Good
morning,
and
welcome
to
this
audio-cast
covering
our
full-year
results
for
the
year
ended
December 31,
2021.
I
will
start
the presentation
with
the
highlights
of
the
year
and
then
hand
over
to
Rohan
for
the
financial
review.
After
this
section,
I
will
take
you
through
a
review
of
the
2021
performance
in
our
emerging
and
mature
markets,
an
update
on
the
2022
outlook
including
what
we
are
doing
to
proactively
manage
inflation,
and
how
we
are
progressing
with
our
next
step
in
the
Devro
growth
journey
including
an
update
on
capital
allocation.
I
will
finish
this
morning's
presentation
with
some
concluding
remarks.
But
let
me
start
with
the
full year
highlights.
I'm
very
pleased
with
the
2021
performance
which
shows
that
our
growth
strategy
is
working
and
where
we
delivered
significant
improved
financial
performance
in
what
was
still
a
year
with
challenging
market
conditions.
In
2021,
we
grew
our
constant
currency
revenue
by
5%,
the
best
performance
in
the
last
decade
and
ahead
of
volume
growth
in
edible
casings
with
a
positive
contribution
from
pricing
based
on
our
value-based
selling
approach.
Edible
casings
full year
growth
was
just
below
5%
and
accelerated
in
the
second
half
and
for
the year,
both
strong
growth
in
emerging,
plus
7%,
and
mature
markets,
plus
4%.
Revenue
growth
combined
with
our
continued
ability
to
deliver
cost
savings
and
despite
inflationary
pressures
resulted
in
constant
currency
operating
profit
growth
of
13%.
We
had
another
year
of
strong
free
cash
generation
delivering
a
reduction
in
net
debt
by
over
£20
million
to
below
£90 million.
Given
the
strong
financial
performance
and
with
the
growth
strategy
delivering,
the
board
proposes
an
increase
in
the
final
dividend
to
£0.065,
bringing
the
full
year
dividend to £0.093,
a
3%
increase
on
the
prior
year.
But
let
me
now
first
handover
to
Rohan
for
the financial
review.
R
Rohan Cummings
Thank
you,
Rutger,
and
good
morning,
everybody.
As
Rutger
mentioned,
2021
delivered
strong
top
line
revenue
growth
and
free
cash
flow
generation,
leading
to
a
significant
reduction
in
net
debt.
I
will
start today's
presentation
by
focusing
on
the
key
financial
highlights
for
2021.
Constant
currency
revenue
was
up
5.4%
to
£261.1
million
driven
by
strong
volume
growth
through
market
share
gains,
together
with
positive
pricing
and
improved
mix,
reflecting
the
continued
success
in
the
execution
of
our
growth
strategy.
Reported
revenue
was
up
2%
to
£252.4
million,
reflecting
£8.7
million
of
foreign
exchange
headwinds.
Constant
currency
underlying
operating
profit
was
up
13%
to
£46
million
with
reported
underlying
operating
profit
up
3%
to
£42
million
after
reflecting
£4
million
of
foreign
exchange
headwinds.
Underlying
profit
before tax
was
up
9%,
including
the
change
in
accounting
treatment
for
pension
finance
costs.
The
underlying
basic
earnings
per
share
was
£0.181,
a
15%
increase.
We
continue
to
see
strong
cash
generation
with
free
cash
flows
up
to
£35.6
million
versus
prior
year
of
£22.5
million.
There was
further
improvement
in
balance
sheet
leverage
with
covenant
net
debt
to
EBITDA
ending
at
1.4
times,
which
is significantly
lower
than
June
2021
of
1.6
times
and
December
2020
of
1.8
times.
Given
the group's
financial
position,
strong
trading
performance
and
outlook,
the
board
has
proposed
an
increased
final
dividend
of
£0.065,
representing
a
full year
dividend
of
£0.093,
up
3%
on
the
prior
year.
Let
me
now
give
you
more
detail
on
group
revenue.
Volumes
of
edible
collagen
casings
were
up
4.9%.
Emerging
market
volume
was
up
7%,
driven
by
Southeast
Asia
and
Latin
America.
Mature
market
volume
was
up
4%,
driven
by
strong
growth
in
North
America
and
pleasing
growth
in
Europe,
offset
by
weaker
market
conditions
in
UK
and
Ireland
and
Australia.
We
saw
positive
price
during
the
year
with
further
price
increases
being
[ph]
passed (04:34) in
the
latter
part
of
the
year
to
offset
inflationary
pressures.
The
positive
mix
was
driven
by
better
product
mix
and
improved
geographical
mix
as
we
continue
to
gain
market
share
in
North
America.
Other
products
were
largely
flat
year-on-year.
We
saw
a
gross
£11.8
million
negative
foreign
exchange
headwind
mainly
due
to
the
strengthening
of
the
sterling
against
the
US
dollar
and
Japanese
yen.
This
was
offset by
£3.1
million
hedging
gain
which
will
not
repeat
in
2022.
The
net
impact
after
the
hedging
was
£8.7
million
negative
foreign
exchange
movements.
It
is
worth
noting
the
accelerated
growth
momentum,
which
was
7%
in
the
second
half
of
the
year
versus
[ph]
50% (05:22)
in
the
first
half.
Looking
at
underlying
operating
profit
and,
in
this
slide,
we
bridged
the
main
movements
for
the
year.
The
first three
bars
of
this
waterfall
show
the
operating
profit
impact
of
the
revenue
items
we
discussed
in
the
previous
slide.
We
continue
to
deliver
on
the
cost
savings,
which
contributed
£5.8
million,
including
savings
related
to
the
closure
of
the
Bellshill
site
and
ongoing
manufacturing
initiatives
focused
on
sourcing
alternatives,
cost
reduction,
and
efficiency
programs.
This
was
more
than
enough
to
offset
inflationary
cost
pressures
driven
by
labor
costs
and
raw
material
input
costs,
which
were
£4.7
million.
OpEx
increased
by
£3.1
million
and
includes
an
increase
in
our
investment
in
new
product
development
to
drive
further
growth
as
well
as
higher
bonus
accrual
and
accounting
charge for
the
three-year
performance
share
awards
as
the
group
performance
improved.
Taking
account
of
these
factors,
constant
currency
underlying
profit
increased
13%
to
£46
million
with
constant
currency
margin
increasing
110
basis
points
to
17.6%.
We
saw
a
gross
£7.1
million
of
negative
foreign
exchange
movement,
which
was
offset
by
£3.1
million
hedging
gains,
which
will
not
repeat
in
2022. The
net
impact
of
the
hedging
was £4
million
negative
foreign
exchange
movement.
So,
let's
now
move
on
to
the
detailed
financial
review
and
start
by
looking
at
the
key
P&L
lines.
We
have
covered
some
of
the
detail
on
previous
slides.
A
few
highlights
to
call
out,
our
statutory
operating
profit,
which
was
at
18%
as
a
result
of
positive
exceptional
items
driven
by
the
sale
of
the
Bellshill
site.
Finance
costs
now include
pension
interest
going
forward,
which
were
previously
adjusted
in
APMs. Interest
costs
were
down
25%
to
£5.1
million.
The
decrease
is
primarily
due
to
the
repayment
of
the
$25
million
PSP
in
April
2021
and
increased
level
of
cash
on
hand
during
the
year.
The
group's
tax
charge for the
year
was
£6.7
million,
which
represents
an
effective
tax
rate
of
18.2%,
which
includes
a
one-off
impact
of
the
revaluation
of
the
UK
deferred
tax
asset
given
the
corporate
tax
rate
change
of
19%
to
25%.
Excluding
this
one-off
impact,
the
underlying
ETR would
have
been
22.4%.
Underlying
basic
earnings
per
share
was
£0.181,
up
15%
due
to
higher
underlying
operating
profit
and
lower
tax
and
financing
charges.
Looking
at
the
cash
flow
for
the
year,
the
group
delivered
particularly
strong
cash
generation.
The
group
made
substantial
working
capital
improvements
of
£6.7
million
due
to
lower
finished
goods
inventories
and
higher
trade
payables.
Capital
expenditure
in
2021
was
£15.9
million,
up
£1.7
million
on
2020.
But
spend
was
lower
than
guidance
due
to
COVID-19
limiting
access
to
sites.
We
continue
to
make
good
progress
on
the
capacity
projects
in
Czech
and
China
as
we
invest
to
facilitate
future
growth.
The
net
cash
exceptional
inflow
of
£2.8
million
relates
to
the
sale
of
our
Bellshill
site.
Tax
payments
of
£10.6
million
were
higher
than
the
prior
year
due
to
increased
profits
and
timing
of
payments.
The
group
generated
a
very
strong
£36
million
of
free
cash
flow,
which
was
the
highest
in
at
least
the
last
decade.
The
group
has
made
significant
progress
over
the
last
five
years
in
improving
its
leverage,
reducing
the
net
debt
and
improving
the
covenant
ratio.
Covenant
net
debt
at
the
31st
of
December
2021
reduced
to
£88.6
million
from
£109.5
million
as
at
December
2020.
The
covenant
net
debt
EBITDA
ratio
improved
to
1.4
times
as
compared
to
1.8
times
at
December 2020.
This is
a
very
pleasing
result
and
given
the
group's
good
leverage
and
strong
cash
generation
gives
options
going
forward
of
investing
in
further
growth,
returning
increased
dividends
to
shareholders
and
further
reducing
net
debt.
If
we
now
turn
to
Devro's
pension
deficit
where,
again,
the
group
has
made
significant
progress
over
the
past
five years.
The group
net pension
obligations decreased
to
£36.2 million
at
the
31st
of
December 2021
from
£55.2 million
at
the
31st
of
December
2020. This
is primarily
due
to
contributions
made
during
the
year,
as
well
as
an
increase
in discount
rates
positively
impacting
the
valuation
of
the
UK
and US
scheme
liabilities.
The
triennial
review
of
the
UK
scheme
was
completed
in
April
2021.
Looking
forward,
given
circa
£7
million
contributions
per
annum,
the
group
expects
to
close
the
deficits
within
the
next
five
years,
subject
to
market
conditions.
As
with
previous
years,
we've,
once
again,
included
some
detailed
modeling
guidance
on
slide
11.
Rutger
will
cover
a
slide
on
2022 inflation
and
pricing
guidance
late
in
the
presentation.
For
CapEx,
the
group
is
likely
to
spend
above
depreciation
in
2022
as
the
group
invests
in
additional
capacity
in
China
and
Czech
sites. Please
do
contact
us
if
you
have
any
questions
with
regards
to any
of
the
guidance.
Back to you, Rutger.
R
Rutger A. Helbing
Thank
you,
Rohan,
and
let
me
start
my
section
with
a
review
of
our
performance
in
2021
in
our
emerging
and
mature
markets.
In
2021,
we
had
another
year
of
robust
growth
in
our
emerging
markets,
with
volume
growth
of
7%,
positive
price/mix,
contributing
1%,
and
the
share
of
our
emerging
markets
of
our
group's
revenue
increasing
from
28%
to
29%.
The
growth
continued
to
be
driven
by
Latin
America
and
Southeast
Asia,
with
both
very
strong
double-digit
growth
rates.
In
LatAm, we
continued
to
benefit
from
recent
customer
wins
in
Brazil,
but
also
new
products
in
Mexico
and
distribution
gains
in
Honduras
and
Chile.
In
Asia,
we
saw
strong
performance
in
Thailand, as well
as Indonesia
building
further momentum
in
the region.
This
was partly
offset
by
lower
volumes
in
Russia
and
more
volatile
markets
where
we
were
impacted
by
FX
headwinds
after
a
strong
2020.
We
are
watching
the
events
in
Russia
and
Ukraine,
which
regrettably
now
has
turned
into
a
war
between
those
countries.
We're
continually
monitoring
these
developments
to
evaluate
the
impact
on
the
business,
our
partners,
and
most
importantly,
our
employees
and
the
communities
we
operate
in
and
are
committed
to
supporting
those
through
those
unsettling
times.
Volumes
in
China
in
2021
were
marginally
lower
as
we
prioritized
demand
in
higher-priced
regions,
and
this
is
part
of
our
strategy.
Let
me
now
move
to
our
performance
in
mature
markets. In
2021,
we
returned
to
growth
in
our
mature
markets
with
volumes
up
4%
and
positive
price/mix
of
1%.
North
America
continues
to
be
the
key
driver
of
growth
with
volumes
up
20%,
more
than
double
the
growth
we
saw
in
2020.
The
snacking
category
continues
to
grow
and
we
continue
to
capitalize
on
this
trend
with
our
strong
market
position
and
further
customer
wins.
In
the
year,
we
also
saw
Continental
Europe
return
to
growth
after
a
softer
year
in
2020
impacted
by
COVID
and
distributor
destocking.
And
whilst
market
circumstances
remain
challenging
in
UK
and
Ireland
and
Australia
and New
Zealand,
we
saw
an
improved
momentum
in
the
second
half.
Before
I
move
on
to
how
we
are
progressing
in
the
next
step of
our
growth
journey,
let
me
talk
about
inflation
expectations
for
2022
and
how
we
are
mitigating
those.
It
is clear
we
currently
operate
in
a
high
inflationary
environment
and
it
also
impacts
Devro.
Our
overall
aim
is
to
implement
targeted
price
increases
to
offset
the
impact
of
inflation
and
protect
our
profitability.
Like
most
companies,
we
are
facing
significant
price
increases
mainly
in
energy,
chemicals,
packaging
and
transport.
The
impact
of
energy
increases
will
be
greater
in
the
second
half
of
2022
when
our
hedging
rolls
off.
And
whilst
the
high
inflation
categories
do
impact
our
cost
base,
it
is
important
to
understand
that
more
than
half
of
our
cost
of
goods
sold
are made
up
from
labor
and
high
costs
and
inflation
in
those
categories
are
expected
to
be
more
modest
and
we
are
seeing
that
currently.
To
mitigate
the
impact
of
rising
cost,
we
started
with
targeted
price
increases
in
the
second
half
of 2021
and
continue
this
into
2022.
These
price
increases
are
sticking,
and
as
we
said,
expect
– those
increases
are
expected
to
offset
current
inflation
headwinds.
With
higher
price
increases,
we
expect
higher
revenues.
But
as
we
aim
to
protect
short-term
absolute
profit,
percentage
operating
margins
are
expected
to
be
held
back
despite
continued
benefit
on
margin
from
operational
improvements.
Having
provided
an
overview
of
how
we
are
impacted
by
inflation
and
what
our
mitigating
actions
are,
we
feel
we
are
well-placed.
Let
me
now
move
to
the
next
step
in
Devro's
growth
journey.
As
said,
I'm
very
pleased
with
the
financial
and
strategic
performance
and
see
room
for
further
progress
given
the
momentum
we
have
created.
The
group
has
been
relentlessly
focused
on
plans
and
processes
to
help
our
people
to
deliver
sustainable
growth.
Guided
by
our
3C
strategy,
we
now
have
delivered
firm
foundations
for
sustainable
growth.
And
with
that,
we
are
ready
for
our
next
step,
embedding
and
accelerating
our
growth,
but
also
broadening
the
business
by
integrating
our
purpose,
vision,
mission
and
values
in
a
newly
evolved
3C
strategy.
Our
purpose
is
to
create
the
added
layer
of
value
together,
responsibly,
better
with
our
vision
to
be
our
customers'
partner
delivering
the
added
layer
of
value
with
high
quality
edible
films
and
coatings,
and
our
mission
to
sustainably
utilize
differentiated
technology
and
biomaterial
science-based
solutions
to
delight
our
customers.
Finally,
our
values
represent
how
we
want
to
drive
performance
and
deliver
on
our
purpose,
vision,
mission
and
strategy.
What
it
means
to
be
Devro?
Our
values
are
curious,
courageous,
committed,
connected
and
caring.
We
are
focused
today
through
our
3C
strategy
on
winning
with
the
winning
customers,
maximizing
the
core
profitability
drivers
and
strengthening
competencies.
These
3Cs
serves
us
well,
delivering
firm
foundations
for
sustainable
growth.
But
now,
with
our
new
purpose
and
as
part
of
the
next
step
in
our
growth
journey,
we've
further
evolved
our
3C
strategy.
In
our
evolved
3C
strategy,
the
customer
remains
central
to
our
strategy
with
our
winning
value
proposition
of
delivering
an
excellent
customer
experience.
New
to
the
framework
is
culture.
Recognizing
that
delivering
on
our
safety
and
sustainability
commitments
is
at
the
heart
of
what
we
do
and
that
living
our
values
will
enable
us
to
execute
our
strategy
successfully.
And
lastly,
we
have
expanded
competencies
to
capability
to
incorporate
our
focus
on
leveraging
and
developing
differentiated
technologies
to
drive
growth.
Now it's
not
directly
reflected
in
our
3Cs
strategy
going
forward,
core
profitability
will
continue
to
be
at
the
heart
of
what
we
do
that
is
now
an
integral
part
of
how
we
manage
the
business
through
our
Integrated
Business
Planning
process.
So,
our
new
3Cs
strategy
framework
is
aligned
to
our
purpose,
delivering
excellent
customer
experience
together
with
a culture
committed
to
sustainable
performance,
responsibly,
underpinned
by
leading
capabilities
better.
All
of our
initiatives
are
now
clearly
mapped
to
these
3Cs
and
the
strategic
priorities.
Within
the customer,
our
strategic
priorities
are
to
provide
excellent
customer
experience
in
the
leading
portfolio
of
edible
films
and
coatings.
Some
of
the
key
initiatives
related
to
these
are
our
go-to
market
plans
and
our
research
and
development
activities
focused
on
expanding
our
category
plans
and
country
initiatives.
It
also
include
initiatives
aimed
at
broadening
our
business
through
the
development
of
alternative
technologies
and
exploration
of
other
applications
for
our
edible
collagen
films
and
coatings
outside
of
our
current
core
markets.
These
exciting
initiatives
will
have
a
limited
revenue
impact
on
our
2022
results
that
are
important
for
the
long-term
direction
and
scope
of
the
business.
In
terms of
culture,
our
strategic
priorities
are
to
continue
to
have
sustainability
at
the
core
of
what
we
do
and
live
our
values
to
enable
a
culture
that
drives
performance.
As
we
shared
with
you
at
our ESG
investor
seminar
in
September
last
year,
sustainability
is
part
of
our
heritage
and
in
our
DNA.
From
the
start,
we
have
practiced
circular
thinking.
The
business
is
built
upon
using
by-products
from
slaughterhouses
that
otherwise
would
have
been
disposed
of.
And,
through
our
unique
process,
convert
those
into
edible
products
that
provides
affordable,
nutritious
protein
to
the
world.
Our
commitment
to
sustainability
has
only
been
further
strengthened
with
our
purpose.
And
as
it
is
part
of
our
DNA,
we
see
it
very
much
as
an
opportunity
and
an
accelerator
for
innovation
and
business
choices.
And,
lastly,
with
our
capabilities
part
of
the
framework,
we
aim
to
leverage
and
develop
differentiated
technologies
and
achieve
performance
excellence.
Key
initiatives
here
are
driving
standardized
global
processes
like
IBP
and
when
well-established
systemized
those
as
much
as
possible
to
improve
efficiencies.
Performance
excellence
also
involves
learning
and
development
and
our
leading
leadership
training
program.
And
we
leverage
and
develop
our
technologies
and
our
supply
chain,
for
example,
through
our
process, best
practice
teams.
So,
with
this
new
framework
fully
aligned
with
our
purpose,
it
will
help
to
guide
us
in
the
next
step
of
our
growth
journey.
Now,
I
would
like
in
the
following
slides
to
provide
a
quick
update
on
how
our
sustainability
journey
is
progressing
and
how
our
manufacturing
footprint
and
capital
allocation
support
the
growth
ambitions.
This
slide
is
summarizing
our
sustainability
goals,
targets,
and
commitments
to
be
a
net
zero
company
by
2050. Since
our
investor
seminar
in
September,
we've
made
good
progress.
In
further
detailing
our
climate,
water,
and
waste
road
map,
we've
focused
on
first
delivering
our
2025
and
2030
targets.
As
part
of
that,
we've
already
approved
investments
in
solar
panels
for
our
Nantong
site.
We have
appointed
a
group
sustainability
manager
and
established
the
sustainability
committee
that
I
chair
and
engaged
with
all
site management
teams
through
a road
show.
And
in
terms of
the
people
and communities
agenda,
we
agreed
a new
three-year
health
and
safety
road map
and
we also
agreed diversity
and inclusion
initiatives
for
2022,
as
well
as
those
focused
on
engaging
further
with
our
communities.
So,
a
lot
of
activities,
and
we
will
continue
to
keep
you
informed
about progress.
But
let
me
now
move
to
how
our
global
manufacturing
footprint
continue
to
support
our
growth
journey.
As
you
know,
we
have
well
invested
an
efficient
global
manufacturing
footprint
that
supports
our
growth
ambition.
With
our
Integrated
Business
Planning
process,
we
have
a
36-month
rolling
forecast
and
that
enhances
our
ability
to
make
better
informed
decisions
regarding
investments
to
support
growth.
As
such,
in
2021,
we
decided
to
further
expand
our
existing
capacity
through
line
upgrades
in
both
our
Czech
and
Chinese
plants.
These
investments
are
modest
there
and
generate
returns
on
investments
in
excess
of
20%.
These
current
investments
will
increase
global
capacity
by
about
5%,
and
we
can
add
another
25%
through
line
upgrades
within
the
current
framework.
We
need
this
investment
to
meet
our
growth
momentum.
Furthermore,
our
plants
have
good
global
reach
and
continue
to
deliver
performance
improvements
and,
in
2021,
delivered
another
£5.8
million
of
cost
savings.
Let
me
now
move
to
how
capital
deployment
supports
our
growth,
but
also
progressive
dividends.
We
have
a
clear
strategy
to
deliver
sustainable
growth,
both
in
our
historic
core
markets,
but
also
through
broadening
our
business
with
the
development
of
alternative
technologies
and exploration
of
other
applications
for
our
edible
collagen
films
and
coatings.
To
enable
this
organic
growth,
we
will
allocate
capital
into the
growth
investments
yielding
high
returns
within
the
current
footprint,
continue
to
invest
in
product
development
to
help
gain
market
share,
as
well
as
to
develop
alternative
technologies
and
invest
in
related
processes
and
systems
to
support
the
sustainable
growth.
With
our
growth
and
strong
free
cash
generation,
we
will
also
be
able
to
provide
a
progressive
dividend
and
have
the
ability
to
consider
acquiring
accretive
strategically
aligned
businesses.
To
be
clear,
we
are
in
the
early
stages
of
exploring
M&A,
but
we
will
consider
and
pursue
when
appropriate.
Let
me
now
finish
with
some
closing
remarks
and
the
outlook
for
2022.
2021
has
been
the
best
year
in
a
decade
with
significant
strategic
and
financial
progress.
There
continue
to
be
challenging
market
conditions,
including
inflationary
headwinds,
but
we
have
mitigating
actions,
including
pricing,
and
are
well-positioned
to
deal
with
those.
With
our
strong
free
cash
flow
generation
and
capital
allocation
framework,
we
can
invest
in
new
products
and
technologies,
as
well
as
in capacity
within
our
current
footprint
to
support
our
growth
strategy,
whilst
also
continuing
to
grow
the dividend.
We
started
the
year
well,
and
despite
the
macroeconomic
headwinds
and
based
on
current
exchange
rate,
we
expect
to
make
good
progress
in 2022
and
beyond.
And
with
that,
I'd
like
to
finish
this
audio-cast
covering
our
full
year
results
for
the
year
ended
31st
of
December,
2021.
Good morning, and welcome to this audio-cast covering our full-year results for the year ended December 31, 2021. I will start the presentation with the highlights of the year and then hand over to Rohan for the financial review. After this section, I will take you through a review of the 2021 performance in our emerging and mature markets, an update on the 2022 outlook including what we are doing to proactively manage inflation, and how we are progressing with our next step in the Devro growth journey including an update on capital allocation. I will finish this morning's presentation with some concluding remarks.
But let me start with the full year highlights. I'm very pleased with the 2021 performance which shows that our growth strategy is working and where we delivered significant improved financial performance in what was still a year with challenging market conditions. In 2021, we grew our constant currency revenue by 5%, the best performance in the last decade and ahead of volume growth in edible casings with a positive contribution from pricing based on our value-based selling approach.
Edible casings full year growth was just below 5% and accelerated in the second half and for the year, both strong growth in emerging, plus 7%, and mature markets, plus 4%. Revenue growth combined with our continued ability to deliver cost savings and despite inflationary pressures resulted in constant currency operating profit growth of 13%.
We had another year of strong free cash generation delivering a reduction in net debt by over £20 million to below £90 million. Given the strong financial performance and with the growth strategy delivering, the board proposes an increase in the final dividend to £0.065, bringing the full year dividend to £0.093, a 3% increase on the prior year.
But let me now first handover to Rohan for the financial review.
Thank you, Rutger, and good morning, everybody. As Rutger mentioned, 2021 delivered strong top line revenue growth and free cash flow generation, leading to a significant reduction in net debt. I will start today's presentation by focusing on the key financial highlights for 2021.
Constant currency revenue was up 5.4% to £261.1 million driven by strong volume growth through market share gains, together with positive pricing and improved mix, reflecting the continued success in the execution of our growth strategy. Reported revenue was up 2% to £252.4 million, reflecting £8.7 million of foreign exchange headwinds. Constant currency underlying operating profit was up 13% to £46 million with reported underlying operating profit up 3% to £42 million after reflecting £4 million of foreign exchange headwinds. Underlying profit before tax was up 9%, including the change in accounting treatment for pension finance costs. The underlying basic earnings per share was £0.181, a 15% increase.
We continue to see strong cash generation with free cash flows up to £35.6 million versus prior year of £22.5 million. There was further improvement in balance sheet leverage with covenant net debt to EBITDA ending at 1.4 times, which is significantly lower than June 2021 of 1.6 times and December 2020 of 1.8 times.
Given the group's financial position, strong trading performance and outlook, the board has proposed an increased final dividend of £0.065, representing a full year dividend of £0.093, up 3% on the prior year.
Let me now give you more detail on group revenue. Volumes of edible collagen casings were up 4.9%. Emerging market volume was up 7%, driven by Southeast Asia and Latin America. Mature market volume was up 4%, driven by strong growth in North America and pleasing growth in Europe, offset by weaker market conditions in UK and Ireland and Australia. We saw positive price during the year with further price increases being [ph] passed (04:34) in the latter part of the year to offset inflationary pressures. The positive mix was driven by better product mix and improved geographical mix as we continue to gain market share in North America.
Other products were largely flat year-on-year. We saw a gross £11.8 million negative foreign exchange headwind mainly due to the strengthening of the sterling against the US dollar and Japanese yen. This was offset by £3.1 million hedging gain which will not repeat in 2022. The net impact after the hedging was £8.7 million negative foreign exchange movements. It is worth noting the accelerated growth momentum, which was 7% in the second half of the year versus [ph] 50% (05:22) in the first half.
Looking at underlying operating profit and, in this slide, we bridged the main movements for the year. The first three bars of this waterfall show the operating profit impact of the revenue items we discussed in the previous slide. We continue to deliver on the cost savings, which contributed £5.8 million, including savings related to the closure of the Bellshill site and ongoing manufacturing initiatives focused on sourcing alternatives, cost reduction, and efficiency programs. This was more than enough to offset inflationary cost pressures driven by labor costs and raw material input costs, which were £4.7 million. OpEx increased by £3.1 million and includes an increase in our investment in new product development to drive further growth as well as higher bonus accrual and accounting charge for the three-year performance share awards as the group performance improved.
Taking account of these factors, constant currency underlying profit increased 13% to £46 million with constant currency margin increasing 110 basis points to 17.6%. We saw a gross £7.1 million of negative foreign exchange movement, which was offset by £3.1 million hedging gains, which will not repeat in 2022. The net impact of the hedging was £4 million negative foreign exchange movement.
So, let's now move on to the detailed financial review and start by looking at the key P&L lines. We have covered some of the detail on previous slides. A few highlights to call out, our statutory operating profit, which was at 18% as a result of positive exceptional items driven by the sale of the Bellshill site. Finance costs now include pension interest going forward, which were previously adjusted in APMs. Interest costs were down 25% to £5.1 million. The decrease is primarily due to the repayment of the $25 million PSP in April 2021 and increased level of cash on hand during the year.
The group's tax charge for the year was £6.7 million, which represents an effective tax rate of 18.2%, which includes a one-off impact of the revaluation of the UK deferred tax asset given the corporate tax rate change of 19% to 25%. Excluding this one-off impact, the underlying ETR would have been 22.4%. Underlying basic earnings per share was £0.181, up 15% due to higher underlying operating profit and lower tax and financing charges.
Looking at the cash flow for the year, the group delivered particularly strong cash generation. The group made substantial working capital improvements of £6.7 million due to lower finished goods inventories and higher trade payables. Capital expenditure in 2021 was £15.9 million, up £1.7 million on 2020. But spend was lower than guidance due to COVID-19 limiting access to sites. We continue to make good progress on the capacity projects in Czech and China as we invest to facilitate future growth. The net cash exceptional inflow of £2.8 million relates to the sale of our Bellshill site. Tax payments of £10.6 million were higher than the prior year due to increased profits and timing of payments.
The group generated a very strong £36 million of free cash flow, which was the highest in at least the last decade. The group has made significant progress over the last five years in improving its leverage, reducing the net debt and improving the covenant ratio. Covenant net debt at the 31st of December 2021 reduced to £88.6 million from £109.5 million as at December 2020. The covenant net debt EBITDA ratio improved to 1.4 times as compared to 1.8 times at December 2020. This is a very pleasing result and given the group's good leverage and strong cash generation gives options going forward of investing in further growth, returning increased dividends to shareholders and further reducing net debt.
If we now turn to Devro's pension deficit where, again, the group has made significant progress over the past five years. The group net pension obligations decreased to £36.2 million at the 31st of December 2021 from £55.2 million at the 31st of December 2020. This is primarily due to contributions made during the year, as well as an increase in discount rates positively impacting the valuation of the UK and US scheme liabilities. The triennial review of the UK scheme was completed in April 2021.
Looking forward, given circa £7 million contributions per annum, the group expects to close the deficits within the next five years, subject to market conditions. As with previous years, we've, once again, included some detailed modeling guidance on slide 11. Rutger will cover a slide on 2022 inflation and pricing guidance late in the presentation.
For CapEx, the group is likely to spend above depreciation in 2022 as the group invests in additional capacity in China and Czech sites. Please do contact us if you have any questions with regards to any of the guidance.
Back to you, Rutger.
Thank you, Rohan, and let me start my section with a review of our performance in 2021 in our emerging and mature markets.
In 2021, we had another year of robust growth in our emerging markets, with volume growth of 7%, positive price/mix, contributing 1%, and the share of our emerging markets of our group's revenue increasing from 28% to 29%. The growth continued to be driven by Latin America and Southeast Asia, with both very strong double-digit growth rates. In LatAm, we continued to benefit from recent customer wins in Brazil, but also new products in Mexico and distribution gains in Honduras and Chile. In Asia, we saw strong performance in Thailand, as well as Indonesia building further momentum in the region. This was partly offset by lower volumes in Russia and more volatile markets where we were impacted by FX headwinds after a strong 2020.
We are watching the events in Russia and Ukraine, which regrettably now has turned into a war between those countries. We're continually monitoring these developments to evaluate the impact on the business, our partners, and most importantly, our employees and the communities we operate in and are committed to supporting those through those unsettling times.
Volumes in China in 2021 were marginally lower as we prioritized demand in higher-priced regions, and this is part of our strategy.
Let me now move to our performance in mature markets. In 2021, we returned to growth in our mature markets with volumes up 4% and positive price/mix of 1%. North America continues to be the key driver of growth with volumes up 20%, more than double the growth we saw in 2020. The snacking category continues to grow and we continue to capitalize on this trend with our strong market position and further customer wins. In the year, we also saw Continental Europe return to growth after a softer year in 2020 impacted by COVID and distributor destocking. And whilst market circumstances remain challenging in UK and Ireland and Australia and New Zealand, we saw an improved momentum in the second half.
Before I move on to how we are progressing in the next step of our growth journey, let me talk about inflation expectations for 2022 and how we are mitigating those. It is clear we currently operate in a high inflationary environment and it also impacts Devro. Our overall aim is to implement targeted price increases to offset the impact of inflation and protect our profitability. Like most companies, we are facing significant price increases mainly in energy, chemicals, packaging and transport. The impact of energy increases will be greater in the second half of 2022 when our hedging rolls off. And whilst the high inflation categories do impact our cost base, it is important to understand that more than half of our cost of goods sold are made up from labor and high costs and inflation in those categories are expected to be more modest and we are seeing that currently.
To mitigate the impact of rising cost, we started with targeted price increases in the second half of 2021 and continue this into 2022. These price increases are sticking, and as we said, expect – those increases are expected to offset current inflation headwinds. With higher price increases, we expect higher revenues. But as we aim to protect short-term absolute profit, percentage operating margins are expected to be held back despite continued benefit on margin from operational improvements. Having provided an overview of how we are impacted by inflation and what our mitigating actions are, we feel we are well-placed.
Let me now move to the next step in Devro's growth journey. As said, I'm very pleased with the financial and strategic performance and see room for further progress given the momentum we have created. The group has been relentlessly focused on plans and processes to help our people to deliver sustainable growth. Guided by our 3C strategy, we now have delivered firm foundations for sustainable growth. And with that, we are ready for our next step, embedding and accelerating our growth, but also broadening the business by integrating our purpose, vision, mission and values in a newly evolved 3C strategy.
Our purpose is to create the added layer of value together, responsibly, better with our vision to be our customers' partner delivering the added layer of value with high quality edible films and coatings, and our mission to sustainably utilize differentiated technology and biomaterial science-based solutions to delight our customers. Finally, our values represent how we want to drive performance and deliver on our purpose, vision, mission and strategy.
What it means to be Devro? Our values are curious, courageous, committed, connected and caring. We are focused today through our 3C strategy on winning with the winning customers, maximizing the core profitability drivers and strengthening competencies. These 3Cs serves us well, delivering firm foundations for sustainable growth.
But now, with our new purpose and as part of the next step in our growth journey, we've further evolved our 3C strategy. In our evolved 3C strategy, the customer remains central to our strategy with our winning value proposition of delivering an excellent customer experience. New to the framework is culture. Recognizing that delivering on our safety and sustainability commitments is at the heart of what we do and that living our values will enable us to execute our strategy successfully.
And lastly, we have expanded competencies to capability to incorporate our focus on leveraging and developing differentiated technologies to drive growth. Now it's not directly reflected in our 3Cs strategy going forward, core profitability will continue to be at the heart of what we do that is now an integral part of how we manage the business through our Integrated Business Planning process. So, our new 3Cs strategy framework is aligned to our purpose, delivering excellent customer experience together with a culture committed to sustainable performance, responsibly, underpinned by leading capabilities better. All of our initiatives are now clearly mapped to these 3Cs and the strategic priorities.
Within the customer, our strategic priorities are to provide excellent customer experience in the leading portfolio of edible films and coatings. Some of the key initiatives related to these are our go-to market plans and our research and development activities focused on expanding our category plans and country initiatives. It also include initiatives aimed at broadening our business through the development of alternative technologies and exploration of other applications for our edible collagen films and coatings outside of our current core markets. These exciting initiatives will have a limited revenue impact on our 2022 results that are important for the long-term direction and scope of the business.
In terms of culture, our strategic priorities are to continue to have sustainability at the core of what we do and live our values to enable a culture that drives performance. As we shared with you at our ESG investor seminar in September last year, sustainability is part of our heritage and in our DNA. From the start, we have practiced circular thinking. The business is built upon using by-products from slaughterhouses that otherwise would have been disposed of. And, through our unique process, convert those into edible products that provides affordable, nutritious protein to the world. Our commitment to sustainability has only been further strengthened with our purpose. And as it is part of our DNA, we see it very much as an opportunity and an accelerator for innovation and business choices.
And, lastly, with our capabilities part of the framework, we aim to leverage and develop differentiated technologies and achieve performance excellence. Key initiatives here are driving standardized global processes like IBP and when well-established systemized those as much as possible to improve efficiencies. Performance excellence also involves learning and development and our leading leadership training program. And we leverage and develop our technologies and our supply chain, for example, through our process, best practice teams. So, with this new framework fully aligned with our purpose, it will help to guide us in the next step of our growth journey.
Now, I would like in the following slides to provide a quick update on how our sustainability journey is progressing and how our manufacturing footprint and capital allocation support the growth ambitions. This slide is summarizing our sustainability goals, targets, and commitments to be a net zero company by 2050. Since our investor seminar in September, we've made good progress. In further detailing our climate, water, and waste road map, we've focused on first delivering our 2025 and 2030 targets. As part of that, we've already approved investments in solar panels for our Nantong site. We have appointed a group sustainability manager and established the sustainability committee that I chair and engaged with all site management teams through a road show.
And in terms of the people and communities agenda, we agreed a new three-year health and safety road map and we also agreed diversity and inclusion initiatives for 2022, as well as those focused on engaging further with our communities. So, a lot of activities, and we will continue to keep you informed about progress.
But let me now move to how our global manufacturing footprint continue to support our growth journey. As you know, we have well invested an efficient global manufacturing footprint that supports our growth ambition. With our Integrated Business Planning process, we have a 36-month rolling forecast and that enhances our ability to make better informed decisions regarding investments to support growth. As such, in 2021, we decided to further expand our existing capacity through line upgrades in both our Czech and Chinese plants. These investments are modest there and generate returns on investments in excess of 20%.
These current investments will increase global capacity by about 5%, and we can add another 25% through line upgrades within the current framework. We need this investment to meet our growth momentum. Furthermore, our plants have good global reach and continue to deliver performance improvements and, in 2021, delivered another £5.8 million of cost savings.
Let me now move to how capital deployment supports our growth, but also progressive dividends. We have a clear strategy to deliver sustainable growth, both in our historic core markets, but also through broadening our business with the development of alternative technologies and exploration of other applications for our edible collagen films and coatings.
To enable this organic growth, we will allocate capital into the growth investments yielding high returns within the current footprint, continue to invest in product development to help gain market share, as well as to develop alternative technologies and invest in related processes and systems to support the sustainable growth.
With our growth and strong free cash generation, we will also be able to provide a progressive dividend and have the ability to consider acquiring accretive strategically aligned businesses. To be clear, we are in the early stages of exploring M&A, but we will consider and pursue when appropriate.
Let me now finish with some closing remarks and the outlook for 2022. 2021 has been the best year in a decade with significant strategic and financial progress. There continue to be challenging market conditions, including inflationary headwinds, but we have mitigating actions, including pricing, and are well-positioned to deal with those. With our strong free cash flow generation and capital allocation framework, we can invest in new products and technologies, as well as in capacity within our current footprint to support our growth strategy, whilst also continuing to grow the dividend. We started the year well, and despite the macroeconomic headwinds and based on current exchange rate, we expect to make good progress in 2022 and beyond.
And with that, I'd like to finish this audio-cast covering our full year results for the year ended 31st of December, 2021.