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Intrinsic Value is all-important and is the only logical way to evaluate the relative attractiveness of investments and businesses.
Intrinsic Value is all-important and is the only logical way to evaluate the relative attractiveness of investments and businesses.
Hi, everyone. Welcome to the Confluent Q4 2022 Earnings Conference Call. I'm Shane Xie from Investor Relations, and I'm joined by Jay Kreps, Co-Founder and CEO; and Steffan Tomlinson, CFO.
During today's call, management will make forward-looking statements regarding our business, operations, financial performance and future prospects, including statements regarding our financial guidance for the fiscal first quarter of 2023 and fiscal year 2023. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by these statements. Further information on risk factors that could cause actual results to differ is included in our most recent Form 10-Q filed with the SEC.
We assume no obligation to update these statements after today's call, except as required by law. Unless stated otherwise, certain financial measures used on today's call are expressed on a non-GAAP basis and all comparisons are on a year-over-year basis. We use these non-GAAP financials measure internally to facility analysis of our financial and business trends and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. These non-GAAP financial measures have limitations and should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation between these GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures is included in our earnings press release and supplemental financials, which can be found on our Investor Relations website at investors.confluent.io.
References to profitability on today's call refer to non-GAAP operating margin unless stated otherwise. For planning purposes, we will be holding Investor Day 2023 in New York City on Tuesday, June 13. Please save the date.
With that, I'll hand the call over to Jay.
Thanks, Shane. Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to our fourth quarter earnings call.
We ended fiscal year 2022 with fourth quarter results once again exceeding the high end of our guidance on all metrics. Total revenue grew 41% to $169 million. Confluent Cloud revenue grew 102% to $68 million, and non-GAAP operating margin has improved 20 percentage points. We're pleased with these results, especially in light of the macroeconomic pressure we saw in the quarter.
On today's call, I wanted to provide an update on how the macroeconomic environment is impacting our business, how we're adjusting for it and how we continue to drive innovation and differentiation and capture the massive market opportunity ahead. I'll start with a few things that haven't changed.
As we've discussed in previous earnings calls, we began seeing customers institute additional budget inspection in pockets across geographies in June, and this dynamic has continued. The main impact on our business has been elongated deal cycles with customers. Our overall win rate remains robust, our pricing is steady, and we have been able to close a substantial amount of deals pushed from prior quarters. This is quite encouraging because it reflects the strong vote of confidence by our customers and the strategic value and cost savings our platform brings to them.
Now here's what has changed. The increased level of budget scrutiny appears to have become the new norm. More deals took longer to get approval and some expansions were slower than in the past. This is evident in the number of deals that pushed to calendar 2023, which impacted our RPO growth and net retention rate in the fourth quarter.
While the vast majority of the deals are still in our deal path, this does indicate that increased scrutiny continues to exert pressure on large deals and new business. We think that this combination of higher interest rates and economic uncertainty puts pressure on the purchasing environment. The result is a substantially different environment for tech than what we were operating a year ago. We are setting our plans for 2023 in light of this and making some changes in how we operate. We have taken steps to adjust our cost structure to accelerate our time to profitability by one year, while still maintaining approximately 30% revenue growth.
Specifically, we've undertaken a restructuring of our workforce, optimizing for top strategic priorities and high ROI business areas. This includes a reduction of our workforce by approximately 8%. We're also taking steps to rationalize our discretionary spend and real estate footprint. We don't take the decision to restructure our workforce slightly. We're saying goodbye to many friends and colleagues across the company. We thank them for their important contributions to Confluent, and are making sure that the departing team members are taken care of.
I want to be clear that we're making this change without reducing our focus on the long term. It's essential that Confluent dominate the $60 billion market in front of us, and the cuts we have made do not compromise that ambition. While the restructuring will help streamline sales and marketing spend, we're preserving quota-carrying capacity and continuing to prudently invest in our go-to-market to drive new business and durable growth in the years ahead.
We will also continue to support appropriate levels of R&D investment to ensure our product is the long-term winner in our space. Despite the difficulty of the change, the resulting efficiency allows us to pull in our target of non-GAAP operating margin breakeven by 12 months. This means that exiting Q4 of this year, we will have shown a 41 point increase in non-GAAP operating margin in just 24 months.
Exiting 2023, less than one year from now, we will be a market leader in a deeply strategic space, operating a profitable business and driving sustained high growth in a very large market. This market leadership is driven by our platform differentiation and the significant TCO advantages we deliver to our customers. To better illustrate that, let me share our customer story.
Wix is the leading website development platform in the world, which in turn serves around 1 billion unique visitors each month. Data streaming is at the heart of many of the digital experiences their clients create from online bookings to e-commerce to personalized content. And Wix' data streaming journey, like so many others, began with open source Kafka. They quickly discovered, however, that the open-source approach required heavy DevOps resourcing and resulted in challenges with scale, time to market, reliability and latency.
Ultimately, they chose Confluent Cloud to mitigate risk, reduce costs and increase productivity. That migration quickly resulted in a 90% ROI. This is just one of many examples that shows the strength in the underlying demand for our data streaming platform. This is because Confluent serves operational workloads and are directly responsible for driving the core operations of our customers, making this a key element of a digital strategy going forward.
In fact, IDC projects that by 2025, event streaming technologies will be used by 90% of the Global 1000 to deliver real-time intelligence to improve outcomes such as customer experience. And in a separate study, IDC found that of the companies that are currently using streaming data, over 80% have plans to invest in new streaming capabilities in the next 12 to 18 months.
Today, our product is the category leader in data streaming platform technology, bar none. The key focus for us is ensuring we continue to stay ahead as this category grows and evolves. One critical element of these investments that I want to discuss today is stream processing, that is technology to enable our customers to build applications on top of the real-time data streams that Confluent provides.
A simple way to understand the importance of stream processing is by analogy to the world of data addressed in traditional databases. A database solves two problems. It acts as a store of data and it executes queries that process the data. This combination of data and processing is what a database is so easy and ubiquitous. A similar combination of capabilities is needed as we move from data at rest to data in motion.
In the world of data in motion, data isn't just start. It's a continual stream that updates as the world changes. The natural complement to this is stream processing. That is building applications that continuously update, react or respond to changes in the world. The core of Kafka acts to storage streams and to be a hub for connectivity, kind of like a central nervous system that transmits the real-time impulses of what's happening in the business.
Stream processing acts a bit like the brain, taking real-time action on the impulses the nervous system conveys. Increasingly, businesses of all kinds are leveraging stream processing to drive the data-driven applications that better serve customers and drive intelligence and efficiency in their operations.
Confluent has long contributed to the emerging stream processing ecosystem around Kafka with Kafka Streams, an application development library for stream processing and ksql. This quarter, we took a major step in furthering these capabilities with the acquisition of Immerok, a stream processing company that offers a fully managed service for the open source project, Apache Flink. Immerok has joined Confluent to help us add a fully managed link offering to Confluent Cloud.
This is a very exciting step for Confluent and I want to explain a little bit about our strategy in this area. We've watched the excitement around Flink grow for years. and saw it gaining adoption among many of the most sophisticated technology companies in the world, including Citi, Goldman Sachs, Pinterest, LinkedIn, Netflix, Uber and Apple. This popularity has been driven by a rich feature set, including a powerful processing model that generalizes both batch and stream processing. It is battle tested at scale on some of the largest real-time processing workloads on the planet.
And perhaps most importantly, it has an incredibly smart innovative community driving it forward. In short, we believe that Flink is the future of stream processing and by adding it to Confluent Cloud, we can significantly advance our data stream platform and help our customers get again more value from their data streams.
In terms of our product plans, we plan to launch the first version of our Flink offering in Confluent Cloud later this year. We want to follow the same key principles we've brought to our Kafka offering, building a service that is truly cloud native is a complete and fully integrated offering and is available everywhere across all the major clouds. We think this combination of an open popular interface offered with a deeply differentiated cloud-native core is the key to success for cloud data systems. We think that over time, this offering can be a substantial driver of growth in our business, comparable in size to Kafka itself.
Adding this new offering will allow us to better monetize the compute and application development around data streams in addition to the core stream data, expanding spend of existing customers. Further, by making streaming easier, we pull more workloads into our streaming platform. In addition, the processing of streams generates more streams, helping to accelerate the growth of our Kafka, connector and data governance products.
In this way, stream processing accelerates consumption in a multiplicative fashion, which we think will be a very positive tailwind for growth as these capabilities come to maturity. To help execute both this initiative as well as our overall product strategy, I'm pleased to announce that Sean Clowes joined Confluent last quarter as our Chief Product Officer. Sean joins us from MuleSoft, where he served as CPO. And before that, Atlassian, where he served as Head of Growth. Sean is a technologist passionate about the space and is the right person to lead the team through the data streaming error.
And finally, I'd like to share that Larry Shurtz has stepped down from his role as Chief Revenue Officer. Larry, we wish you all the best, and thank you for your many contributions in helping us scale and evolve our sales team. We will not be looking to backfill this role. Larry reported into Erica Schultz, our President of Field Operations, and we'll revert to our prior org structure with Erica managing the theater sales leaders directly.
In closing, the demand for data streaming remains strong. We've accelerated our plan to become profitable by the end of the year, and we'll continue to invest in building the data streaming platform that will become the central nervous system of every company.
And with that, I'll turn the call over to Steffan to walk through the financials.
Thanks, Jay. Good afternoon, everyone.
I'd like to start with a brief recap of the full year results. In fiscal year 2022, we accomplished our stated goals of driving high revenue growth and improving annual operating margin. Total revenue grew 51% to $585.9 million. Confluent Cloud revenue grew 124% to $211.2 million with substantially improved unit economics, and operating margin improved 11 points. I'd like to take a moment to thank all of our team members at Confluent our customers and partners for their contributions throughout the year.
Turning to the fourth quarter. As Jay mentioned, the results exceeded the high end of our guidance on all metrics, highlighted by strong revenue growth, Confluent Cloud momentum, robust customer additions and substantial margin improvements. These results are a testament to the mission-critical and strategic role of our data streaming platform and our proven ability to drive high growth while improving efficiencies and profitability in a challenging economic environment.
RPO for the fourth quarter grew 48% to $740.7 million. Current RPO, estimated to be 62% of RPO, was approximately $456.2 million, up 43%. Both metrics were lighter than we expected. In addition to what Jay discussed earlier, we saw less urgency by customers to sign deals in the last couple of weeks than we typically would see in a calendar primarily in our enterprise business as some customers evaluated macro and opted to delay their purchases to FY '23.
We didn't see any material changes in discounting, contract duration or win rates relative to the previous quarter and I'm pleased to report that a number of these Q4 push deals have closed in Q1, which points to the underlying demand for our solution.
Dollar-based net retention rate in the quarter was also healthy, just under 130%. The NRR for Cloud and hybrid were both comfortably above 130% with hybrid NRR continuing to be the highest. Gross retention rate remained strong and was above 90%, reflecting the strength of our product differentiation and TCO advantages against alternative solutions, including open source Kafka. New customer additions continue to rebound since our paywall removal in March. We added 290 net new customers during the quarter, ending at approximately 4,530 total customers, up 31%.
New customer additions were driven by Confluent Cloud. The growth in our large customer base was also robust. We added a record 70 customers with $100,000 or more in ARR in the quarter, bringing the total to 991 customers, up 35%. These large customers contributed more than 85% of total revenue.
We also had a record quarter of customers with $1 million or more in ARR, adding 20 customers during the quarter, an all-time high, bringing the total to 133 customers, up 51%. And we ended FY '22 more than doubling our $5 million-plus ARR customers from a year ago, including a growing number of $10 million plus ARR customers.
Turning to revenue. Total revenue grew 41% to $168.7 million. Subscription revenue grew 44% to $155.3 million and accounted for 92% of total revenue. Confluent Cloud as a percentage of new ACV bookings was greater than 70% in Q4, which represented our fifth consecutive quarter of Cloud exceeding 50% of total new ACV bookings. As Cloud accounts for a larger share of new ACV bookings, Confluent platform will have lower ACV and less upfront revenue.
This upfront dynamic was reflected in Confluent platform revenue, which was $87 million, up 17% and accounted for 52% of total revenue. Confluent Cloud revenue was $68.4 million, up 102% and accounted for 41% of total revenue compared to 28% of revenue a year ago. This translates to a record sequential revenue add of $11.5 million for Confluent Cloud compared to $9.9 million last quarter and $7 million a year ago.
Our Confluent Cloud momentum was driven by our continued focus on use case expansion decreasing time to value for customers and supporting their mission-critical workloads with strong consumption across industry verticals. Turning to the geographic mix of revenue.
Revenue from the U.S. grew 35% to $100.5 million. Revenue from outside the U.S. grew 50% to $68.2 million. Moving on to margins. I'll be referring to non-GAAP results unless stated otherwise. Total gross margin was 73% and subscription gross margin was 78.7%. The unit economics of our Cloud offering continued to improve, driving another quarter of healthy gross margin despite a continued revenue mix shift to Confluent Cloud.
Moving forward, we anticipate total gross margin to fluctuate between 70% and 72%. Turning to profitability and cash flow. Operating margin improved 20 percentage points to negative 21.5% and through proactive expense management, productivity and efficiency initiatives and a disciplined investment approach, we drove improvement in every category of the P&L, with the most pronounced progress made in sales and marketing, improving 8 percentage points and gross margin improving five percentage points.
Net loss per share was negative $0.09 using 286.7 million basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding. Free cash flow margin improved four percentage points to negative 18.3%. And we ended the fourth quarter with $1.93 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.
Turning now to the Immerok acquisition. Immerok is a pre-revenue company and we'll be absorbing the company into our engineering team. We closed the acquisition in Q1, and we expect no material impact on our financials in FY '23. The additional expenses have been incorporated in our guidance. Looking forward to FY '23. As Jay discussed earlier, we've made a decision to accelerate our path to profitability by one year from Q4 '24 to Q4 '23 and while resourcing the company to deliver approximately 30% annual revenue growth rate in 2023.
Over the last two years, we've made significant and prudent investments in the business as we address our $60 billion market. We've more than doubled our company head count, and we've actively been managing the growth rate of spend, and it has trended down from 68% in FY '21 to 39% in FY '22.
And it's expected to go down to approximately 15% in FY '23. We're seeing strong returns on our investments as we continue to grow our market share and extend our product lead with a highly differentiated platform. On the go-to-market side, 50% of our sales reps are now fully ramped, and we expect the mix to be in the range of 55% to 60% exiting this year.
Additionally, compared to last year, we have improved visibility into our FY '23 revenue streams as approximately 60% of revenue comes from current RPO, coupled with the strong growth in $100,000-plus ARR customers, which contribute more than 85% of revenue each quarter. And our NRR remained very healthy, just under 130%, which supports our growth. Given this backdrop, we believe accelerating our path to profitability by one year, while continuing to deliver high growth is the optimal decision especially as companies are now operating in an environment of high interest rates and macro uncertainty.
Now I'll turn to our outlook. We believe our guidance appropriately incorporates both the macro challenges we see in the market and the impact of budget scrutiny as a new norm, which elongates our deal cycles in all customer accounts across geographies.
For the first quarter of 2023, we expect revenue to be in the range of $166 million to $168 million, representing growth of 32% to 33%. Confluent Cloud's sequential revenue add to be approximately $5 million. As we expected, there is a decline in sequential add relative to Q4 and is consistent with what we've seen in prior years.
Similar to last year, we expect Cloud sequential revenue add to increase every quarter with a more pronounced increase in the second half of the year. Exiting Q4 '23, we expect Cloud to reach the milestone of approximately 50% of total revenue.
We expect non-GAAP operating margin to be approximately negative 27% and non-GAAP net loss per share to be in the range of negative $0.15 to negative $0.13, using approximately 290 million weighted average shares outstanding. For the full year 2023, we expect revenue to be in the range of $760 million to $765 million, representing growth of 30% to 31%; non-GAAP operating margin to be approximately negative 15% to negative 14%; and non-GAAP net loss per share in the range of negative $0.28 to negative $0.22 using approximately 297 million weighted average shares outstanding.
As discussed earlier, we're now targeting to exit Q4 2023 with breakeven non-GAAP operating margin. We also expect the timing of breakeven free cash flow margin to roughly mirror that of our operating margin, with the exception of more pronounced seasonality in Q1 of FY '23, primarily due to our corporate bonus program and onetime charges associated with our restructuring.
Finally, we'll continue to actively manage share count and stock dilution. And on an annualized net dilution basis, we're driving net dilution from 4.7% in FY '22 to 3% to 4% for FY '23. Our goal over the long term is to bring that dilution down even further. In closing, we've established a proven track record of delivering on our financial commitments in both stable and uncertain economic environments.
With our leading data streaming platform and a unique go-to-market model that's showing increased leverage, we believe we're well positioned to capture our large market opportunity ahead. Looking forward, we're confident in our ability to drive another year of high revenue growth as we march towards non-GAAP operating margin breakeven exiting Q4 FY '23. Now Jay and I will take your questions.
[Operator Instructions] And today, our first question will come from Sanjit Singh with Morgan Stanley, followed by William Blair. Sanjit, please go ahead.
Thank you, Shane. And thank you for squeezing me in. I guess my first question -- and Jay, I think you addressed this in your formal comments just around some of the elongation and sort of the sales cycles that you saw at the end of December. Is there any sort of other patterns that you would sort of call out, whether it's more on the Confluent Cloud side of the house versus Confluent platform, any sort of market segments, industry segments on that were notably weaker than expected? Or was this kind of more of an across-the-board dynamic around budget scrutiny that you saw on like the deals in Q4?
Yes. Sanjit, great question. So yes, the most pronounced thing for us was it seemed to mostly impact the enterprise segment of our business. The commercial segment didn't really feel it. The -- it was across geographies. So previously, I would say it was more pronounced in EMEA and APAC. We also saw a impact in the Americas.
So beyond that, it was probably the larger transactions tend to feel, I think, a little more pressure scrutiny, et cetera, kind of as you would expect. So nothing beyond that. I wouldn't say that there's a strong industry pattern I wouldn't say that there was much beyond that, that would really show it. We were pleased that gross retention was really strong. Yet again, in a difficult environment. We saw no meaningful impact there. But it did slow down some of the expansions as well as some of the new lands.
And then, Steffan, I could just sort of connect some of the dots on the financials. The Confluent Cloud revenue in Q4 was excellent, record quarter for Confluent Cloud revenue. The RPO was certainly weaker. And then when I look into the 2023 guidance, revenue guidance, it only came down, I think, $5 million. You sort of narrowed the range. What gives you confidence that like the revenue is sort of set at sort of the right level, just given some of the dynamics you're seeing out on the macro?
Well, we took into consideration our current outlook on the macro, and we really focused on a few things. One is our current RPO exiting Q4 gives us about 60% visibility to our total revenue number in FY '23, which is actually five points higher visibility than we had this time last year. We also have more proportionally sales reps that are fully ramped than are ramping, and we see that growing out throughout the year.
And then lastly, we just came off of a quarter where we saw a very robust growth in $100,000-plus customers and $1 million plus customers. And those cohorts contribute north of 85% of revenues. And so we have the right product for the right market, and we feel like '23 will be a decent setup for us.
Understood. Thank you, Steffan.
Thanks Sanjit. We'll take our next question from Jason Ader with William Blair, followed by Deutsche Bank. Jason?
Yes, thanks Shane. Good afternoon, everyone. Obviously, macro issues are affecting everyone, including you guys. I do want to talk a little bit about sales execution. Larry is leaving. I know some other folks are leaving and then you have this reduction in force. How much is sales execution has been a contributing factor here to the performance? And if there are any issues, what are you doing to address those? And I have a quick follow-up.
Yes. I think the bulk of what we're seeing is a very different macro environment than what we were operating in, call it, whatever, nine months ago. That obviously reveals opportunities for improvement, but I think the bulk of what's changed is that.
Okay. And then as a quick follow-up for you, Jay, were you seeing something in deals where it was increasingly clear that you needed a Flink solution?
Yes. There wasn't anything where it was like preventing us from winning, if that's kind of what you're getting at, where it's like a, we can't land this customer without this. We feel like stream processing is incredibly important to us strategically over the long term. So it wasn't like a defensive move, like, oh, if we don't have this, we're not going to be able to continue growing, based on Kafka. We're not going to be able to continue winning customers. What we felt was, there's an opportunity to go after something that could be as big as Kafka and has a very similar trajectory, has an extremely high attach rate to Kafka itself, and fits into our kind of overall vision. And where we could get really some of the key people who had helped drive it forward as part of the company, and that was kind of too good to pass up even in a tighter environment where we're being thoughtful about each dollar.
Thank you.
Thanks Jason. We'll go to Raimo Lenschow with Barclays first, we'll come back to Deutsche. Raimo, go ahead.
Hi, thanks for squeezing in. Can I follow on there Jay a little bit -- like you're all trying to get to the bottom of same-story. If you think about what you're selling, it's very mission-critical, like these are kind of proper projects. You don't do this for fun. But I also really --
It's fun.
What are you seeing in the -- in your conversation with clients about like a -- that need that urgency to do things. And I had one follow-up for Steffan.
Yes. I think that one of the things that's really an asset to us in times like that, this is exactly what you said, right? And I think that shows up in the gross retention. I think for us, it's also showed up in the consumption. Like we've seen consumption against commitments to track really well. So the projects are going forward. People are kind of getting the value out of it.
But I think each of these projects now gets more scrutiny, and that is a drag on doing business. And it shows up in a bunch of different ways, whether that's pressure on the kind of analysis of TCO and ROI whether it's kind of the shift of projects around within organizations, I think companies are just putting more scrutiny on everything they're doing and that impacts us.
But -- yes, I think it's a huge asset to serve production use cases, which are, in some sense, a direct part of how the company grows, operates, makes more money. And I think that's one of the good things about the streaming area.
And then one quick follow-up on more numbers. So if I think about the -- you kind of moved to the profitability goal one year forward, which is kind of a big change and it takes a lot of effort from the organization. Can you talk a little bit about the compromises you have to think about there? Was that certain growth projects you kind of maybe kind of deemphasize? It doesn't sound like it's the sales force getting impacted. Like, just talk a little bit about like the puts and takes you have to kind of go through to get to that because that's quite a big effort. Thank you.
Yes. Yes. I mean any change like this is a little bit disruptive. And so I think that's the -- probably the biggest impact for us is just making sure that we get off to a fast start at the beginning of the year. We're not so disrupted that, that impacts execution. It's obviously also just a harder thing to go through. We felt like, look, after a couple of years of very fast growth, where we kind of roughly doubled headcount in that time period, there was opportunities for efficiency, right? And despite being very thoughtful in planning and where we were deploying resources we thought there was opportunities to get more efficient.
So for us, it was kind of a question of how do you do that. Are you going to do it more slowly, kind of in place? Are you going to do it more quickly? As we got, I think, a better read on just, what's the environment for '23, what's the environment overall in tech, what makes sense for us, we feel like it made sense to do it more quickly. And that kind of, I think, shows a little bit of what's possible for the business in terms of efficiency or is at least one good step in that direction. And it seemed like in the environment, it just made sense to do that now.
And we're also doing it, preserving our ability to drive top line growth, and continue to invest in our innovation engine. And we are able to balance the moves that we made to preserve our long-term sustainable competitive advantage.
Yes, I think that's exactly right. I mean as we went into this, the kind of key analysis would you have to give up on something that's going to make the company great, whether that's in the development of the product or how we're growing the business, how we're kind of capturing the opportunity. And we felt like we could do it without doing that. And I think that was one of the big things that was necessary for us to act on.
Okay. Thank you.
All right, thanks Raimo. We'll take our next question from Brad Zelnick with Deutsche Bank, followed by Bank of America. Brad?
Great. Thank you so much. It's nice to see you all. I've got one question for, I guess -- first for you, Jay. Jay, just as we think about the changes that you've made and you've got Larry moving on, what is it that gets you comfortable that there's not risks exiting this year with 55% to 60% sales rep productivity and it might inspire some additional unanticipated turnover? And then I've got a follow-up.
Yes. I think we continue to have a kind of steady hand running the go-to-market organization. So Erica Shultz has run the larger field organization. Larry reported into her. She previously directly managed the three sales theater VPs and is kind of taking them over directly. And so actually, I feel like in a time where there's like a fair amount of macroeconomic uncertainty, that org structure is actually good. You want to have kind of a short path between leadership and what's happening out on the street. So I feel pretty good about that.
Okay. That's good enough. And maybe just for you, Steffan, I'm just trying to reconcile Confident Cloud Q1 guidance versus the really strong results that you're coming off of in Q4. Is there any reason to think that consumption was perhaps unusually strong in Q4 in some way that might not repeat? And/or are there any reasons to be more concerned and conservative about consumption rates in Q1?
Well, the dynamic that we called out relative Q4 to Q1, where the net sequential add is lower in Q1 than Q4 is a natural dynamic that happens in consumption models you as look kind of across the board. At companies in our peer group, you see similar fact patterns. We did see a very strong Q4. It candidly came in higher than we expected, and that goes back to the mission criticality and what we're driving in terms of consumption for our customers and the value that we're driving.
When we look at the progression for cloud throughout the year, we are looking at seeing increased sequential net adds throughout the year post Q1 and for Confluent Cloud on exiting Q4 to be roughly 50% of total revenues. And so we're doing all of that in an environment that is just -- it's just more challenged to do business in. So we've reflected all of that in our guide, both in our total revenue guide and our Cloud guide. And we're adding effectively the same amount of revenue that we did Q1 of last year.
In Q1 of last year, that environment was a lot different than where Q1 of this year is. So nothing to be like concerned about. We're looking at incredibly high growth rates for Confluent Cloud for the year, and that continues to show continue to show up in our numbers.
And just to pile on that. One of the aspects -- we talked about this last year when we were in Q1. One of the aspects that leads to this is just the kind of life cycle of software projects, they tend to get funded at whatever the company's beginning of the year is and developed and then kind of roll out. And so obviously, there's expansion and consumption happening throughout the year, but it is more things -- more new things come out in, call it, whatever, Q3, and then a little bit less at the beginning of the year as kind of the new things are getting built. And so you would see this, I think, for like a MongoDB and some other companies as well, where it has a little bit of that patten.
Got it. Thanks guys.
All right. Thank you, Brad. We'll take our next question from Brad Sills with Bank of America, followed by Piper Sandler.
Great. Thanks Shane. Good to see you all. Question for you, Jay, or Steffan, on just investment priorities. Obviously, you're saying that this reduction will not affect those strategic investment areas. I think at the Analyst Day, you had outlined security, data compliance, enterprise -- just any update on those cycles? What -- how does this change that at all? Or are those still very much the focus areas?
Yes, absolutely. So like on the product development side, there's no change. There wasn't a big product area that we cut or stopped developing. We're able to maintain the major investments that we had with what we planned for this year and those cuts taken into account. This did cut across different areas of the company and there's a number of factors that were included in kind of making cuts. But our priority, as I said, was kind of really making sure that we had full funding for what we consider the kind of key strategic priorities, both on the product side and on the go-to-market side. And in terms of markets we wanted to get into, that we wanted to drive growth both for this year but also for setting ourselves up coming into next year and beyond. So -- yes, no major change.
Understood. No, that's great. And then one on Confluent Cloud please. Exiting the year at 50%, just a tremendous trajectory. I think in fiscal '20, you exited the year at 15%. So just a remarkable result there on the Cloud. If you could just articulate for us why have you seen such success in the Cloud? What is it about Confluent Cloud versus, say, other categories where we've seen perhaps a slower ramp in public cloud infrastructure and these types of mission-critical workloads that you guys are supporting?
Yes. One of the things that's easy to miss is how high the bar is for a cloud product. And so if you look at our investment, you would have seen a pattern where you're like, they're putting a lot of work into this thing, and it's driving some small -- we were doing that for many, many years. And the reason for that is that this kind of cloud infrastructure, like a lot of the iceberg is below the water. And until you kind of meet certain minimum criteria in terms of security and scalability and operations and availability in different clouds around the world, it's just very hard to capture the market.
And so coming into an area that's a big wall to climb, once you're on the other side of the wall, then it protects you, I think, from competition to make them up and want to do the same thing. So I think it's been a great thing for us. But -- yes it was I think just kind of reaching that critical threshold. And then in terms of how we operated that led to that, I would say it was mostly just full commitment, like we myself, some of the other people who founded the company or joined earlier had a background in running kind of data systems internally as a service.
And we just kind of knew that, that was going to be the model in the public cloud that there was no future for licensed software as the delivery model once people have access to these kind of cloud services. So we knew it was kind of do-or-die on the conversion. And so we leaned in early on in a very significant way where really the whole engineering team moved to that. Every cloud metric was kind of elevated in importance to match a much larger number on the software side of the business and really kind of held to that internally, even though we're really pushing one part of the business up.
And I think that was necessary early on. It's very hard to get what's effectively a very different product going in an early company because you have to effectively build two successful products. So I think that helped us kind of get it to that whatever escape velocity where it could then kind of grow and capture a lot of the opportunity that was, I think, always there for folks operating in the cloud.
Makes a lot of sense. Great to see. Thanks Jay.
All right. We'll take our next question from Rob Owens with Piper Sandler, followed by Guggenheim.
Thanks Shane, and good afternoon, everybody. Obviously, seeing pressure worldwide here, but just curious if there was anything unique to call out positive or negative from the various theaters that you're participating in?
Yes. It's mostly what I described. The biggest unexpected thing for us has been just the continued strength for us at the commercial business. We kind of ascribe that to the fact that we think we're just still severely underpenetrated in that segment. So even though I think they are also feeling lots of pressure, there's just lots of opportunities. And I think it also has a very good product market fit with our cloud offering. And so it's been nice to see that continue to grow because it was a part of the business we were very excited about coming into this year, and it's nice to see its continued growth.
But beyond that, yes, it was across different industries that we saw pressure we were pleased to see that, like, by and large, we're not losing deals. They're delayed, they go through more scrutiny, they may slip out of the quarter, but a lot of the things that we saw delayed in previous quarters did close, either in Q4 or in the first part of Q1. And so we've been excited to see that. It just exerts pressure.
Great. And then, Jay, I know entering COVID, you saw a few customers actually revert back to an open source solution and then come back to Confluent. And in your prepared remarks, you talked about it requiring heavy DevOps resourcing. So as we're seeing the global recession happen, are you seeing customers actually choose open source as a viable alternative at this point? Or is that kind of past behavior more so in the past? Thanks.
Yes. It's past behavior. So we've been -- that was a concern many people had. And the feeling was, hey, it must be cheaper just to use the open source. But one of the really important things to understand about this area is these cloud services are not like a premium offering of the open source. It is actually more expensive to hire a team of engineers to operate this stuff. It's more expensive in terms of people. It's more expensive in terms of cloud infrastructure. It takes longer. It's just more.
And so for that reason, once you have a really good cloud offering, it's not very appealing to downgrade unless for whatever reason the customer is not like actually succeeded with it or somehow not getting the value. But just based on the kind of basic TCO of the two things, it should be a big win. And we've been pleased to see that actually play out in practice. That was the theory early on as we had, I think, a pretty immature cloud offering, we didn't always see that. We did see some customer losses earlier as there pressure. We felt like we were in a very different situation as we were kind of coming into harder times this year.
And we were -- we talked about that on these calls, but it's been nice to see that play out that we haven't seen the kind of churns at all of the same magnitude. And in fact, gross retention has held very steady throughout this.
We'll take our next question from Howard Ma with Guggenheim, followed by Cowen.
Thanks Shane. So my question is for -- it's for either Jay or Steffan. And it's a clarifying question about, Jay, a comment that you made in your prepared remarks about near-term spend rationalization not impacting Confluent's long-term growth opportunity. Because it seems like -- so Cloud is holding strong. And in your response to an earlier question, you said rationalization, it was really about optimizing operational efficiencies that I do identify but not necessarily impacting growth. So despite the pull forward profit target, is your baseline growth assumption over the midterm now, is it necessarily lower than before? Or could there still be a scenario where your midterm growth expectations are unchanged, but you just figure out how to do it more profitably?
I definitely think that there's an aspect of us just figuring out how to do things more efficiently and willingness to make adjustments faster in that respect. There's obviously areas where there's trade-offs. And so -- nothing in life is free. But -- like, yes, we felt that we were able to make this change without significantly changing. Now I would say, look, there is something impacting growth, which is -- we are in a macroeconomic environment that's very different from a year ago, and that's a headwind.
And so I think when we were considering what we were going to do on the expense side, we were taking into account that we were going to be facing this headwind and likely growing slower than we would be if that was not the environment that we were operating in.
Okay. Thanks. And I just have a quick follow-up for Steffan. On the platform side, Steffan, I forget if you mentioned this in your prepared remarks, but if -- or I might have missed it. But was there any notable change in contract duration on the platform side that resulted in lesser license revenue recognition than in prior quarters? And also, is there any migration from the platform to Cloud that's worth calling out? Thank you.
Thanks, Howard. There was no material change in contract duration. But what you're seeing drive the change in license revenue is really the profile of new ACV that's coming in the door. And the new ACV is Confluent Cloud. It was very, very healthy this quarter. And we saw just less new platform deals come in because as the industry is all heading towards cloud.
With that said, Confluent platform is still an important part of our portfolio. And we're going to continue to see contribution from platform, but it's really about -- like, Cloud is the story here. And even going back to a prior comment that was made, even in a tougher macro environment, we just came off of a quarter where we posted record Cloud sequential growth. And we're calling for very meaningful Cloud expansion over 2023. And that goes back to the testament of the value that we're delivering in our Confluent Cloud model.
Great. Thanks guys.
Thank you.
We'll take our next question from Derrick Wood with Cowen, followed by Wells Fargo.
Great. Thanks for taking my questions. I guess, first, Jay, I wanted to touch on the Immerok acquisition. What does Flink excel at that improves upon the capabilities of Kafka streams or ksqlDB? And how should we think about maybe the R&D shift as you bring Apache Flink in? Are there some technologies that you'll look to deemphasize going forward? Or what's the balance across the stream processing technologies that you have?
Yes. Yes, it's a great question. So -- yes, Kafka Streams is effectively -- it's an application development library that helps you do stream processing with Kafka. So it's very easy to use in embedded applications. It tends to serve more kind of micro service use cases.
What Flink brings to the table is, I think, really the most complete, well-thought-out framework for stream processing, it generalizes batch processing with real-time streaming. So you can kind of run thing, something at a point in time and then have it keep running up into the future. It supports a variety of programming languages, so Python, Java, SQL. It has probably the best scalability and performance. It has, I think, the most active community.
So there's really a whole set of things that have brought together including the sophistication of the types of processing and applications it supports. And all of that together made us feel like has this really does add beyond what we were able to do with Kafka Streams and ksql and is kind of worth the investment. It doesn't change our support for those technologies. As with any cloud service, we'll continue to help customers with those really indefinitely.
And Kafka Streams, in particular, has a nice kind of area as an embedded library for customers. But we do see this as very much the future of stream processing and kind of the technology of choice for customers over time.
Got it. Very helpful. A couple of quick ones for you, Steffan. On the restructuring side, can you just give us a sense as to where the cuts are coming from? And in particular, I guess, it would be nice to now kind of like post restructuring, what kind of growth you have in quota-carrying sales headcount kind of year-over-year and how you're thinking about -- given the longer sales cycle, how you're thinking about the glide path for net revenue retention in 2023?
Well, the restructuring was done with the lens of preserving our ability to continue to grow in high-growth mode and really getting to the efficiencies that we think that we can get to. And so what does that mean? We're looking at -- in sales and marketing, we did have, from a headcount standpoint, the most impact there. but those are primarily like non-quota-carrying folks.
We also took a look at G&A and then lastly, I would say, R&D. But we were very much focused on ensuring that all of the decisions we made were in the preservation of us continuing to have high growth with improving profitability and efficiency.
And one of the things that we mentioned earlier was -- if you look at the last couple of years, we have made very meaningful investments across the board in support of us growing into what is a very meaningful company in a very large market and there is always an opportunity to rationalize and get more efficient. So the theme that we have this year is efficient and profitable growth, and that's what we're driving towards. I'm sorry, what were the other couple of questions?
Just the other one was the glide path of net revenue retention rate as we see longer sales cycles continue?
Yes. So our net retention rate this quarter came in just a shade below 130%. We gave a little bit of color commentary that Confluent Cloud and our hybrid customers were north of 130%. We continue to see very strong progress with those two products and customer sets. As we think about the glide path over time, we very clear about being above 125% from a total company standpoint and also looking at just higher net retention rates for our cloud and our hybrid customers as that's like where the puck is going.
Great. Thanks guys.
All right, thank you. We will go to Pinjalim Bora with JPMorgan first. Pinjalim?
Thanks guys. Thanks for taking the questions. Two quick ones. Maybe update us on just the customer behavior you're going into January so far towards the end of January. Is it deteriorating? And it's kind of stable? You did mention you have closed a few deals, so I was just wondering.
Yes. Yes. I would say the results in January so far have been in line with the kind of plan we put together for the quarter and guidance. So we've been pleased to see that play out as we hoped.
Got it. And great to see the acceleration to get to breakeven. I wanted to ask -- I think I was doing the math was about $55 million in terms of cost coming down, I believe. I was trying to understand how much of that is driven by the [ref], how much of that is kind of optimization of discretionary spend that you talked about, how much of that is kind of real estate. I would think that real estate optimization probably will take time. So trying to understand those mix. And then, I guess, how should we think of that profitability going forward?
Yes. Yes. So it's definitely a mixture of all those things. We haven't broken out exactly how much is due to each thing. But -- yes, absolutely, we're kind of optimizing real estate footprint. Just kind of post COVID, we have a better of what we actually need.
We had already a plan for the year prior to this action that would have shown very meaningful operating margin improvement. And so then this is kind of added on top of that, which is kind of what lets us make big improvements. And if you look at this last year, we had about 20 points of improvement over the last 12 months from Q4 to Q4 in non-GAAP operating margin. And so this is kind of roughly that again between the ref and the existing improvements and the additional growth in revenue.
Got it. Thank you.
[Operator Instructions] And our next question goes to Kash Rangan with Goldman Sachs. Kash?
Hi, Kash.
Thank you so much. Somewhat static here. Nice to see you guys, Jay, Steffan and Shane. Question for you. When you look at Flink, Jay, for you, how much work needs to be done to Flink to make it as solid as -- in terms of research and development, product development came pretty -- as a core platform is taking so many years to come to shape. What is the path ahead for Flink? And when you said Flink could be as large as Kafka, I'm curious to see if there's any pent-up demand that customers have been asking for. I know you highlighted a few customers, including us. What are they saying that you could do better with Flink that could cause them to allocate bigger budgets? And I have one for Steffan.
Yes. Yes, there's a couple of things there. I mean, I -- Flink, the technology, I think, is in good shape. It's a successful piece of technology that it's in own right. To turn it into a managed cloud service is a ton of work. It's just a huge amount of work. That's something we'll work on for many years, right? And so we'll release a product, but there'll be more and more to do. That kind of cloud-native bucket that we talk about for the rest of our offering, it's a big bucket. It really matters to customers. And so -- yes, there'll be ongoing work in that dimension in the years to come. That's one of the reasons why it's really important to have these core people who are driving that technology forward.
It's not just a matter of kind of getting the open source and putting it on some servers, which we wouldn't need an acquisition to do. You need to really kind of reimagine the technology as a cloud service and how would -- what -- how should that work? What would that be like? That's what kind of creates the good product.
And then in terms of -- yes, what -- the reception from customers has been fantastic. People are very excited about Flink. They're very excited about Confluent. They're very excited about the pairing together. For many of our customers, they were already using Flink with Confluent. And so -- yes, absolutely, people are excited. Some people are like, what took you so long? So yes, it's great to hear. We think that there is -- as with Kafka, there is a substantial existing installed base.
And in an environment like this where there's some pressure and there's less kind of net new software projects overall coming out, having that existing installed base to grow into is obviously a really nice second dimension of growth beyond just kind of landing with the new things.
Got it. One for you, Steffan. Well, how do you look at the -- given the headcount reductions, how do you think about cost of customer acquisition, lifetime value? It looks at the commercial business did well, Cloud is definitely inflecting away from the platform. Given all that, how should we look at those metrics? Are they getting better or about the same pre-cloud? Thank you so much.
Yes, thanks for the question, Kash. As we look through 2023 and beyond, as more of our business is coming from cloud and there's the self-serve option or onboarding, et cetera, our LTV to CAC should be improving over time. And we've made some progress this year, the year that just ended in terms of optimization. But when we look at LTV to CAC over the longer term, we see that improving on an annual basis. And that's a reflection of both the restructuring that we're doing, but then also the profile of the revenue streams that are coming in that are just a lower cost of customer acquisition.
Wonderful. Thanks so much.
Thank you. Our last two questions today come from Eric at KeyBanc, first, followed by Fred at Credit Suisse. Eric?
Great. Thanks Shane. Jay, this is for you. I wanted to get your thoughts on kind of how you keep that net expansion rate pretty strong in that 130% range going forward. Just given what is kind of a more technical sales as you kind of evaluate kind of the lower workforce going forward? Just how do you keep customers keep expanding at this pretty impressive rate while also trying to balance that profitability?
Yes. I think there's a number of things that go into that. One is just we have a consumption model. So it's very possible for customers to use either other parts of the product or use the product for new uses, and making that as easy and frictionless as possible. There's a lot we can do and are doing to continue to drive that, making sure that, that folds well into the motion that the sales team has. We're actually at our sales kickoff event right now. And that's one of the big focuses for us is making sure people understand how to play well with that consumption motion, how the product help drive them into new use cases helped drive that expansion.
I think it's a huge area of opportunity for us and then making sure that we have the right use cases that we have the right senior connections and organizations that kind of blessing is critical to really get broad in organizations and get to larger dollar spend in organizations. Especially in this environment, people need to know what it's for.
And then we're coupling that with this -- we've really gotten very good in the last year, and I think getting better still at the kind of TCO and ROI story. What is it that you're getting out of this? I think all of that helps you kind of continue to expand in an account in a way that the customer feels good about and wants to accelerate rather than something that they see as a problem that has to be solved.
Okay. Thanks Jay.
All right. Our last question goes to Fred Lee with Credit Suisse. Fred?
Hi Jay, Steffan. Thanks for taking my questions. And Shane, thanks for fixing my Zoom just now. Listen, my question is also on the pull forward of profitability. And big picture, considering how early we are in streaming you have the confidence that you're addressing the market as completely as possible, not compromising any growth prospects? I know you've touched on this a little bit, but it sounds like you're reducing some sales and marketing coverage. Is this -- because if you think back to the GFC and you ask software companies then back coming out of 2008, the most they talk about the fact that they slowed down their investment. So again, the question is just around your confidence level that this is the right thing to do.
Yes. What gave us confidence was just looking at it project by project and investment by investment in a very thorough way. And having, I think, a very clear picture of what we want the company to be in a year, but also in three years and five years and making sure we can solve for that we have enough people to go do it. I think you could look at this the other way.
Companies that have been on this very fast growth trajectory, there is some opportunity for optimization. If we were cutting 20%, I think we would be giving up quite a lot, right? Cutting a little bit, I think, makes sense given the environment. It's a hard thing to do. It's hard to have people leave the company, but I think it makes sense given the larger environment. And I think it's possible to do that without making big sacrifices in terms of what we need to build and the product that we want to have and also in terms of how we want to go to market and where we want to be set up to expand.
I see. And then just on the product side, I know it's new. But can you talk a little bit about some of the early adoption trends of Stream Design and Stream Governance?
Yes. Yes. Yes, we've seen great results. They're a little different, right? So Stream Governance is a paid offering, the Stream Governance Advance that we just announced. And Stream Designer is free. So customers just use it, it accelerates their usage of ksql, of connector, of Kafka itself. And so -- yes, we've seen a ton of early adoption of Stream Designer. That's been very exciting for us to get -- to see people playing with this. We think that, that kind of easy to use interface is one of the keys to really stream processing go broad, whether it's with ksql or Flink or whatever.
That interface on top is a really critical investment for us that makes this stuff really easy to deploy within customers and kind of take the stream processing area beyond these apex companies that have already really gone big with it.
And then Governance is just one of these topics. It's top of buying for every customer. And we've seen really, really great results for that now emerging product as a business. We've seen a lot of consumption driven by that. And that was a little bit unexpected. We thought that was going to satisfy a need and maybe unblock customers and other things. But in fact, we've seen it actually really outperform our expectations so far, and we're excited about what's possible for that in the year ahead.
And it's not surprising. I think there are kind of two pressures on organizations. On one hand, they need to like do more with data and put it to use to be successful. On the other hand, they have just increasing numbers of restrictions on how they do that. and the risk associated with it. So if you give them tools that help balance those two pressures, it obviously meets with a great reception.
All right. Thanks, everyone. This concludes today's earnings call. We really appreciate you joining us. Take care.