Cumulus Media Inc
NASDAQ:CMLS
Earnings Call Analysis
Q4-2023 Analysis
Cumulus Media Inc
Despite numerous challenges in 2023, such as persistent inflation, rising interest rates, and geopolitical tumult that collectively dampened advertiser confidence, the company proved its resilience by offsetting some adverse effects through strategic focus on digital endeavors, cost reduction, and balance sheet improvement.
The company's digital businesses manifested a steadfast performance by generating $146 million in revenue, marking a 17% share of the total and reflecting year-over-year growth of 3%. Among the highlights were digital marketing services, which exhibited a 13% growth rate and reached a $45 million annual run rate. Likewise, the streaming sector swelled by 16%, attributing success to initiatives like the streaming audio companion for NFL play-by-play.
The podcasting arm suffered an 8% revenue decline in 2023 due to weak national advertiser spending and a decrease in direct response advertising. However, improvement in later quarters lends confidence in a stronger performance anticipated for 2024, suggesting a rebound for this digital segment.
Total revenue for the company descended by 11.4% to $844.5 million, with EBITDA settling at $90.7 million. The EBITDA figure matched analyst consensus, thanks in part to aggressive cost-saving measures which have totaled $120 million in annual reduction since 2019. These cost reductions positioned the company to leverage operating improvements when market conditions eventually turn favorable.
Conversations with national advertisers reveal a continued desire to allocate ad spend, particularly within strong performing categories like insurance and consumer packaged goods. Some advertisers, though, remain cautious due to the broader economic climate. Q1 is seeing mild growth, but stronger political ad revenue is expected in the latter half of 2024.
Local advertising has demonstrated greater robustness in comparison to national advertising. However, the company is currently pacing Q1 with a minor single-digit downturn in total revenue. This conservative outlook aligns with the broader theme of cautious optimism expressed throughout the industry.
The company diligently applied its operating cash flow and liquidity to repurchase $7.2 million of stock and reduce debt face value by $44 million at a discount. Additionally, a new debt exchange was announced targeting the 2026 maturities to further cut net leverage, enhance strategic flexibility, and prolong maturities to 2029 without significant changes to net interest expenses.
The company has effectively managed its expenses by exceeding $10 million in fixed cost reductions in Q4 and more than $33 million for the year. The dedication to operating frugally without compromising strategic initiatives provides the enterprise with a solid foundation as it positions itself for future growth.
You don't have any saved screeners yet
Hello, and welcome to the Cumulus Media Quarterly Earnings Conference Call. I'll now turn it over to Collin Jones, Executive Vice President of Strategy and Development and President of Westwood One. Sir, you may proceed.
Thank you, operator. Welcome, everyone, to our fourth quarter and full year 2023 earnings conference call. I'm joined today by our President and CEO, Mary Berner; and our CFO, Frank Lopez-Balboa. Before we start, please note that certain statements in today's press release and discussed on this call may constitute forward-looking statements under federal securities laws. Actual results may differ materially from the results expressed or implied in forward-looking statements. These statements are based on management's current assessments and assumptions, and they are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties as discussed in our filings with the SEC. In addition, we will also use certain non-GAAP financial measures. We believe the supplementary information is useful to investors, although it should not be considered superior to the measures presented in accordance with GAAP. A full description of these risks as well as financial reconciliations to non-GAAP terms are in our press release and SEC filings. The press release can be found in the Investor Relations portion of our website and our Form 10-K was also filed with the SEC shortly before this call. A recording of today's call will be available for about a month via link in the Investors portion of our website. With that, I'll now turn it over to our President and CEO, Mary Berner. Mary?
Thanks, Collin, and good morning, everyone. It has been well documented that 2023 was a tough year across the media landscape. Unsupportive macro factors, including persistent inflation, rising interest rates and a barrage of geopolitical issues, combined with the general uncertainties depressed advertiser confidence throughout the year. However, while we couldn't escape the effects of the weak environment, we were able to offset some of its impact on the year by solid execution in key focus areas, specifically by growing our digital businesses, reducing costs and improving our balance sheet. Looking ahead to 2024, while there are some green shoots, we still have limited visibility into ad demand, particularly with respect to national advertisers. That said, our industry-leading performance during other weak macro environments gives us significant confidence in our ability to navigate these current headwinds and rebound strongly when we see a return to a better advertising climate. Supplementing those efforts, this morning we announced that we are launching a debt exchange to extend our maturities and further reduce our net leverage. I'll touch on that later, but first, our 2023 key highlights, starting with digital which is not only the fastest-growing area of the company, but also one that provides us with new ways to capitalize on our long-standing relationship -- radio relationships. In aggregate, our digital businesses generated $146 million of revenue in 2023, representing 17% of our total revenue and an increase of 3% year-over-year. In the fourth quarter alone, these businesses produced $40 million of revenue, 18% of our total revenue for the quarter, an increase of 5% from the prior year. As I've said and we've said before, digital, which has been built profitably and organically from day 1 has 3 primary revenue streams: Digital marketing services, streaming and podcasting. In 2023, digital marketing services grew 13%, finishing the year at $45 million annual revenue run rate. We continue to be excited about the opportunities this business is presenting us both to expand our customer base beyond broadcast radio buyers and to increase revenue and deepen our relationships with our radio customers. To the former point, 1/3 of our DMS clients are new to the company. In part, the magnitude of this digital-only group reflects the traction that we're gaining with Cumulus Boost, a portfolio of presence products, including website design, reputation management and search engine optimization which complements our existing digital campaign products. The number of our Boost clients has nearly tripled since the beginning of 2023. That rapid acceleration reflects the fact that Boost serves as both an entry-level product, giving us the ability to serve customers whose budgets are -- get too small to support a radio campaign while also increasing our competitiveness with our larger customers because we can now offer them presence products. We also see our digital marketing services portfolio as a powerful lever for our traditional radio base. It goes without saying that having a full suite of digital products allows us to tap into a more significant portion of these clients' marketing budgets. As importantly, we have also seen that our local broadcast radio advertisers, who add digital marketing services to their orders, buy over 40% more DMS than our DMS clients who don't buy local radio with the increase reflecting the generally larger marketing budgets that radio buyers have as well as the power of integrated radio with digital to deliver superior ROIs. It's also encouraging that our local radio broadcast clients who also bought DMS maintain greater radio spend year-over-year than those who bought broadcast radio only, which has been important benefit, especially in a lackluster environment such as we've been dealing with. And finally, we see considerable opportunity with this expanded digital selling effort as we aggressively target the large number of our current radio customers who have not yet bought DMS from us. Our streaming business, which primarily monetizes the simulcast streams of our over-the-air broadcast through multiple distribution channels, outlets and ad channels was up 16% in 2023. An important factor in this growth was a streaming audio companion to our broadcast NFL play-by-play, which has driven significant audience growth and generated millions of dollars of incremental revenue from our NFL relationship since the stream was launched. Also of note, in 2023, we benefited from a third-party fixed rate ad sales contract for a portion of our radio station streaming inventory. That contract recently expired and though that will affect our streaming growth rates in the short term, taking back our station streaming inventory is the smart move strategically. And given our experience with monetizing our NFL streaming, we are confident that it will pay off financially as well. Podcasting is the third part of our digital business, and it was the most negatively impacted in 2023 by the national advertiser weakness and the falloff in direct response advertising. However, though podcasting revenue fell 8% in 2023, we saw an improvement in revenue trends as the year progressed, with podcasting revenue growing year-over-year in both the third and fourth quarters after declining in both Q1 and Q2. That positive trajectory, combined with the addition of meaningful impressions from a number of new podcasts, strong growth for existing podcasts and additional impressions created on video channels gives us confidence in the financial upside from podcasting we expect to see in 2024. While encouraging, the overall growth in digital did not offset the combination of 2023's significant macro headwinds and the negative political comparison. Total 2023 revenue was $844.5 million, down 11.4% and resulted EBITDA of $90.7 million, while our fourth quarter revenue was $221.3 million and EBITDA was $22.8 million, both in line with analyst consensus. It's important to note that our EBITDA performance was heavily impacted by the year-over-year reduction in high-margin political and national revenue streams, an impact which would have been much worse but for the substantial cost actions we executed throughout the year. By the time we finished the year, our annual cost reduction since 2019 had grown to $120 million, representing 26% of our fixed costs. We took out a multitude of initiatives to deliver these incremental cost reductions, including implementing additional efficiency measures throughout the organization, further rationalizing our real estate footprint, renegotiating or terminating lower-margin contracts and improving our business processes. These efforts added to the significant operating leverage we expect to benefit from when the market conditions improve. Turning to 2024. Our conversations with national advertisers continue to reflect their desire to spend. And as I mentioned earlier, we are seeing some encouraging green shoots. For instance, insurance, a top vertical within the financial category, which is a top-5 category for us, and consumer packaged goods, a top-10 category, are both showing nice positive momentum. Additionally, we're seeing a high level of national advertiser interest in our premium national live sports franchises like the NFL and the NCAA. That demand along with strong sales execution and the addition of the NFL streaming audience propelled our NFL revenue to a record high in the most recent Super Bowl. Nonetheless, despite these positive indicators and advertisers' encouraging messaging to us, about their go-forward buying intentions for both broadcast radio and podcasting, many national advertisers, in particular, mortgage and home improvement companies remain skittish, continuing to cite the uncertain macroeconomic environment as an impediment to their willingness to commit to large advertising spend, especially some months out. As a result, bookings are occurring later and later, decreasing our visibility. And as I noted, political revenue should provide a slight tailwind in Q1. However, given the lack of competitive presidential primaries, the benefits for political will be more evident in the back half of 2024. Our local spot business, which has performed better than national spot in 2023 is still pacing down year-over-year in Q1. However, we have seen a trend of late orders in recent months and performance improvement as the quarter progresses. Despite that, given the challenge in national, our pacing for Q1 total revenue is currently down low single digits. Turning to our balance sheet. In 2023, we used operating cash flow we generated, along with excess liquidity to buy back $7.2 million of stock and $44 million face value of debt at a discount to par. Continuing these efforts to strengthen our balance sheet. This morning, we launched a debt exchange offer to address our 2026 maturities to further reduce our net leverage and enhance the company's long-term strategic and financial flexibility. Frank will discuss its exchange offer in more detail. Additionally, after careful deliberation and with the input of our advisers, as you saw last week, we filed a limited duration shareholder rights plan. Please refer to our press release and the 8-K filed -- we filed for more information, but I do want to emphasize that both management and our Board continue to welcome constructive dialogue with our shareholders and remain committed to maximizing value for all shareholders. As always, we are confident in our ability to optimize results in any and all macro environment, reduce expenses and improve our balance sheet. All of which position us well to capitalize on a general advertising recovery when it occurs. Since the pandemic, our management team has driven best-among-peers performance notably with respect to cost takeouts and debt reduction and we are intent on maintaining that track record regardless of the environment. With that, I'll turn it over to Frank. Frank?
Thank you, Mary. I will start with results for the fourth quarter before moving to full year results. In the fourth quarter, revenue was down 11.9%, in line with the pacing commentary that we gave in our last earnings call, while EBITDA was $22.8 million. As has been the case in recent quarters, local continued to outperform national on a relative basis. Digital growth for the quarter was 5%, led by streaming and digital marketing services, which grew 17% and 7%, respectively. In the quarter, we were impacted by a tough political comparison, booking $1.6 million of political revenue compared to $8.3 million in 2022. From a category perspective, consumer packaged goods and telecom were our top-performing major national categories, while our weakest were professional services and financial. In local spot, general services and auto were our top-performing major categories, while professional services and financial were some of our weakest.
Turning to expenses. Total expenses in the quarter decreased by over $10 million year-over-year, driven by fixed cost reductions and lower variable costs and lower revenue. Since 2019, through the end of 2023, we have generated approximately $120 million of annualized fixed cost reductions. For the full year, revenue was down 11.4% or down 10% on an ex-political basis, and EBITDA finished at $90.7 million. Digital remained an area of strength for us, growing 3% year-over-year. Of note, our streaming business grew 16%. Our digital marketing services business grew 13%. Total expenses for the year decreased by over $33 million, driven by fixed cost reductions and lower variable costs from lower revenue. Moving to cash flow and the balance sheet. Cash from operations during the quarter was $3.3 million, bringing full year operating cash flow to $31.7 million. CapEx for the year was $24.8 million, consistent with our earlier guidance. In 2024, we expect CapEx to be approximately $30 million. For the year, we generated nearly $18 million of proceeds from highly accretive noncore asset sales. Additionally, we recently received $14.8 million of cash proceeds from the sale of BMI, which closed in February. We used our operating cash flow in excess liquidity to retire $44 million of face value of debt at an average discount of 23%, which brings total debt paydown since the beginning of 2022 to $130 million. Additionally, we bought back $7.2 million of shares during the year, bringing the total share buyback since we started our share repurchase program in 2022, to $39 million or approximately 23% of the shares outstanding as of year-end 2021. And as mentioned on our previous earnings call, from a capital allocation perspective, we'll be prioritizing debt reduction in the near term. To that end, as Mary mentioned, this morning, we launched a debt exchange offer to proactively address our 2026 debt maturities, to further reduce our net leverage and to enhance the company's long-term strategic and financial flexibility. The offer provides additional collateral from an unrestricted subsidiary, which will represent $275 million of asset value on newly exchanged debt, extends maturities to 2029, reduces principal outstanding and modifies interest rates. As contemplated net interest expense for the company would not change materially. This transaction is expected to close by the end of the first quarter. Moving to the first quarter, we are currently pacing down low single digits. And as a reminder, reflecting seasonality, our first quarter is typically our lowest revenue quarter of the year. While political was a positive factor in Q1, it will not be nearly as strong as the first quarter of 2020 when we had $4.9 million of revenue, benefiting from a more competitive presidential primary season leading up to the general election. However, we believe our market footprint aligns well with the key congressional races that we should benefit from spending in those contests later in the year. With that, I will now turn the call over to the operator for Q&A.
[Operator Instructions] Your first question today comes from Michael Kupinski with NOBLE Financial Capital Markets.
First of all, I was wondering if you can give us just a little bit more color on the national network side of the business. And maybe the revenue cadence that we're starting to see in the first quarter there.
Michael, I'll take that, and I'll start, and then Mary will add in. So as Mary mentioned, for the total company, we are pacing down low single digits. Digital is pacing up nicely and I will say that from a broadcast perspective, both -- local network, we're pacing down in the low mid-single digits, while still down, it's actually an improvement from the trend that we saw in the fourth quarter. And as Mary mentioned also what we're seeing from a national perspective as well as local that orders are coming in later and later throughout the quarter.
Yes, I would just...
Got you. And then do you have any -- I'm sorry, Mary, go ahead.
Yes, I would just add something, just to reiterate what we said in the call is that we're not hearing -- we are hearing a lot of intention to buy. And we -- so there's been no dial back of intention to buy both in -- in national. It's really just a question of when, not if.
Got you. And then in terms of additional costs, I mean, I know that you guys have cut costs throughout the year in 2023 and some of that will flow through in 2024. Can you kind of give us a sense of how much of the cost initiatives you had in '23 will flow through in 2024 on an annualized basis?
I think the way to look at it is what we actually did in 2022 because the numbers we gave you was cumulative cost takeouts over the past 4 years. So in 2023, the $33 million of cost reductions that I mentioned, roughly half of that was fixed costs and half of it was variable based on revenues and some of that will roll into this year. But having said that, we're not immune to inflation, and that's going to impact us in 2024. The areas -- and just in summary, you didn't ask this question, but I'll anticipate it. If you look at our $120 million worth of cost reductions over the past 4 years, roughly half of that has been people related. And when I say people related, that's internal and external, like external contractors. A big bulk of that has been in programming and contracts. And I think the biggest opportunity that we're going to have this year and the next couple of years will be -- and as contracts come due, assessing the profitability or the value of those and looking to take more costs out of that where we can.
Got you. And then one final question. The company has been a proponent of foreign ownership of media companies. And so I was just wondering if you can tell us how you reconcile your poison pill position, which caps foreign ownership at 15%, with your interest of allowing 100% of foreign ownership of media companies? And does the company plan to continue to push for foreign ownership above the 15% cap all the way to 100%?
Michael, on the shareholder rights plan, I'll refer you to the filing, but just as a point of clarification. The 15% you mentioned is a trigger of a percentage ownership by one single shareholder, it has nothing to do with foreign ownership.
Got you. But the Renew group is considered to be a foreign owner, right?
Right. But if they were a domestic owner, it would have been the same. So it has nothing to do with the foreign ownership. It's -- we're putting the plan -- we put the plan in to address a single stock ownership position that kicks-in in the shareholder rights plan if it's over 15%.
Yes. And I guess the other portion of that question would be, does the company continue to plan to push for 100% foreign ownership of media companies with the FCC?
The process with the FCC is if someone files and wants to be more than the FCC allowment, then we will file with the FCC as appropriate. So again, the shareholder rights plan has nothing to do with foreign ownership. And it's very specific with the FCC in terms of -- it is very specific with the FCC when you file and following the rules in terms of foreign ownership.
The next question comes from Jim Goss with Barrington Research.
All right. I was curious about the NFL rights, streaming. The economics of that strategy rights fees for football tend to be very expensive. And I'm wondering about the cost and the revenue increment, we can run against that and whether there's an interest in getting more involved in other types of sports with Westwood One on that basis.
Jim, I'll take that. With regard to the NFL streaming comments, we made. As you know, we've had a multi-decade relationship with the NFL and it's only recently in our last renewal that we were able to -- as part of the contract, take advantage of the digital rights where before we hadn't. So it's incremental. And the way to think about that since it's part of our rights deal, the margin aspect of that is extremely high because it's not an extra production. It's just a way to monetize an additional source of impressions by having that contract. So it's embedded in the contract and the incremental revenues that we get on the streaming is extremely high in margin.
Okay. Are there any other changes in the programming you envision within Westwood One that might be notable?
Not at this time.
Nothing?
No.
Okay. You mentioned financial was one of the softer advertising areas. I was wondering since there are a number of subcategories within financial, are there some that are holding up better than others? Or are you seeing any potential for rebound in that particular category?
You're right. In financial, there are a whole bunch of subcategories. With regard to the first quarter, the insurance category has actually become fairly robust compared to last year. And if you remember last year, that's a category which was challenging as auto insurance companies, in particular, had underwriting issues vis-a-vis their revenue base, and that's bounced back nicely, and we're seeing advertisers increase their spending and looking to acquire customers. Within the other financial categories, anything related to mortgages, as you can imagine, is weak, given the high interest rates, although to the extent that the fed lowers rates later this year and those companies look to acquire customers that could be something we'll benefit from. However, having said that, the excitement of short-term interest rate cuts that we saw in the fourth quarter has been muted so far in terms of fed [ comment ] this year. And then the other financial category, which is a little bit weaker, but it tends to -- it tends to be pretty lumpy are from the large commercial banks, and that's more lumpy and that can come back pretty quickly as well.
Okay. And the last question, in terms of the debt exchange, I was wondering what response is required from the debt holders? And what if you -- if you don't secure that desired response, what are the options that you might have in order to affect the exchange or your plan?
Jim, as you can imagine, we just launched the exchange offer this morning. It's a process which will be open for 20 business days. And we're looking forward to a successful execution of that. I'll refer -- have you refer to the 8-K, and obviously, we'll be able to talk more about that at the conclusion of that offer and then the next earnings call.
Our next question comes from Dan Day with B. Riley.
Maybe if you can just talk about local advertising, especially in digital, like radio streaming and podcasting. I think we've talked about this largely being national. Just any success you've had in getting more cross-selling between broadcast radio and podcast and streaming among local advertisers?
Dan, thanks for the question. Local has -- throughout this challenging time has remained more robust in general for us. And it's made up of, as you know, many categories, different dynamics. And it's hard to paint them all in the same brush, but we've generally done better. In terms of podcasting, that was kind of a nascent effort, local podcasting. But as of Friday, we now have 11 local podcasts on the Apple Charts. So this area of emphasis is starting to pay off, and we are monetizing them quite well.
With regard to packaging and selling local with national or with digital, as we said in the prepared remarks, the digital effort is really, really doing quite well locally. But as importantly, it is helping to propel our radio business. 50% of our Boost advertisers, for example, are new to the company, and then half of those in turn then will buy radio after they started campaigns. So the strategy there with having our sales organization sell a full suite of podcast, digital marketing services and streaming and broadcast altogether as an integrated buy is serving us well because it ties our advertisers closer to us and gives us a lot of stickiness and kind of longevity. So local, I'd say the punchline is local -- has generally, whether it's podcast, digital marketing services, streaming has held up quite well for us.
Okay. Great. And then it feels like the digital marketing services space is just getting a lot more crowded, a lot of legacy media companies like you trying to build this out or white labeling these businesses. So if you could just talk about -- a little more about what separates your digital marketing services product from the others that are out there, whether there might be opportunities to do anything on the M&A front to maybe try and roll this space up a little bit?
Yes. I mean there's still -- it's still a pretty fragmented marketplace. There's no -- it's an enormous TAM and nobody even close to having a large market share there. And I think our approach is different. We sell it as an integrated part of a solution as opposed to a separate product that we go to advertisers with and so I think in terms of the special -- what we do with the product, we package it, I think, quite effectively with broadcast radio, so there's some pricing advantages that work well for us. And recently, we've successfully -- we've expanded both the range of customers we serve. So a lot of very, very, very small businesses that can't yet afford radio. So we go in very, very small. There doesn't -- don't seem to be a lot of companies target those very small advertisers. But very quickly, we're able to upsell them into broadcast radio and other products that we have. We've also put a big focus on focusing on companies who operate across multiple markets. So they start in a local market, and then we've been able to substantially increase the number of multi-market packages. So our approach is a very integrated approach. We start very small, and we build and then upsell them to integrated packages with radio and our other products.
At this time, there are no further questions. I'll now turn it over to the company for any closing remarks.
Thank you very much for your time, and we will look forward to speaking with you again next quarter.
Thank you, everyone, for joining us today. This concludes our call, and you may now disconnect your lines.