Hallador Energy Co
NASDAQ:HNRG
Earnings Call Analysis
Q4-2023 Analysis
Hallador Energy Co
During the fourth quarter and full year of 2023, Hallador Energy dealt with a dynamic market but managed to navigate through with strategic adjustments. Brent Bilsland, President and CEO, together with CFO Larry Martin, outlined the financial outcomes alongside their future market outlook and strategies. For the year, while the company saw a net loss of $10.2 million in the fourth quarter, the full year ended with a $44.8 million net income, translating to $1.35 per basic earnings per share and $1.25 for diluted earnings per share. Adjusted EBITDA stood at $1.7 million for the quarter, yet reached a commendable $107.3 million for the full year. Bank debt increased by $29.8 million for the quarter, but only $6.3 million annually, with the end-of-year leverage ratio hitting a reasonable 1.3x. This financial snapshot captures Hallador's resilience in the face of a challenging quarter while achieving stable yearly growth.
Bilsland expressed optimism about Hallador's strategic direction, emphasizing their shift towards the electricity sector to capitalize on soaring demand and improved margins. Despite setbacks in the last quarter, Hallador is positioning itself for sustainable growth by transitioning beyond their traditional coal operations. The goal is to fortify their long-term sales book, thus solidifying the company's standing in a future-proofed energy market. As Hallador eyes electric utility markets and explores vertical integration opportunities, investors should note the strategic pursuit of diversified, higher-margin endeavors, which aim to enhance the company's value proposition and future earnings potential.
Bilsland noted that weather events have significant immediate impacts on energy prices, which can fluctuate drastically. He mentioned instances where power prices could vary from $20 to $250 per megawatt-hour in just a few days, primarily due to weather. However, Hallador is striving to mitigate such volatility by securing contracted sales. While some near-term earnings might be affected by weather, especially given the unpredicted mild winter, Hallador's leadership is keenly focused on building out a robust sales book to capture higher prices in the future. They also hinted at a positive outlook for summer, where a potential hot season could propel natural gas, coal, and power markets, therefore boosting earnings. For investors, these insights suggest that while near-term earnings may be uncertain and subject to weather-related fluctuation, Hallador's strategic moves aim to secure a more stable and profitable long-term position in the energy market.
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Hello, and welcome to the Hallador Energy Company's Announces Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. My name is Harry, and I'll be your coordinator today. [Operator Instructions] Now I'd now like to turn the call over to Becky Palumbo, Investor Relations, to begin. Please go ahead.
Thank you, Harry. Good morning, and thanks for joining Hallador Energy's call for the Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 results. With me today are Brent Bilsland, our President and CEO; and Larry Martin, our CFO. Yesterday afternoon, Hallador released its fourth quarter and full year 2023 financial in a press release. Today, we will discuss those results as well as our perspective on current market conditions and outlook for 2024.
Following our prepared remarks, we will open the call to answer your questions. Before beginning, a reminder that some of our remarks today may include forward-looking statements subject to a variety of risks, uncertainties and assumptions contained in our filings from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are also reflected in yesterday's press release.
While these forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to us, if one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize or if our underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those we projected or expected. In these remarks, Hallador has no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future results or otherwise, unless [indiscernible]. Lastly, Hallador will file a Form 10-K sometime this week. And with that said, I will turn the call over to Larry.
Thanks, Becky. Good afternoon, everyone. Before we get started, I would like to make a definition of adjusted EBITDA as operating cash flows less the effects of certain subsidiary and equity method investment activity plus bank interest less the effects of working capital period changes plus cash paid on asset retirement obligation reclamations plus other amortizations.
For the fourth quarter, Hallador incurred a net loss of $10.2 million, $0.31 basic earnings per share and $0.27 for diluted earnings per share. For the year ended December 31, 23, we had $44.8 million of net income or $1.35 per basic earnings per share and $1.25 for diluted earnings per share. We had adjusted EBITDA of $1.7 million for the quarter and $107.3 million for the year. We increased our bank by $29.8 million for the quarter and $6.3 million for the year.
Our funded bank debt as of the end of December 31 was $91.5 million. Our letters of credit were $18.6 million. Our net funded bank debt was $88.7 million. Our leverage ratio for debt to adjusted EBITDA was 1.3x at the end of the year. I will now turn the call over to Brent Bilsland, our CEO.
Thank you, Larry. First, I'd like to thank the Hallador team for their hard work and dedication on finishing a solid year for our company. While the fourth quarter highlighted some operational challenges and the episodic nature of our power revenues, I don't want those challenges to overshadow the positive year that we had as a company.
In addition to near record margins in our -- on our coal division for the full year, the continued integration of Hallador Power into our portfolio with the springboard to record net income, our highest revenues ever and a future sales book that is approaching $1.5 billion and continues to grow as demand for energy and capacity increase. We are seeing success in selling contracted contingent energy at excellent prices. And in light of that, we are also focusing on capital expenditures to prepare the plant to support those contracts in future years.
We are also very excited about our recently signed agreement and structure with Hoosier Energy and their distribution member, win, REMC that should allow us to attract industrial users of power, such as data centers, AI providers and power dense manufacturers to the Merom property. We believe leveraging our plan to help supply these large users of energy should allow us to operate the plant more efficiently in a volatile power environment and generate increased margins at or above what we can achieve in our -- in the traditional wholesale market.
We are already seeing increased interest and excitement around the prospect of this type of offering. If we succeed in attracting high-powered demand customer through this structure, it moves Hallador up the electricity value chain, providing additional margin and stability to our earnings for years to come. Combined with our increased volume of Ford Power sales, we believe these types of opportunities will continue to improve the long-term outlook for the company and provide a stable platform to leverage both our power and coal assets in a responsible, sustainable and profitable manner.
We have been very deliberate in structuring these bilateral sales contracts to limit our exposure to unplanned and for that matter, planned outages and other unexpected challenges in what we expect to be an increasingly volatile power market. Negotiating deals in this way protects us from downside risk but is also extremely bespoke process, which takes significantly more time than simply agreeing to firm power contracts and accepting that additional risk.
The offshoot of this is that while we methodically build our sales book, we are subject to the whims of the spot power market. And more specifically, to the weather and other factors impacting short-term electrical demand. As we saw throughout the last several months, when you have 60 and 70-degree days in winter, the typical energy prices, we would expect to get -- see, get thrown out the window, and you end up in a situation where the plant simply does not dispatch.
The continued depression of natural gas prices exacerbated this issue and our fourth quarter results were impacted by all of these factors. Just as an example, while the average spot price for energy at Merom was around $69 in 2022, the mild winter and low gas pricing drove the average price down to about $31 in 2023. The spot market pricing really highlights the importance of the longer-term contracts that we continue to put in place, especially as we continue to spend CapEx to ready the plant to support those sales.
Since January of 2023, we have contracted nearly $500 million in future energy and capacity deals. Many of these deals extend through 2028 with the higher contracted prices occurring in '26, '27 and '28. In addition to the fourth quarter challenges at Merom, we also continue to fight against geology, inflationary pressure and operational challenges in our coal division alongside the continued retreat of the coal markets from the largely elevated pricing of the last couple of years.
In response to these changing events, we took steps to support liquidity and to increase the efficiency of our operations. In December, we implemented an at-the-market offering program under our existing shelf registration statement as a tool to fund any short-term financing needs. Under the ATM, we sold approximately 800,000 shares of Hallador stock in December of '23 and raised approximately $7.3 million of equity. We sold an additional 700,000 shares or so of Hallador stock in January of 2024 and raised an additional $6.6 million.
In addition, in February, several members of our Board further bolstered our liquidity through unsecured 1-year notes totaling $5 million. We are also starting to see capacity revenue come in, which, in combination with the items I just discussed, will add to the liquidity position and give us additional optionality as strategic opportunities like hedging, acquisitions or other ways to improve our balance sheet present themselves.
Our near-term actions to improve liquidity will be done in a prudent and strategic manner to respond to changing events or to take advantage of market opportunities and furtherance of our long-term outlook. In February, we also restructured our coal operations in an initiative designed to add efficiency to our operations and create higher margins in our coal segment. As part of this initiative, we idled production at our higher-cost Prosperity mine and substantially idle production at the Freelandville mine where we expect to finish reclamation late in the second quarter of 2024. These moves should reduce our capital reinvestment for coal production in 2024 by approximately $10 million, thus reducing CapEx for our coal division from $35 million to approximately $25 million. We are also focusing our 7 units of underground equipment on 4 units of our lowest cost production at Oaktown. As part of this initiative, we reduced our workforce by approximately 110 employees, which we expect to start creating OpEx savings once the warrant period expires in the second quarter.
While this was a difficult decision on a personal level, it was the right thing to do for the company, and we believe that it will improve our operational efficiency relatively quickly. By focusing on our most efficient mining and highest margin coal, we expect to produce about 4.5 million tons annually of higher-margin coal as compared to 6 million historical tons of production at the Oaktown mining complex.
Additionally, in 2024, we have secured supplemental coal from third-party suppliers at favorable prices. This allows us to diversify self-production supply risk and provides us with additional flexibility in our sales portfolio. The optionality to obtain low-cost tons either internally or from third parties, while capturing upward swings in commodity markets for coal and electricity should further maximize margins while optimizing fuel costs at Merom.
As we enter the traditionally mild spring, seasonal electricity prices could remain weak. However, we remain excited about the transformation of Hallador from a commodity-focused producer of coal to a vertically integrated independent power producer. We believe that this transition provides significant opportunity to capture the increased margins of the energy markets to take advantage of the soaring demand for electricity and to step up the value chain in a more sustainable and future-proofed industry that which we have traditionally -- been that, of which we have traditionally operated in. As evidenced by the ongoing build of our long-term sales book, this deliberate movement into the electricity sector should materially strengthen our company and the products that we sell. As I said at the start of my comments, despite a challenging quarter, I'm very pleased with our annual results and the continued evolution of Hallador as a company. That concludes our prepared remarks. I'll now open the line up for questions.
[Operator Instructions] And our first question today is from the line of Lucas Pipes of B. Riley.
I first wanted to touch on the liquidity and how you think about it. So you used the ATM a little bit late last year, earlier this year, there were the unsecured notes. Do you manage to a minimum cash balance or minimum liquidity balance? I would appreciate your thoughts on that.
Well, I think -- look, we are -- in this -- until we finish filling out our sales book, which we think we have enormous opportunities in front of us to add to that position this year. There's a lot of RFPs out, a lot of interest but in the meantime, we're very subject to spot prices of power, which is very much influenced by the weather or like there -- so when we think about liquidity, you can never have too much, right? But that being said, I mean, we are -- our Board of Directors owns roughly 31% of the shares. And so our interests are very much in line with the shareholders because we are substantial shareholders, including myself. And so it's a balance. We have to look at what do we think power prices will be for the year? And how much liquidity do we need to fulfill our obligations of improving the plant keeping the coal mines up in tiptop shape.
We probably had about as much as it could go wrong in the fourth quarter went wrong, right? We had half the plant off-line. Part of that was planned. Part of that was off unplanned. We had moved a lot of equipment around at the coal mines, trying to get all 7 units in better production. And finally, in February, decided we were going to focus on our 4 best units of production, and we were going to buy some coal from third parties.
And so there's just a lot that goes into that question. I don't think we have an exact target number. I think it's more -- we're looking at our sales book and what the opportunities are and where we can get comfortable with margins locked in contractually in managing the liquidity until we reach that point in the road.
Got it. Really appreciate that. And turning a bit to kind of the Q1 outlook. You already mentioned the weather hasn't been supportive. What insights would you be able to provide here at this point as it relates to Q1? How much of those issues kind of continued into the quarter.
It sounds like they did at least on the coal side. And for the full year, what sort of volume should we anticipate at this point? And then on the power side, is that part of the discussion around kind of filling out the sales book? Or was that really more in regards to coal?
All right. So I'm not sure I got all your questions, Lucas. On the sales book, where we see opportunities is, look, the market is short capacity, right? We've seen these power generation supply has been relatively flat for about 20 years. And then we've been in this transition period of maybe a decade of closing baseload and replacing it with non dispatchable resources.
And that has shrunk the accredited capacity. And I mean, MISO says, they've got some reports out that, say, in the next couple of years if people retire assets. As announced, the reserve margins go negative. So that won't happen. So -- but it just kind of shows how tight the situation has become from a generation point of view, particularly in MISO.
And now you add in this explosion of AI, right? Mean the growth in that industry is just kind of unprecedented, right? And there's all sorts of reports. So I don't really know which numbers to believe. But essentially, these companies that are trying to race to develop AI, they can't find places to plug in. And so they are short capacity, we happen to be long capacity.
And this is kind of happening everywhere, right? We've talked to a lot of different utilities about would they have interest in selling there other plants to us. And there's always some interest out there. But what's also been surprising is how many have said, yes, we know we show a retirement date and we're going to push that out because we're seeing all of this new demand suddenly show up from manufacturing from Europe, from AI, from EVs. So it's -- the long-term trend from us, we are extremely bullish.
The short term, we're depending on weather in the spot market until we feel this book out. But there are major RFPs out right now for power and capacity, and we feel we have a high probability of success in obtaining some of that. We are extremely excited about this new structure, we were able to get Hoosier and win REMC to work with us on to try to attract high high-demand users of power to our site because we feel that, look, either that's going to offer us better terms than we can get in the wholesale market, or we're not going to do it.
But we feel just from the early indications and please keep in mind, we just signed this agreement like a week ago. So we're early in this process but we will be running an RFP to see who's interested in locating our site and can we get terms that are better than what we see in the long-term wholesale market. Certainly, you're going to see us add to both positions. And I hope this year in a very meaningful way.
On the coal side of the business, Merom is a significant customer of our Sunrise Coal division. And if you look, you'll see in the 10-K when we release that, we went ahead and contracted that business to ourselves just to try to add more clarity and set that price out for the next handful of years. And when we do that, it really kind of shows that materially for the next 4 years, we're extremely well hedged or sold, contracted on the coal side of the business.
So I think that answered 2 of your questions. I can't remember what the third was.
This was very helpful. The third one was on the outlook for Q1 and the full year. I do have another question on the MOU. So maybe since you mentioned it, I'll raise this one first. Is this an MOU for behind-the-meter power essentially? And then how quickly do you think you could see something materialize and I'd assume you'd have some construction that would need to take place the build out of a data center, would have you. So kind of best case, when could you supply power to a customer?
Yes. So we will go out for RFP this spring, hopefully, next month. We're trying to get that in order to see what the demands of the markets are. We have, I think, a fair amount of flexibility on what we can offer customers. And quite frankly, I don't know what the build times will be.
We've had some customers without an RFP knock on our door, say they'd like to begin construction in 3 months. I think that's probably too aggressive. Could we see something as early as next year? Possibly. But we're not really far and off along in those conversations to give any guidance around what the timing is. I think what we're excited about is just what we've seen other companies do both in Indiana and throughout the Midwest, we've seen some really large developments and those prices don't get published, but they do get whispered and if that holds true, we're excited about what that could potentially be.
Again, until we see an RFP results, it's really hard to say. We're just excited about the opportunity. And then as far as our first quarter, we saw one week of really cold extreme weather. So the power plants performed well through that period, and that was a profitable time. And the rest of winter so far has been extremely mild. I mean, it's -- we've had some 60 and 70-degree days in both February and March in Indiana. So we don't know what that means.
We're heading into the shoulder season here next month. That traditionally is low power demand, but winter is traditionally high power demand, and that hasn't proved to be the case. So we'll see if this turns out to be a hot summer, we're encouraged by -- we've got extremely cheap gas today. And then when you start to get out to October, November, we have reasonable gas prices again up in the 3s and $350 range every month thereafter.
So the power curve is seeing that, and it has remained robust so far but short-term prices have been cheap. And so we'll just manage through that. And that's why we're going to -- we will keep a very close eye on liquidity to make sure that we are successful. And there could be some opportunities again here with the MOU that we just signed.
Yes. Directionally, would you expect Q1 to be worse than Q4?
Well, I'm not prepared to give guidance on Q1 at a 10-K earnings call. So we'll wait and see what those results are. Quarter is not over.
Helpful. I'll do one last one. Why was it necessary for Hoosier to be part of the MOU?
So we, as Hallador, are only allowed to sell wholesale power. And when you start attracting customers for data centers and what not, that is industrial power. And so that technically has to be sold through a structure that involves Hoosier and their distributed cooperative win REMC. And so we basically negotiated with them for a period of time to say, hey, there's an opportunity here for everybody. Let's work together and see if we can have success. And those guys have just been terrific partners every step of the way and continue to do so. And as such, I think we have a real opportunity to not only create value for Hallador but create value for Hoosier win REMC and their customers.
[Operator Instructions] It seems we have no further questions in the queue for today. So I would like to hand back to Brent Bilsland for any concluding remarks. My apologies, we do have -- we have -- just had a question registered. And we have a question on the line here from Roger Zigler.
It's Roger Zigler, individual investor. The -- so in recapping the -- and one question and a comment. Is there anybody else in the coal industry who is making or has made this transition to integrated -- vertically integrated independent gold producer and a power producer as you are. That's my first question, I guess. [indiscernible].
Well, that's a good question. I think -- to my knowledge, Hallador is the only company that has acquired and has interest to acquire more coal-fired power plants and a public structure. And so we're happy and excited about what we were able to do at Merom. We think there are other possible opportunities out there to replicate. And so we will -- but as far as other people in the industry doing this, I know of some others that are buying plants in a private structure, but I'm not aware of anyone doing it in a public structure. It's not to say it doesn't exist, it's just to say, I'm unaware of it.
Okay. And I think you've pretty much answered this, but just for how we should think about the, say, the 2024 outlook, there's some tremendous opportunities. It sounds like you're really building for like on a 3-, 4-year build-out but the -- is it as simple as if you get in Indiana and maybe the surrounding power areas get a -- finally get a hot summer following the second warm winter in a row? Is that going to just be like it's going to springboard net gas, coal and your power markets considerably, correct? I mean is it that simple?
Yes. I mean power market is going to move so quick. I mean we can see spot prices one day be $20 a megawatt hour and 3 days later, they're $250. I mean those are weather-driven events. We're trying to get to a contracted sales book, and we're having a lot of success to do that and doing so. And we have a huge amount of business out for bid as we speak. But we'll see how successful we are in securing those contracts.
But I think we have multiple customers, multiple avenues, particularly with the MOU now to add to that. And what excites us is we see Hallador and its traditional margins that it made in coal. And then we see what -- if you look at our sales table, in the 10-K when it gets published in the next day or so. Look at the pricing for power, particularly when you get out in the 26%, 27%, 28%, range, our margins are dramatically higher, and we think we can continue to have success contracting for power and capacity at higher margins.
We haven't gotten our sales book filled out as fast as I would have liked, but I think our team has done a terrific job. And the way we're going about it, and you have to find willing dance partners and they're showing up. It just takes more time because it's a very bespoke process and filling that out. And so our earnings are going to be a little episodic depending on weather here for the next handful of quarters, we were -- the market changed so dramatically from our earnings call in November, what we saw the power curve there for December, January, February versus what it actually ended up being was completely a different number just based on the fact that we had what some people are calling the warmest winter in history, right?
We don't know what that means for the spring and the summer the tunnel. If it's hot, one thing about it, the wind mills -- MISO has a very high percentage of wind mills. It has very little solar panels that have been built, very little. Like 0.5% of their generation. But the wind tends not to blow on hot days. So we're actually seeing -- theoretically, we think we'll see a peak in the summertime versus where we used to see it in the wintertime.
So that's what we're looking at. We're in contract discussions with customers to see how soon we can start pulling some of these higher prices forward. And so that's what our team will be working on this summer. And we'll just have to see how it plays out. Hopefully, we'll see some warm weather, that would certainly be helpful. But long term, we're just extremely excited because we think the earnings potential of the company has dramatically improved.
And we feel that our future sales book is starting to demonstrate that to the public. But I don't know from a shareholder perspective, will investors be focused on this quarter and next? Or will they be focused on what we're building that's later this year and early into next year and beyond. So stay tuned.
Yes. To say you're basically spring loaded is seeming to be an understatement with the things you have in place here. So good luck on that. And appreciate it.
And we have no further questions in the queue. So I'd now like to hand back to Brent Bilsland for some closing remarks.
I want to thank everyone for taking the time today to tune into our call and your interest in Hallador Energy. We greatly appreciate it. Thank you.
This concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.