidance. With our portfolio of strong and unique premium brands and our commitment to invest for the long term, we are well positioned to drive sustainable growth and profitability as a multibillion euro, multibillion multi-brand group.
This concludes our presentation, and I now suggest we start Q&A session. Thank you for your attention.
Thank you, management. We now move into the Q&A session.
First, we'll take questions from a live audience before moving to the online questions. So first question from the online audience, please? You can raise your hand. And yes, [ Lizzie ] in the front.
This is [ Lizzie ] from CICC. I have 3 questions. So my first question is related to the -- our key observations through recent promotion events. So we have double 11 this month and we also have Black Friday and Christmas season coming. So we also see some preliminary data saying that the Black Friday in the U.S. was quite strong this year. So I was wondering what's our -- like what's our group's observation during those events. And can we have some color by brand and also by the region?
Okay. Would you like to handle that? Okay. So I'll do 11/11 and Janis can do Black Friday. So 11/11, overall sales for our company in China online were plus 6%, but Tmall was negative 7%. Our negative 7% on Tmall was one of the better performers as the market was very negative and very heavy on the discounts and promotions. We balance that with a very strong performance on Douyin, which now represents approximately 15% of our online business.
JD was also slightly negative. But we found that the 11/11 campaign this year was very, very promotional and we didn't really want to jump into that game as much as some of our competitors did. So overall, we're quite pleased with our performance. As I said earlier in my presentation, and as Samuel mentioned, we believe our marketing investments were a big help to protect the level of sales.
Yes. And just on Black Friday, I'll share some results. Because Cyber Monday is still going on in some markets, so I'll just share some early results from Black Friday on major markets. In the U.S., Black Friday was single-digit up, roughly 2% up on sellout sales. And we actually shifted our promotion strategy slightly this year to one day earlier. So instead of starting on the day of Black Friday to Cyber Monday, we shifted [indiscernible] starting on a Thursday, which many of our competitors are doing. And we actually saw a pretty decent growth on retail, but slightly down on web. So overall, Black Friday in the U.S. was up around 2%.
In the U.K. faring slightly better, kind of like a high single digits. Again, it was actually driven by both growth in the retail market and also in our online channels. And for France, also kind of like a mid- to high single digit up. So overall, Black Friday seems kind of promising. But as Andre said, we do need to have a look at Cyber Monday as well as the December results.
I think you also wanted perhaps to have some information for the other brands. And I can just say that for ELEMIS, do you want to? Yes, for ELEMIS, the October results and the November results were very strong. And of course, Sol de Janeiro continued to deliver triple-digit growth for the month of October and will also deliver triple-digit growth for the month of November.
Also, I will ask the second and the third question together. So we -- just now we shared that we would maintain our group guidance now. So I was wondering, how do we see the sales growth by brand in the fiscal year '24? Like do we have any, like updates on the sales growth guidance by brand and also the OP margin by brand?
Sure. I can take this question. So maintaining the guidance, we're basically maintaining all of the brand sales and also the OP margin guidance. So just to reiterate, we expect for the core L'Occitane brand, mid-single-digit growth in terms of sales, a high single-digit for operating profit margin. For ELEMIS, we expect mid- to high-teens sales growth, with kind of like a low teens type of operating profit margin. Sol de Janeiro, definitely triple-digit growth, with an operating margin of close to 20%. So all in all, overall 17% sales growth with a 12% operating profit margin.
Sure. We'll take the next question from the floor. [ Phoebe ]?
Yes. This is [ Phoebe ] from Morgan Stanley. So I have 2 questions from my side. Firstly is on the sell-in expense. So in the first half, it was like up 4.4 percentage points. So how do we think about the second half in terms of marketing expense, especially the fact that we have double 11 and also Black Friday during this period?
And then the second question is on China. So it's more of like there is a consumption downgrade going on in this market. How do we position our brand? And what is our strategy for this region? And also the competition landscape, how do you think we're observed for both online channel and the travel retail channel? That's mostly from my side.
I'll just jump into the China question. I mean as we've shared before, and I think all beauty brands have the same kind of long-term vision. China represents a tremendous growth opportunity. We don't believe, by any stretch of the imagination, that we have a saturated distribution. And in fact, we -- in our 5-year plan, we think we can be opening up between 15 and 20 new stores a year for the core L'OCCITANE en Provence brand. But China right now is soft. Consumer confidence is not so strong. There's many sectors of the economy which are challenged and struggling. So we have to be cautious. But as we believe long term, we've decided to invest.
And our investment level in China has never been higher. But as I said, it's something that we believe in very strongly. And the initial results because some of our investment is more for long-term branding and some of it is for sort of tactical campaigns for our key categories, but we're getting great results from it. And we feel that the 22% growth that China delivered is largely due to the additional investments that we have spent. But China is a long-term play. And you have ups and downs in a market like that. And I think that now is challenging. But long term, we absolutely believe in it.
What was your third question?
Maintaining [indiscernible] in the second half?
Yes, I think it will be maintained, perhaps slightly increased. We started our additional investments compared to what we've previously spent in the first half of this year, but much of it was to influence consumers' behavior heading into the holiday season and 11/11. But I don't see it going lower. I see it slightly increasing, if anything.
Thank you. Do we have any more questions from the on-site audience? So let's move on to -- no questions from the online. Sure. We'll take Lynn's question.
This is Lynn Wu from Bank of America. So I've got 2 questions. The first one, I just want to clarify on the holiday sales. So the double 11 numbers are across all brands. But for Black Friday, is it only for core brand? Or is it across different brands as well?
Yes. So everything was for L'OCCITANE en Provence only. So the double 11, that was for China for L'OCCITANE en Provence. So it was up 6% across 3 platforms: Tmall, plus JD, plus Douyin.
Got it. Okay. And also in terms of the marketing investment, you mentioned that China is a very strong, 28% growth was largely driven by marketing investment. What's the outlook for the -- or our online assumption for the future market growth in China? And also just in case that demand gets further deteriorated, how should we think about our marketing investment? Because one concern that people have is that in especially the online platform is getting increasingly competitive, and some brands are seeing lower return on investment in terms of investing on these platforms. So should the cost continue to go up, are we going to also increase -- further increase our marketing investment in order to sustain that level of growth? Or might we like reassess in terms of our investment strategy in the market?
I think any company would sort of do a review every year on their investments and the type of return they got. As I said earlier, much of our investment has it's been on long-term brand building. The market has become increasingly competitive. Online, as you say, the cost of marketing online has probably gone up 5x compared to a few years ago. So yes, we have to evaluate that. But we just feel that we need to be present where our shoppers want to shop and where the consumers want to educate themselves. They don't learn about brands the old way. They learn online. And this is very, very important if we want to grow our business, but we just don't feel by any means that we have tapped out or we're X growth in China.
In fact, we still believe we have tremendous opportunity, thanks to an incredible pipeline of new product launches, some of which we've launched in other markets. But due to product registration and FDA approval, because we want to make strong claims about these products, specifically for hair care, they haven't yet been launched in China. So we're still very optimistic about China, but people need to be patient. China, like any big market, has down periods and then they'll have very strong boom periods' recovery. But for us, we remain firmly committed to growing the business in China.
Thank you. So just a reminder for our online audience, there is a Raise Hand icon on the top right-hand corner, if you'd like to submit your question. Any last questions from the on-site audience?
If there are no further questions, I will conclude our presentation for today. If you had any follow-up questions after the presentation, feel free to reach myself. Thanks again for your participation. Goodbye.
Thank you.