Nova Ltd
NASDAQ:NVMI
Earnings Call Analysis
Q4-2023 Analysis
Nova Ltd
Nova concluded the previous fiscal year surpassing revenue and profit expectations, with both GAAP and non-GAAP EPS reaching record highs. Their success story is not just a fleeting chapter but a convincing narrative of consistent strategic moves to exploit new market opportunities. With key growth drivers showing positive trends, the company is confidently steering toward a growth trajectory that may outperform market expectations in 2024.
The fourth quarter's favorable outcome was largely fueled by a broader adoption of Nova's diversified metrology solutions, particularly in materials and optical metrology, across a varied customer base, ranging from DRAM manufacturers to hybrid bonding and memory domains. Service business growth also contributed to the strength of their year-end results, underscoring the robustness of Nova's expansion strategies.
The increasing complexity of semiconductor manufacturing, spurred by advancements like AI, 3D memory architectures, and new materials, is converting into a growing demand for Nova's process control technologies. This demand growth underpins Nova's strategy for diversified expansion, with encouraging developments in their chemical metrology and packaging solutions that saw revenues surge by around 30% year-over-year.
Nova's products continue to gain traction in the market. Innovations like ELIPSON and METRION are increasing customer engagement, which, combined with the growing popularity of the VeraFlex platform, paint a promising picture for the company's future performance in high-volume manufacturing.
Nova's service division is proving to be a significant growth engine with record performance, setting the stage for sustained success. Concurrently, infrastructural investments such as the new cleanroom in Israel, which commenced operations in mid-2023, and the upcoming chemical division facility in Germany hint at Nova's commitment to long-term growth and its readiness to meet future demand.
Nova's solid financial position is underlined by their generation of $106 million in free cash flow, and they've kept a healthy working capital cycle with days sales outstanding at approximately 80 days and inventory turnover approximately twice a year. Looking into the first quarter of 2024, they project revenues between $134 million and $140 million and foresee GAAP and non-GAAP EPS in the ranges of $1.00 to $1.12 and $1.21 to $1.33, respectively. This guidance anticipates gross margins increasing to about 57% on GAAP and 59% on non-GAAP, operating expenses up to about $45 million on GAAP and $40 million on non-GAAP, with financial income steady and tax rates at about 15%.
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Good day, and welcome to the Nova Limited Fourth Quarter 2023 Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please note the event is being recorded.
And now I would like to turn the conference over to Miri Segal. Please go ahead.
Thank you, operator, and good day to everybody. I would like to welcome all of you to Nova's Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Financial Results Conference Call.
With us on the line today are Gaby Waisman, President and CEO; and Dror David, CFO. Before we begin, may I remind our listeners that certain information provided on this call may contain forward-looking statements and the safe harbor statement outlined in today's earnings release also pertains to this call. If you have not received a copy of the, please view it in the Investor Relations section of the company's website.
Gaby will begin the call with a business update, followed by Dror with an overview of the financials. We will then open the call for the question-and-answer session.
I'll now turn the call over to Gaby Waisman, Nova's President and CEO. Gaby, please go ahead.
Thank you, Miri, and thank you all for joining us today. I will start the call today by summarizing our fourth quarter and full year performance highlights. Following my commentary, Dror will review the quarterly and annual financial results in detail.
Nova delivered a robust quarter, exceeding the top end of our guidance for revenue and profit, with GAAP and non-GAAP EPS reaching an all-time high, concluding the fiscal year on a higher note than initially expected.
Nova's performance remains steadfast, showcasing the strength of our diversified and agile business model. We persist with our long-term strategic plans to solidify our position and seize new opportunities across customers, markets and technologies. Nova is uniquely positioned to accelerate its market adoption in hybrid bonding as well as high bandwidth memory and to capitalize on the transition to gate-all-around through our strong stance in advanced logic manufacturing.
Looking forward, we witnessed encouraging trends across our key growth drivers that we expect to steer us to a path of growth and outperformance in 2024. Our performance this quarter was driven by the continued proliferation of materials metrology and chemical metrology solutions across both front-end and back-end markets and the expanding adoption of optical metrology solutions among multiple DRAM customers. The encouraging results of the fourth quarter and fiscal year are indicative of our aptitude in addressing the myriad needs of process control in IC manufacturing. This proficiency plays a key role in leveraging opportunities as evidenced by the significant expansion of our customer base.
Our Prism standalone optical metrology platforms secured several wins with memory, logic and hybrid bonding customers. Furthermore, we exit 2023 with a growing adoption of Nova's VeraFlex, XPS and XRF ELIPSON in-line Raman and ancolyzer and ancosys chemical metrology solutions.
Finally, our service business demonstrated consistent growth, reaching another annual revenue record.
I want to take a minute and highlight some of the technology inflection points and industry growth drivers that we identify as the propellers of Nova's growth. The surge in AI-related demand also drives the need for energy-efficient computing power and accelerates demand for advanced processing nodes and memory solutions from the network to the client side.
Our customers are spearheading the transition to 3D architectures that enable high-bandwidth memory and highly advanced logic integrated circuits as well as advanced packaging solutions. These evolutions in turn translate into larger and more complex dies that require a growing number of wafers, a higher number of layers and a leap in the number of process steps at the much smaller tolerance for error.
Manufacturers now need high-quality metrology across the entire wafer from the center to the very edge. They must control highly complex 3D design with high aspect ratios and underlayer structures. They need to monitor new materials, measuring ultra-thin films, composition and structures on the wafer and indie, and they must solve manufacturing challenges that arise from gate-all-around transistors, 3D memory architectures backside power delivery, hybrid bonding and other methods aimed at generating faster, more efficient and more powerful devices, all of which translates to a growing need for process controls. Nova's achievements over the past quarter, coupled with our growth guidance for the first quarter of 2024, reflect our ability to cash in on the opportunities for a strategy of diversified growth. We built a variety of opportunities in 2023 that we expect to capitalize on in 2024.
Our Chemical Metrology division delivered on the promise, growing to a record annual revenues in 2023, fueled by the increasing demand for metrology in packaging production lines. Notably, in Q4, we secured several new packaging customers and received a large order from a leading global memory manufacturer. Our optical metrology expanded into hybrid bonding, high-bandwidth memory and related applications through a dedicated optical metrology portfolio. As a result, we increased our revenues from the advanced packaging domain by approximately 30% year-over-year. Our portfolio addresses critical applications such Through-Silicon Via essential for the successful manufacturing of AI-related devices. We have been collaborating with our customers for several years to develop these dedicated solutions. We are proud to be the first to market with the industry's top 5 customers having either purchased or engaged in evaluations with Nova.
For example, the Nova Prism has already been selected by a leading global foundry and its evaluation process with additional leading manufacturers. Therefore, we expect our revenues from advanced packaging to grow significantly in 2024. I mentioned earlier the transition to advanced nodes. And here, we see our technology growth engine coming into play. The advent of gate-all-around an advanced memory drives the need for our unique materials metrology portfolio, resulting in increased customer traction for ELIPSON and METRION and wider adoption of our VeraFlex platform.
Nova ELIPSON has been chosen as a process tool of record for advanced DRAM production by a leading global memory manufacturer, who has already placed repeat orders for the tool. We also expect additional evaluations with other customers later this year.
Nova METRION is also making strides. We recently announced the availability of the platform's second generation and in Q4, we received evaluation purchase orders from 2 of the world's leading memory manufacturers. Platform has already been adopted by 3 other customers and we expect to expand our footprint by the end of this year.
The Nova VeraFlex platform proved that it is indeed an industry stable, landing new logic and memory customers in Q4. The newest generation, VeraFlex 4 grew approximately 170% year-over-year and is quickly taking over from previous versions, proliferating in high-volume manufacturing. VeraFlex 4 offers higher productivity and improved metrology performance that brings true measurable value and an expanded application space to our customers.
Finally, our Service division delivered record performance and increased the share of revenue from contracts by 24%, leveraging the expansion of our installed base, which surpassed 5,400 tools and cementing its importance as one of our growth engines. Beyond our focus on expanding our presence in new market segments and penetration of new technologies, we also dedicated many of our resources this year to building the infrastructure that will support our growth in 2024 and beyond.
We opened a new clean room in Israel. We expanded our offices in Korea to provide better support closer to our customers, and we opened an innovation center in the U.S. In 2024, we plan to invest in building our presence and capacity and in increasing the efficiency and agility of information systems and processes. We also plan to accelerate our investments in research and development in close collaboration with our customers and partners.
In summary of my prepared remarks, I believe that our well-established fundamentals will help us increase exposure to additional opportunities in adjacent markets and processes, new customers and additional critical applications.
Our strategic priorities remain intact with continuous investment in our long-term roadmap and by partnering with our customers across all territories. In 2024, we expect to capitalize on the opportunities created by our enhanced market position, resume our growth trajectory and outperform the market.
Now for some more detail on our financials, let me hand over the call to Dror.
Thanks, Gaby. Good day, everyone, and thank you for joining our 2023 fourth quarter and annual conference call. Total revenues in the fourth quarter of 2023 were $134 million, exceeding the company guidance for the fourth quarter and growing 4% quarter-over-quarter. Product revenue distribution was approximately 65% from Logic and Foundry and approximately 35% from Memory, similar to the previous quarter. Blended gross margin reduced in the fourth quarter and came in at 55% on a GAAP basis and 57% on a non-GAAP basis. This result is at the lower end of the company non-GAAP target model of 57% to 59% and is related to quarterly record revenues from chemical metrology, which gross margins are lower than the company average. We expect gross margins to rebound already in the first quarter of 2024.
As expected, operating expenses increased in the fourth quarter, reaching $40 million on a GAAP basis and $36 million on a non-GAAP basis. Operating margins in the fourth quarter were 25% on a GAAP basis and 30% on a non-GAAP basis at the higher end of the company's non-GAAP target model of 27% to 31%.
Financial income in the quarter continued to increase due to higher yields on cash reserves totaling $7 million. As expected, the effective tax rate in the fourth quarter reduced to approximately 7%, below the company's 14% to 15% model due to year-end tax adjustments and status of limitation. Earnings per share in the fourth quarter exceeded the company guidance, reaching an all-time record high. This outcome reflects the effective and agile business model of the company, combining a unique and differentiated product portfolio, embedding high customer value proposition with effective and prudent operational and financial management. GAAP earnings per share were a record $1.20 per diluted share and non-GAAP earnings per share were record $1.36. Moving on to the annual results for calendar year 2023. Revenues decreased by 9% year-over-year, reflecting the generally lower industry investment and capacity expansions in 2023. Annual product revenue distribution in 2023 was approximately 70% from Logic and Foundry and approximately 30% from Memory, similar to 2022. Gross margins for the year came in at 57% on a GAAP basis and 59% on a non-GAAP basis at the high end of the company target model of 57% to 59%. Year-over-year, the company was able to increase gross margins by approximately 1% in a declining industry environment. We believe this result is a testimony to the company's ability to deliver high customer value through a combination of technology leadership and superior cost of ownership. Operating expenses in 2023 slightly decreased year-over-year, reflecting the management cost containment initiatives implemented as early as the industry cycle was identified at the beginning of 2023. Operating margins for the year came in at 26% on a GAAP basis and 30% on a non-GAAP basis at the high end of the company's non-GAAP target financial model of 27% to 31%. Earnings per diluted share on an annual basis came in at $4.28 on a GAAP basis and $4.86 on a non-GAAP basis. During 2023, the company generated $106 million in free cash flow and presented healthy parameters related to working capital management with days sales outstanding of approximately 80 days and inventory turnovers of approximately 2x a year. In addition, during 2023, the company continues infrastructure and capital investments, including new Clean Room in Israel, which commenced manufacturing in mid-2023 and the new facility for the chemical division in Germany, which is expected to open by the end of 2024. We anticipate capital investments to remain elevated throughout 2024. Finally, I would like to share the details of our guidance for the first quarter of 2024. Currently, we expect revenues to be between $134 million and $140 million, GAAP earnings per diluted share to range from $1 to $1.12, non-GAAP earnings per diluted share to range from $1.21 to $1.33. At the midpoint of the first quarter 2024 estimate, we anticipate the following: Gross margins to increase to approximately 57% on a GAAP basis and approximately 59% on a non-GAAP basis at the higher end of the company's non-GAAP target model. Operating expenses to increase to approximately $45 million on a GAAP basis and $40 million on a non-GAAP basis. Financial income to be similar to that of the fourth quarter and the tax rate to be approximately 15%. With that, I will turn the call back to Gaby. Gaby?
Thank you, Dror. Our prepared remarks are now concluded. We would be happy to take your questions. Operator?
[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Vivek Arya from Bank of America Securities.
Good to see the strong start to the year. The one thing that stands out is the sharp rebound in gross margins to 59%. I was hoping you could help us -- first, give us a sense that can you sustain this? And then does it mean moves down? Just help us kind of give a shape of how we should think about gross margin. But more importantly, how do you think it informs us about the mix of your growth drivers this year?
Sure. So obviously, we are going to increase revenues in the first quarter based on our guidance. So it doesn't necessarily mean that revenues will reduce, but definitely, the percentage of revenues will be different. And given the fact this portion of our business is working in the packaging arena with a little bit lower gross margins, it has -- it had some negative impact in Q4, but we do expect a rebound in Q1. As of the whole year, we are definitely expecting to be within the non-GAAP target model of 57%, 59%, hopefully, at the higher portion of this range for the year.
Okay. And then just overall, the WFE environment. So far, what we have heard from your peers is kind of a low to mid-single-digit growth year for WFE. I was hoping, Gaby, if you could give us your sense of how you see the spending environment, especially first half versus second half. And then leading edge versus trailing edge logic. I think on the last call, you mentioned you saw somewhat of a shift towards leading edge in the first half. So just overall, your views on how the industry spending environment can shape up this year because you're already starting the year, right, with year-on-year growth. And if I were to just annualize this, you would already be above -- somewhat above where your peers are suggesting the industry growth environment to be. So any color there would be very helpful.
So it's a bit early to say, but we've seen a low, I would say, mid-single-digit WFE growth in 2024. Naturally, we are planning to outperform these figures. But that changes and I think that it's very difficult to say whether it's going to be a lower number or around that number. But the bottom line is that we are very confident about our plan, and we have the ability to outperform the WFE in that respect. With regards to advanced nodes, especially on the Logic, we are seeing a recovery towards -- and higher investments towards the second part of 2024, so we're going to start with a higher percentage of trailing and then it's going to probably shift towards the advanced nodes, especially on the Logic and Foundry side, probably towards the second part of 2024.
All right. And one last one, if I may. Just any views on spending from your customers in China. So last year, we saw a very strong demand for trailing edge right and then later in the year, demand for DRAM. How do you see China overall from an industry perspective in terms of their WFE spending this year? Or what are your assumptions flat, up, down? And within that, if you could give us some views on how you see that mix of spending shaping from your China customers?
Sure. So we expect demand to continue into 2024. While we're probably going to see increased level of investments in the West, starting to kick in at the later part, but we definitely see a very stable demand from China, and we don't expect that to change anytime soon. And this mix will allow us to have a more diversified revenue stream, it's a growing business outlook. As I said -- as I mentioned before, the mix between -- or the ratio between trailing and advance, which also relates to China will probably change towards the second half.
[Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from Charles Shi from Needham & Company.
So Gaby, maybe can you give some color around how to think about the quarterly progression through this year because did have this slight uptick in revenue in Q1. Should we be expecting more or less around that level because when I look at the performance of Nova last year, there was a couple of quarters that you actually reached the $130 million level. I assume we're not going back there. But any color in terms of the progression would be great, a little bit of beyond Q1.
So it's difficult to give some insight at this moment towards the next quarters, but we do see potential for growth as a result of the advanced nodes investment, which is probably going to be tilted towards the second half, and obviously, the increased investments in hybrid bonding and high-bandwidth memory. So these kind of investment engines definitely giving some grounds to believe that there is a potential towards the second half for higher growth.
That's very helpful. I noticed in the press release and the prepared remarks, it seems like there's something new in terms of your product adoption, which is the optic on metrology solutions for high-bandwidth memory. Your peer Onto, I think they also mentioned about deploying some of the high-end OCD tools for high-bandwidth memory application, a little bit a while back. Can you kind of talk about -- give a little bit more details about this new adoption and why it happened and what's the outlook for further adoption and any financial implications?
So we've been working with our customers in that area for the last couple of years in order to make sure that we have a unique portfolio, a customized want to address the specific needs in both hybrid bonding and high-bandwidth memory. And I'm very proud to say, as I mentioned before, that we were first to market and that our optical metrology product suite, including the PRISM as well as the integrated metrology has been adopted in both those segments. Obviously, this is a beginning, and we see a higher adoption and we'll see a higher adoption as we continue in terms of some of those evaluations that are ongoing other than the customers that already adopted the portfolio materializing for us. And this is definitely one of the growth engines that I alluded to in the previous answer towards the continuum of 2024.
[Operator Instructions] There are no further questions at this moment. So I will turn the conference over to Gaby Waisman, President and CEO of Nova for some closing remarks. Thank you.
Thank you, operator, and thank you all for joining our call today.
And the conference has now concluded. Thank you very much for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect. Enjoy the rest of your day.