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Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd
Earnings Call Analysis
Q2-2024 Analysis
Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd
The company acknowledged a leadership transition, with Ashok Vaswani stepping in as the MD and CEO. His background from Citigroup and Barclays indicates a focus on enhancing the digital capabilities of the bank. Macroeconomically, India's growth narrative remains robust, but caution is advised due to geopolitical tensions, increasing oil prices, and inflation pressure, which could affect interest rates and ultimately, credit cycles. The expectation is to focus on the growth to net interest margin (NIM) trade-off, indicating a strategic pivot towards sustainable profitability over aggressive credit expansion.
Earnings indicate significant growth with a 24% year-over-year (Y-o-Y) increase in post-tax profits, up to INR 4,461 crores, and healthy sequential growth of 7%. Kotak Securities and Kotak Investments showed particularly robust performance with notable profit contributions, bolstered by market share growth and significant year-on-year advances growth of nearly 50%. The bank showcased solid asset growth, good solvency ratios, and a steady return on assets (ROA) with a customer asset increase of 19% over the last year. Interest income and fee services sustained their upward trajectory, despite some one-time items affecting margins.
Customer count has notably increased by 9.2 million since last year, an impressive growth to a total of 45.8 million clients. Asset quality has improved with gross non-performing assets (GNPA) declining from 2.08% to 1.72%, reducing absolute GNPA figures to INR 6,087 crores. Net non-performing assets (NPA) improved to 0.37% compared to 0.55% in the previous year. Slippages during the quarter were offset by recoveries, resulting in net slippages of just over INR 1000 crores. The bank also achieved a considerable capital adequacy ratio, predominantly comprising Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), underscoring financial resilience and stability.
The wholesale and commercial banking segments showed consistent demand and advances growth, signaling overall business health. Strategy indicates a shift from lower-yield bonds to higher-spread loans, prudent given the current interest rate scenario. SME business, while facing competitive pressures, saw a tailored strategy for risk-adjusted returns. The bank has also fortified its digital acquisition, with significant portions of personal loans and credit cards being sourced through digital channels. Additionally, the newly launched platforms for loan origination and collections have further cemented their technological progression.
Behind the scene, a mammoth transformation is underway, focused on modernizing the technological back end. This includes significant system upgrades such as data centers and core banking platforms, building a DevOps infrastructure, and investing in engineering talent. The bank has selectively avoided outsourcing these core functions to retain control and ensure long-term stability, scalability, and resiliency of their platforms.
Kotak Securities elevated its total income and profits before tax significantly, driven by the growth of its new trading platform, Neo. The asset management business reported a healthy 18% Y-o-Y growth in average assets under management (AUM), with a marked increase in equity AUM. Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) inflows and offshore funds also recorded strong growth, showcasing the depth of their investment management capabilities.
The firm is diversifying its revenue streams through the development of a comprehensive alternative assets platform, attracting global and domestic investors. The previous quarter saw significant commitments and investments, with a private credit fund launched for mid-market companies, indicating a strategic move into various high-potential asset classes.
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Ladies and gentlemen, good day, and welcome to the Kotak Mahindra Bank Q2 FY '24 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please note that this conference is being recorded. I now hand the conference over to Mr. Dipak Gupta Managing Director and CEO of Kotak Mahindra Bank. Thank you, and over to you, Mr. Gupta.
Thank you. Good evening, friends. It sort of feels quite odd. As you are aware, Uday has done the opening remarks for the bank religiously for the past umpteen years. And here, I am a night watchman being the opening batsman for a change. I'm sure there are quite a few such parallels in cricket. Hopefully, several of them would have lived up to their expectations. The night watchman piece also reminds me, you would have seen our announcement earlier in the day regarding receipt of the RBI approval for our recommendation of Ashok Vaswani as the next MD and CEO of the bank. Just to give you a quick background, Ashok is a veteran banker with a proven track record initially at Citigroup and then more recently at Barclays. He brings with him significant experience in building consumer and corporate businesses across various geographies, leveraging forward-leaning technologies. His recent stints have been as CEO of Barclays U.K. and as the Global Consumer and Digital Head of Barclays PLC. We expect Ashok to accelerate the pace of digital and technology at Kotak, focusing on delivering enhanced customer value.
Friends on the macro side, the India story continues to be exciting across most parameters. However, the emerging global geopolitical trend warrants increasing caution. Increasing oil prices are what we have to monitor closely. Its additive impact on domestic inflation trends need to be watched out for. Liquidity, again, is likely to continue being tight, whether driven by policy or by market pressures. And hence, as indicated by our Governor recently, this will keep pressure on interest rates. Fortunately, the credit cycle still looks acceptable. However, continuing inflation and elevated interest rates will ultimately create uncomfortable outcomes. Net-net, for some time into the near future, I expect the growth to NIM trade-off to be better bet as compared to the growth to credit trade-off and probably that's what we will be following.
Coming specifically to Kotak, Jaimin will take you through the numbers and my other colleagues. You will note that the financials look very balanced and comfortable across all parameters. Growth is well rounded. You will, however, see a more-than-expected drop in NIMs this time, but as Jaimin will explain about 15, 16 odd basis points of it is unlikely to be repeated. SA continues to be a challenge, especially the higher ticket size ones. And if you exclude the government business related SA, I suspect this is going to be an industry-wide problem. That's all from my side. Jaimin, over to you.
Thank you, Dipak. So let me take the commentary on the quarter. Let me take the consolidated numbers first. So if we look at the current quarter, we ended the quarter with a post-tax profit of INR 4,461 crores, which is roughly about 24% higher than what we did in the same quarter last year and about 7% higher than what we did in quarter 1 this year. The bank contributed about 72% of the overall profits with INR 3,191 crores. Kotak Securities being the other major contributor with INR 324 crores of post-tax profit, which was a growth of 45% over what the recorded a year ago. Kotak Securities market share again continuing to grow from what was 5% in quarter 2 last year to 8.8% this period.
Kotak Prime brought in INR 208 crores this year which is a tad lower than what they did last year. It is mainly due to a reduction of some profits on account of a rundown of bought-out portfolio which we had done a year ago. The vehicle finance business in Kotak Prime continued to grow, which was about 31% growth on a Y-o-Y basis and about 9% on a Q-o-Q basis. The other NBFC, which is Kotak Investments had a post-tax profit of INR 126 crores, which is significantly higher than 78% -- INR 78 crores, which was a year ago, this is on the back of a close to 50% growth in its advances book Y-o-Y.
The business correspondent entity BSS, which is largely microfinance, crossed INR 100 crore per quarter mark for the first time, the post-tax profit being INR 108 crores this quarter. And as we had announced earlier this week, the RBI had -- has also approved our acquisition of another microfinance company, which is Sonata based -- headquartered in the Uttar Pradesh here. The life insurance entity brought in a post-tax profit of INR 247 crores which was against INR 270 crore they did in quarter 2 last year and INR 193 crores in the sequentially preceding quarter. The domestic mutual fund business brought in INR 124 crores with the overall assets under management at the group level increasing by about 28% Y-o-Y, coming to close to INR 5 lakh crores at the group level.
At quarter 1, we had a consolidated adjustment of about INR 375 crores, which was largely on account of dividends, which was collected from the subsidiaries. Our customer asset at the consolidated level had bought INR 4,28,000 crores, about 19% higher than what we did a year ago, continue to have healthy capital ratios. The overall net worth at the group level at about INR 1,20,000 crores, the bank contributing close to 75% of it. Both the NBFC's Prime and Investments having CASA ratios of 27% and 28%, respectively. Life, again, having the solvency ratio reasonably higher at 2.7%. It gets us to an ROA at the group level of 2.68% and book value, including the profits for this quarter at INR 605 per share.
Coming to the bank stand-alone, the bank too clocked 24% Y-o-Y growth in post-tax profit bringing in INR 3,191 crores of profits this quarter. The net interest income for this period grew 23% Y-o-Y to INR 6,297 crores. We also saw growth of fees and services to INR 2,026 crores this quarter. The other income, which is non-season services part had a drop Q1 to Q2, one of that being -- reason being the dividend which came from the subsidiaries, brought roughly about INR 300 crores in quarter 1, which was not there in quarter 2. Similarly, there was a treasury profit in Q1, which also included what we gained on some security receipts, which is absent in Q2. This resulted in overall profit for Q2 being lower than Q1.
We continue to have a pretty large part of our book in AFS and HFT at September 30, 2023, 75% of our book was in AFS and HFT with the modified duration being -- net of OIS being 1.2 years. Our overall cost for this quarter, INR 4,000 crores, which is about 19% higher than what it was a year ago but just a tad up from what it was in the previous quarter. Other operating expenses this quarter includes certain amounts which we spent on promotion and marketing. Our pre-provisioning profits giving us a 29% Y-o-Y growth at INR 4,610 crores, provisioning of INR 367 crores coming to a post-provisioning of INR 4,244 crores. Our advances, which includes before the IBPC and BRDS, we brought in a 25% growth on a Y-o-Y basis, and this quarter itself saw a growth of 6%, which is not annualized.
On a Y-o-Y basis, we've seen growth across categories, credit cards, unsecured personal loans, home loans, LAP, tractors, CV/CEs, microfinance. This quarter, of course, saw a growth in the corporate loan book also. Our unsecured retail book, including the microfinance activity stands at 11% of our advances. NIM at 5.22% this quarter, against 5.15% a year ago, though lower than what we saw in the previous quarter. Mind you NIM is a calculation of balances on a daily average basis and not necessarily the end of period.
So during this period, we did have our active money growth coming in at 28% on the quarter. Some of this also came in from movement from our lower cost deposit accounts into active money. This quarter also saw the bank going in for some higher liquidity buffers, which resulted also in the LCR picking up on a quarter-on-quarter basis. We also had some short-term funds including a spate of IPOs which happened, which got invested into liquid investments at marginal gains on that transaction, but thus pulled down the overall yields and thereby the overall NIMs. Sequentially, Dipak mentioned, we do have some one-offs this period, roughly about 14, 15 bps.
As of June 30, the bank had 45.8 million customers, which is about 9.2 million higher than what it was a year ago. Asset quality at the bank, GNPA down from 2.08% a year ago to [ 1.72% ] even in absolute terms, down from INR 6,200 crores to INR 6,087. And with a PCR of 79%, our net NPA now at 0.37% versus what it was 0.55% a year ago. Slippages this quarter saw INR 1,314 crores, which did include things which went back into the normal category, about INR 300 crores got upgraded during the quarter, therefore, net slippage is coming at just over INR 1,000 crores. Our fund-based restructured standard under COVID and MSME at about 0.15% of our overall advances. SME too continuing to be low, which is for borrowers, INR 4 crores or INR 5 crores at INR 155 crores. CASA at 48.3% as of 30th September, and capital adequacy, including this quarter's profits at the bank, again healthy at 21.7%, with most of it being CET1, which is 20.6% and therefore, this quarter, we have an annualized ROA at the bank level of 2.45%. I'd pass it on to Manian to take up the overall figures.
Hi. Thank you, Jaimin. I'll make a short commentary on the wholesale business. During the quarter, we saw some reasonable demand for credit offtake from both larger corporates and SMEs. This quarter, our advances grew at a rate of about 17% Y-o-Y and 5% Q-o-Q. But that is not the full story, as you know. We need to look at the credit substitute book as well. Our credit substitute book witnessed some reduction as we focus more on loans with better spread than the low-yielding bonds. Given the current interest rate scenario, our focus on credit substitutes will remain relatively subdued. Overall, our funded asset book, including credit substitutes grew at about 10% Y-o-Y and 3% Q-o-Q, non-SME corporate would have grown just at about reaching double digits.
On the conglomerate side, we saw a shift of our book from bonds into advances, so it did show a healthy growth in advances. NBFC segment remains fairly robust. On the large corporate and mid-corporate space, if you recall, last time I had apprised you of the fact that we have set up a separate vertical for mid-corporate. Both these segments are growing at a healthy pace and in fact, mid-corporate is growing at close to 8% to 10% Q-o-Q.
On SME, while it remains our focus area, we are seeing some irrational competitive pressures in this segment and this is putting pressure on risk-reward metrics of this business, leading to some moderation in the growth to protect the profitability and ROE of this segment. We continue to scale up manpower and expand geographical footprint. The SME book grew at about 16% Y-o-Y and 5% Q-o-Q. The quality of the portfolio continues to be healthy. We continue to be focusing on identifying opportunities to leverage our structuring and advisory capabilities to identify better yielding assets without commensurate increasing the risk.
The book continues to -- overall, the corporate book continues to be healthy and with very negligible credit costs. On the liability side, balances have been bolstered strongly by the custody flows in the offshore space. On the non-custody front, we are seeing lower growth rates than we have seen in the past. We continue to focus on transaction banking business garnering higher wallet share in collections and payments. Tax payment flows grew robustly this quarter at about 12% Q-o-Q.
While DCM had a subdued quarter due to slippages in some large-deal revenue, growth of our other fee income remained robust. Technology remains a key focus area, and our investment in this space have ensured significant improvement in stability of our systems through this quarter and with minimal downtime. Fin has -- our integrated corporate portal for trade CMS and account services is ramping up quite well, and we have now gone live also with electronic bank guarantee solutions. We also went live with a 365-day CMS solution during this quarter. Overall, the business remains in good health with healthy ROA and robust profit growth. Now I'll hand it over to Shanti to take you through the commercial bank.
Thank you, Manian. I'll talk about the commercial banking business. The commercial vehicle industry saw a marginal uptick in volumes in Q2, 7% Y-o-Y for the quarter, though H1 was muted at 2% overall. This is on the volume. Some of this growth in Q2 is also due to larger wholesale dispatches in preparation for the expected festival demand season. At an industry level, the freight demand, viability and availability of return loans continues to be stable with the usual monsoon sporadic disruptions. We expect this to get better as we get into the festival season.
Within CV, in line with the trend in Q1, demand for passenger car segment continued to witness significant growth at 33% Y-o-Y. Whereas the goods segment, MHCV witnessed some demand, while SUV continues to show a flattish trend. Our disbursement volumes grew 30% Y-o-Y and we continue to outpace the growth in the industry, and we were able to improve some market share. Collection efficiency continues to be stable, and we will build our book and market share in the segment with a focus on risk-adjusted returns and more geographic distribution and footprint.
Coming to the construction equipment, the industry has seen a strong Y-o-Y growth of 23% in value terms, aided by a pickup in execution of infrastructure projects, earth-moving equipment, road handling, material handling equipment. All of it saw a growth. We could see healthy growth in roads, semi-urban housing, airports, ports also pick up due to the projects. I think the overall macroeconomic environment and thrust in infra has really helped improve the demand for the construction equipment. Our disbursement in value terms grew 39% Y-o-Y in quarter 2 and helped us gain market share. Collections are stable, too, and we expect to maintain our growth momentum in this segment in the second half of the year.
Tractor. The wholesale tractor industry was down by 6.6% Y-o-Y in Q2 and in H1 Y-o-Y, primarily on account of the delays and uneven rainfall in a few states. Compared to last year, there was a drop in September because of Navratri is in October this year as compared to September. Our tractor disbursements in volume terms were up 9% for the second quarter. We continue to marginally increase our market share. We continue to remain the market leader in this space. Gross NPAs maintained at last year's level. Collection efficiencies have remained stable but we are seeing a few states where collections are beginning to see marginal stress because of inefficient rainfall. We expect it to get better as we get into the second half of the year.
Microfinance, our microfinance business continued its momentum growth and a healthy growth in disbursement of 65% Y-o-Y. We have presence currently in 12 states to a network of 800-plus VC branches, and our customer base close to 17 lakh women borrowers. Asset quality continues to be strong. Our microcredit business was able to ensure delivery of credit to low-income households in agri, allied and microenterprises. We foresee healthy credit demand in the rural economy in this business.
As Dipak had mentioned or Jaimin, the bank has received the approval from RBI for acquisition of Sonata Finance, a Lucknow based NBFC MFI. Sonata has operations in 10 states with a network of 540 branches and close to 1 million customers as of 30th September. We will work towards consummation of this by the fourth quarter of this year. On the agricultural SME side, it's -- the growth was more muted because of lower utilization due to commodity prices as well as some amount of demand. The collection continues to remain strong in terms of the credit quality, and we expect credit growth to pick up in the second half as we get into the business -- better business cycle and busy period, will continue to be an area of focus for us.
I will now request Virat to take us through the Consumer Bank highlights. Virat?
Thanks, Shanti. I'll start with consumer assets. Our unsecured products in Consumer Bank continues to show positive traction with a growth of 44% Y-o-Y and approximately 9% quarter-on-quarter-on-quarter basis. From a risk perspective, our unsecured loans portfolio continues to hold and is adequately priced for the risk. Our mortgage lending business continues to grow well at 15% on a Y-o-Y basis. We see strong traction in the loan against property segment, which has been a traditional area of strength for us. This book continues to hold well on all parameters of collections. We continue to invest in our cards franchise with overall credit card advances growing by 59% on a Y-o-Y basis.
Our market shares have been steadily growing both on spend and cards in force. To deliver value to our card customer, we have been working on getting unique offers for them. I'm sure most of you would have noticed our sponsorship to Travel Nova events recently. We also participated in the Big Billion Days by Flipkart, Myntra and ClearTrip. Overall, our investments in technology have helped us to improve productivities. Happy to share that this quarter, we have launched our revamped loan origination system built on Salesforce platform for our LAP business. We also went live with our new digital collection platform last quarter. Our story on digital acquisition continues and significant proportion of personal loans and credit cards continue to be sourced end-to-end digital.
I'll now move to the business banking. Consumer Bank secured working capital growth has been strong with a growth of 21% on Y-o-Y basis. While the demand for new working capital secured loans have been strong, however, improvement in the limit utilization is relatively slow. We witnessed formalization, gathering pace in this segment. And as a result, our share on the lending to macro enterprise is growing. Fueled by market demand and partnerships, the unsecured business loan segment witnessed a volume growth. Our delinquencies on both the secured and unsecured books remain stable in this business banking sector.
Now I move to liabilities. The total deposits have grown 23% on Y-o-Y basis with major contribution coming from term deposits. With an objective of growing retail and granular deposit we have taken a couple of initiatives over the last 2 quarters, and we hope that this would give us some better results going forward. As you know, bank had launched ActivMoney proposition in May '23 that allows savers to earn higher interest on the deposits. In this quarter, bank focused on scaling up the ActivMoney proposition by leveraging technology and analytical capabilities. Bank deployed intuitive engagement campaigns through multiple touch points, which helped customers to understand and subscribe for offering, which resulted in substantial chunk in mobilization of incremental deposits. However, this did have an impact on our retail SA where some of the balances moved from SA to ActivMoney.
Continuing its thrust on customer centricity, the bank has kept focus on identifying customer insights via research and service to sharpen the customer value proposition specific to micro segments. Steps taken during the period have not only aided in acquisition of customers but have also resulted in better customer onboarding experience reflected in higher NPS scores. Bank had recently launched a straight-through digital onboarding journeys for savings and corporate salary account opening. In second quarter, bank has invested in initiatives like search engine optimization and focused performance marketing, which has resulted in very good growth in acquisitions with this new channel of acquisition. We have done -- we have gone live with do-it-yourself journey for individual and sole proprietary customers to open their current account using video KYC and are seeing early signs of demand for digital fulfillment in the market. With this, I'll pass on to Milind to give an update on digital.
Thank you. Thank you, Virat. Good afternoon, everyone. This is Milind Nagnur, Chief Technology Officer and for an update on digital and technology portfolio. We regularly share updates on the new digital journeys that went live, as Virat also alluded in his narrative. These are digital journeys for self-service opening up current accounts, savings accounts, personal loan accounts and so on. These journeys are important contributors to business growth, customer acquisition and digitization. Equally important, however, are the invisible parts of the technology transformation, which require their own deep set of technical skills. At Kotak, we have a silent but massive transformation underway on modernizing the back end. These are technology changes that are required to transform and upgrade the back ends, which include networking, data centers, core product processors such as core banking platforms, loan processing platforms, general ledgers, operational systems, treasury platforms and also setting up of DevOps pipeline, builder tools and a culture of core engineers to build important pieces of core back-end platforms.
Top-performing engineers will not just be able to join a bank and start building platforms that mimic consumer tech apps. And for that, a massive enabling ecosystem is required to facilitate engineering skills to produce the outcomes. There is, of course, an easy path of just outsourcing these platforms, but we are not doing that. We are making investments in people, processes and enabling technologies to fortify our back ends. And these will be important drivers to ensure stability, scalability, resiliency of our platforms and get more control on the technology behind the systems we use.
I call these invisible changes because if a firm is focused only on the visible front ends and journeys they can easily lose track of the mega upgrades in talent, processes and back-end technologies that are required to fortify their own cohorts. And this invisible back-end transformation requires leadership that is technically savvy, that is hands on, and we have made a huge headway in getting that leadership in place. We have made a great start to get this journey going. We have lots of work ahead of us to fortify the core to match the speed and agility of front-end journeys that our customers expect from us. The fruits of these back-end efforts will be durable and will positively impact many future quarters to come in a silent way. I hope that context was useful. And with that, I will turn it over to Jaideep.
Thank you, Milind. I'll talk of the numbers for Kotak Securities before some of the other highlights of the quarter. Total income increased to INR 962 crores in this quarter versus INR 776 crores in the corresponding quarter last year and INR 805 crores in the previous quarter. The profit before tax for Q2 of this financial year is INR 432 crores against INR 298 crores in Q2 of FY '23 and INR 292 crores in the last quarter. The corresponding PAT for this quarter is INR 324 crores against INR 224 crores in the same period last year and INR 219 crores in the last quarter. Our cash market share showed some decline and is at 10% for Q2 of FY '24. And the combined market share showed a jump of close to 90% year-on-year from 5% to 8.8%. For Kotak Securities Neo is the new age trading platform and is a complete ecosystem of mobile, web API and trading terminals. Currently, 50% of the futures and options volume and 70% of traded orders are through Neo.
Total orders on Neo have grown 608% Y-o-Y and 100% Q-on-Q. Kotak Securities was one of the first few brokers to have launched the BSE:SNO through Neo and has already taken a reasonably decent market share in the last 2.5 months, which it launched the BSE:SNO. All new digital accounts, which are opened in the last quarter or so is via Neo and hopefully, by the end of Q4, all dealer-based businesses will also move to Neo. There are quite a few new age features which we are planning to launch on Neo in the next quarter or so, which will get unfolded as we talk. There is a significant investment, which is being made in revamping our back-office operations and the CRM for a far better customer experience. With this, I hand over to Nilesh to take us through the mutual fund business. Thank you.
Thanks, Jaideep. Let me talk about our asset management business. In second quarter FY '24, our total average assets under management grew 18% year-on-year to reach INR 3.36 trillion. Our equity average AUM grew 24% year-on-year to reach INR 1.88 trillion. Our active equity AUM market share grew to 6.47% in second quarter FY '23. Our SIP inflows for September '23 grew 22% Y-o-Y to INR 10.2 billion. Our retail AUM stands at 57% of total AUM. Our profit after tax grew 17% to INR 124 crores in second quarter FY '24 on back of AUM growth. During the quarter, ‘Kotak Multi Assets Allocation NFO collected over INR 3,650 crores. Our total AUM across mutual funds, PMS, offshore insurance and alternate assets grew 28% Y-o-Y to INR 4.98 trillion led by offshore funds and alternate assets. We continue to manage the largest India-dedicated offshore fund, via Kotak Funds - India Midcap Fund with AUM in excess of $3.5 billion. I'll hand it over to my colleague, Srini Sriniwasan.
Hi, we are building a comprehensive platform of alternative assets, which comprises 6 different asset classes by raising capital from global institutional investors as well as domestic institutional and private client investors. In the previous quarter, our data center fund with commitments of $590 million had made an investment of $72 million in Sify Infinit Spaces, which is the data center arm of Sify. Discretionary portfolio solutions under the brands of Optimus and Iconic presently manage $424 million effective 30th September 2023. We've also raised a private credit fund to provide capital to mid-market companies. As of 30th September, we have raised $109 million from domestic investors in this particular fund. I now hand over to Dipak Gupta.
Hi, I'm back with the Kotak Prime. Kotak Prime had a quarterly profit after tax of INR 208 crores that's roughly about the same level as what we had in Q1 and actually lower than what we had in Q2 of last year. Remember, last year, we had acquired portfolios of Volkswagen and subsequently Ford. So these have been running off. And hence, you see the decline in profitability. But otherwise, the base car finance business per se, including the dealer finance piece is extremely robust. We've seen demand being slow at the lower end of the car business. However, SUVs and top-end premium segments continue to be growing very well. There is a buildup of dealer inventory because some of the past festivals have not necessarily gone down well. Fingers are crossed for how Dussehra and Diwali will be.
On to Kotak Life Insurance. Kotak Life Insurance had a muted quarter. The profit after tax for the quarter was INR 247 crores. If you see the individual regular premium business that has been slow in terms of growth, we were probably caught on the wrong foot by -- in our aggression on the non-par side. Traditionally, we've been pretty aggressive on the non-par side of the marketplace. But this time, we were not sure about the direction in which interest rates were moving, and hence, we were cautious and that probably impacted some of the individual regular premium. Otherwise, as we build up Q3 and Q4, the growth momentum should continue. With that friends, I will hand it over back to the operator for questions. Thank you.
[Operator Instructions] The first question is from the line of Kunal Shah from Citigroup.
Yes. So firstly, with respect to the 14, 15 bps of margin one-off, which will not be repeated. I'm not sure if you highlighted the reason for that and maybe where we are seeing it or is it more to do with the [ credit sweep ] and that's the reason you are confident that it will not come so maybe that will stabilize now?
So Kunal, let me just take that. If you take the obvious ones, it is like you had the CRR impact this quarter, which will not -- not expect it has gone. The liquidity buffer, which I talked about earlier, which we may continue to have that, but will not be as much as what we had in this quarter. So it's not that it is completely tapered off, but that's not likely to be at those kind of levels. I also talked earlier about the fact that we had some short-term inflows, which had to be kind of invested into short-term investments. Now on a marginal basis, this gives you positive returns. But if you look at the calculation of the NIMs, they kind of depress the yields overall because the denominator just floats.
To that extent, the extent of those kind of marginal or short-term money which comes in could be different. So if I look at my average earning assets because that's what goes into the denominator for calculating your net interest margins, the best is if you can have as high the number as advances because that brings you much better yields. This quarter, if I look at sequentially, the segment or the share of advances actually has dropped from what it was a quarter ago. So maybe we do expect that to getting back to the normal levels as we go forward. So that's broadly what we said is some of this may not be of these kind of levels as we go forward.
Okay. So assuming that if we purely look at spreads in terms of yields and cost of deposits, then that should help in 16, 17-odd basis points kind of an impact?
If I look at yields on advances, they are more or less held up. So yields on advances overall has not changed. So yes, the cost of funds would have gone up to that extent that would impact the spreads but yields on advances have held up. The rest of the commentary is on account of the other things like the mix of change, the change in the mix of funding, the cost of PDs going up and the rest. But effectively, overall advances yields have been holding up. Yes, overall cost of funds have gone up for 2 reasons, as I think one of you mentioned about the cost of deposits itself going up and the mix, which is the low-cost deposits share going down.
Okay...
Let me explain Kunal, Kunal let me explain, yes. If you look at just yield on advances, it's about the same level. If you look at cost of deposits, it's up by about 20%, yes. So roughly, that's the NIM drop. The delta 15 is arising out of all the other aspects, which Jaimin mentioned, most of it is unlikely to repeat next quarter.
Okay. Great. Yes. Yes. That answers the question. And second one now that the event is over with respect to CEO appointment if you can highlight in terms of maybe how many names were shared with RBI and in terms of the order in which it would have been shared. And finally, we saw that Mr. Vaswani getting appointed as MD and CEO.
Kunal, I don't get your question, but that's not relevant. I'm saying the RBI has given its approval to our recommendation. I guess that's good enough.
Our next question is from the line of Rahul from GS. The line for Mr. Rahul has dropped. May we move to the next question, please. Our next question is from the line of Abhishek M. from HSBC.
So my question is on cost of funds or cost of deposits. How far along are we in the repricing? And how much more to go from here? If you can give a sense of that?
Shanti, you say.
You want me to?
Yes.
So if you look at the average tenor of our liabilities which we've been talking about, it's roughly about 10 months to 11 months. And if you look at the interest rate cycle, we more or less -- close to closing the 10 to 11 months. So my sense, except for global factors, tight liquidity, increase in rates otherwise, we're more or less there on the repricing, maybe a quarter or so. I think the cycle of repricing has come its distance. That's the way I'd put it.
Okay. And given that your card rates are mostly roughly around 7-ish at least in the 1- to 3-year bucket where you're getting most of the deposits, that would leave about 50-odd bps on the TD side, 50, 60 bps on the TD side for repricing, right? So that catch-up could happen in a quarter given the short tenure of liabilities...
I think a lot has happened. That's not correct, yes.
No, that's not the catch-up and that's not the loan, not. That is not TD.
Average cost of TD is not...
That's right. You have to -- you're assuming that everything is coming in the 1-year range, right? You have sweep at 180 days. And if you see this quarter, we've had very strong sweep flows. You have TD at 1 year. You have TDs at 270 days. So average cost of TD is not in the 7% because of the range of tenures that it comes through, that's why your average liability cycle is around [ 10 to 11 months ].
Right. Got that. And just secondly, Dipak, in your opening comment on growth to NIM trade-off will be better than the growth to credit trade-off. Does that mean incrementally you'd be looking to do more of higher quality, let's say, home loan, corporate loans and something of that sort? Just wanted to get a sense of what you meant?
No, it doesn't mean that. It just means that the credit cycle is still playing off and we are still pretty well off continuing the product mix, which is outlined, yes. It's still is safe to play the growth path assuming the mix of credit which we really have, yes, rather than start being cautious on credit at this point of time. That's what I really mean by that.
Our next question is from the line of Jai Mundhra from ICICI Securities.
Sir, In your opening remarks, again, more or less the same question, you had mentioned that the growth versus NIM and growth versus credit cost, at the same time, at 2 quarters back, the bank had a view that corporate growth was the risk reward apart from credit cost also, but in terms of tenure and in terms of pricing, was also not that favorable, and the bank had let go of a few hundred crores of corporate deposits because of these issues. However, in the last 2 quarters, corporate growth has picked up really well. So has anything changed in the way you think on the corporate group side, large corporate side?
So I'll have Manian answer that, but it's not really a deposit side issue. It's really -- the growth you're seeing is primarily driven on the asset side. So Manian, do you want to answer that query?
Yes. So when you look at the growth you must -- like we always view look at the advances and credit substitutes. So if you combine them that and look at it, the growth trajectory is not dramatically different. I would say the mix is changing more favorably. Advances give us better net yield than credit substitutes. So I would say that it's more profitability driven than size driven, and there's not a dramatic change in customer assets per se.
Okay, sure. And in your view, has anything changed on the home loan risk reward? Because the trajectory Y-o-Y growth in that product that has come off subsequently and now we are below system growth. Whereas 2, 3 quarters back, we were like 2x of system growth that has climbed to below system growth.
I think you must look at 2 parts and you must look at the overall mortgage business per se, which is home loans and LAP together, and I'll have my colleague, Virat, try and answer your question.
Yes. So if you look at in terms of purely home loans, I think on the disbursement front or the demand side, it is working fine and we are growing there. But given that the interest rates have risen in the recent past, there are people who are actually part repaying or foreclosing their loans. And that's where the impact comes on the overall book size. But if you look on the home loan and LAP together, I think our growth was in excess of 15% and that is -- and LAP is a segment where we have been traditionally very good. And I think there is no -- what you call we are getting growth both in terms of new customers as well as the book is holding well.
I just wanted to add to that. You asked about risk. I think the home loan product and environment is extremely stable, both home loans and LAP. I don't think there is anything about risk. There is high competitive pricing and you've got to make sure that you get your business based on pricing. And as Virat said, we have a combination of both LAP and home, but no issue of risk at all.
No, ma'am, I was just highlighting that the home loan and LAP put together the group in the last 4, 5 quarters, have been 45%, 40%, 30%, 21%, 18% and now 15% right? So there is a dramatic shift or dramatic moderation in the growth rate. We are still growing at 15% plus. But has anything changed because, of course, the rate cycle has changed as -- is anything apart from that one should take note of?
No, it's not a risk issue. It is probably just a spread issue. So yes, as your ROAs and ROEs of pure home loans fall, yes, the desire to do more of that reduces. And that's part of our product mix management on the asset side strategy.
Sure. Yes. Yes, so that is all from my side.
And then that is what I meant when I said really, we can still continue with -- the credit cycle still looks decent. So your product mix on the asset side is still not something which you want to trade off really.
Our next question is from the line of Saurabh from JPMorgan.
Sir, just 2 questions. One is this recovery and upgrade that you are seeing from your net slippages, if we adjust for this intra quarter change, the recovery upgrade is like 64%, 65%. Is that something which you think is normal in the retail business? Or is it just elevated at this point?
No, actually, it's fine. We've been seeing the recovery upgrades continuing to be a reasonable part of the slippages during this period. So this quarter as -- there are 2 different parts of recovery and updates. One is the INR 300 crore which we talk about is INR 1,300 crore slipped during the quarter. INR 300 crore out of those INR 1,300 crore got upgraded during the same quarter itself. So net-net, they didn't really slip into NPA for technical reason they slipped into NPA and got back. The overall recovery in upgrades is about INR 900-and-odd crores out of the INR 1,300 crores, which includes this INR 300 crores.
Yes. Sir, basically INR 600 crore out of INR 1,000 crore, that's the broad number, INR 600 crore out of the INR 1,000 crore so that...
No, the INR 600 crore will not be out of the INR 1,000, the INR 600 crore will be out of the previous period's balance.
Okay. Okay. Got it, sir. And sir, just very quickly, what's the LCR for the quarter now?
We talk about group level average would be 126%, 127%.
Yes about 127%.
And bank.
Bank is 120%.
120%, about 120%.
About 120%.
Our next question is from the line of Chintan Joshi from Autonomous Bernstein.
If I observe your CASA ratio...
Sorry to interrupt Mr. Joshi, may we request you to use your handset, please?
Yes, yes. Sorry, 1 second. Yes. If I observe the CASA ratio, it is down 70 basis points this quarter. If I look at CASA as a percentage of total funds, it's down 90 basis points. Your focus on ActivMoney product and scaling up activities there. The trend in CASA are more marked for Kotak than for other banks. I'm wondering how these trends will evolve? Where do you think CASA ratio will land at post maturity of the ActivMoney product?
Well, there are 2 parts to what you asked really. I think one is I think CASA has CA and SA of the 2, the SA part, I see it as a challenge for the industry itself going forward. And you must look at SA even across other peer banks net of government business SA. When you look at pure customer nongovernment SA, I think it's a challenge for the industry going forward, yes, because customers are moving from lazy money, low interest rates to term deposits. Definitely, one sees that as a phenomena. And one has to be worried about that as an industry as we look ahead.
The second part, which you mentioned really is the choice really is, yes, money moves out of SA. It actually -- it either goes into term deposits. Or do you retain some of that money at lower costs through products like sweep deposits. And that's the strategy which we've gone in for and it does result in some amount of cannibalization of SA itself into sweep deposits. But in general, you do manage to lift your overall SA out of that as well as get incremental new deposits at a cost lower than the cost of term deposits. So net-net, it works well from a cost of deposit point of view there.
But do you have visibility on kind of where would CASA land for you after kind of the trends that you see?
Well, again, you must look at it from a slightly different perspective. When you're talking about growth rates in the 20s, SA and CA and the problem is more with CA than SA in that case, takes time to move up, yes? CASA does not move up in steps. It moves up sort of more granularly at a constant slope. So it takes time to catch up. So I expect CASA to catch up and progressively start moving up once overall growth rates stabilize. We'll have to wait for that, yes. But I don't see too much of downside pressure at the second half.
Fair enough. And the second question was on lending yield. You highlighted on cost of deposit, the duration is 11, 12 months, most of it is done now. On the lending side, how much of the book is yet to reprice. There was a healthy a 32 basis points increase calculated on yields this quarter. How much more can we expect -- how much is left to be repriced?
On the asset side, I think largely the repricing is more or less done. We don't see -- especially given the scenario that we don't see repo rates rising. I think currently, the entire industry faces the issue of assets which are based on repo pricing and the liability cost rising, the basis different basis -- risk playing out slightly. So I don't see advances rates further going up.
So about 70% of our book is anyway on floating rate. So they are linked largely to the repo or at best the MCLR rate. So about 58%, 59% linked to repo and the balance to MCLR. So these are reasonably changing as we go, as Manian mentioned. As long as those rates don't change, they will remain where they are.
Sir, MCLR-based loans may somewhat change, but repo rates are not likely to keep pace with the cost rises.
Got it, but 16% of the book has got duration greater than 1 year. Is there no repricing left in that part of the book?
That's fixed rate. That's a fixed rate straight, yes.
Fixed rate, okay. So it doesn't have that much pass through?
Commercial vehicle EMIs, tractor loans, all of those. Those are all fixed rates.
[Operator Instructions] Our next question is from the line of Manish Shukla from Axis Capital.
Jaimin, going back to the comment that you made on 14, 15 basis points one-off. So just to be clear from here on, does margins stay where it is or it still falls from where it was in the second half of this year?
No, I can't make an absolute this thing, but the sharpness of what you saw this quarter is going to be nowhere near that. And what we are talking about is to that extent, the kind of fall, which we saw this quarter, the 14, 15 bps is things which are not regularly happening every time. So difficult to say it will not fall, but I think we still continue to be the highest net interest margin on a -- in the industry. I think, we'll pretty much remain there. And the sharpness is not likely to be of this variety as we go forward.
So this yield drag one-off drag of 14, 15 bps doesn't repeat and hypothetically if cost of funds rise only 15 bps sequentially. Margins ought to stay where they are?
Yes, that's a fair way.
Second question is the high margin and low credit cost environment, some of that has gone as reinvestment in business. How do you think of cost ratios going forward either later this year or more into next year in terms of cost to income or cost to assets?
So normally, before Jaimin tries to answer that, I would barge in and say, yes, downward, except the only caveat is my friend Milind Nagnur here to the extent he keeps on bringing in technology efficiency. Some amount of tech costs will come in and what happens really is as tech costs come in, there is an intermediate period of a bubble where you run your existing costs and you spend on tech. At the end of it, and that bubble probably will be another 6 months really for us. You should see movement downwards of operating costs.
And if you look at it this quarter, if you look at this quarter, our cost versus previous quarter, it's been reasonably at the same level, of course, possible -- yes. So broadly, if I was talking about the fact that this quarter versus last quarter, our costs have been reasonably flat despite the fact that we spent a lot more on promotions. We got some one-offs as interest rates rose up, some retiral costs came down and whatnot, but I think pretty much an eye on costs as the industry develops.
Our next question is from the line of Nitin Aggarwal from Motilal Oswal.
So my question is on the credit card business, like we have been reporting pretty strong growth. So if you can talk about the key changes in our sourcing strategy? And what is the mix of MTB customers? And related to it on the overall unsecured piece last quarter, we guided for mid-teen levels of book size. So are we still keeping that intact because there has been some concern on the overall unsecured loans. So these things if you can clarify.
Yes. So first of all, as promised, yes, we are -- our unsecured is just 11% of our loan book. So we are very much there within what we had said earlier. Coming to your question on credit card, mind you, 92% of our credit card base comes from the cards of our existing bank customers. And most of our new to bank acquisition comes through our existing customers of co-brand partners. And that gives us a very good comfort to grow both in terms of numbers and the spend. There might be a slight elevation in 90-plus numbers, but I think overall risk metrics on cards business are absolutely in control. And there is nothing to worry at this stage as we see the card portfolio.
Paul, do you want to give a flavor of card delinquencies as you see it?
Yes. So overall, as we look at cards and the broader unsecured, the behavior -- the slippages and delinquencies are still in line with levels which we are comfortable. We are not seeing anything which makes us believe we should change trajectory or change growth. And some of our bounce rates, et cetera, all those metrics are sort of holding up right now. So nothing to worry about.
Our next question is from the line of Gaurav Singhal from Aspex Management Limited.
So just one thing. So the new CEO, can you give us a sense of when will he start because the current interim CEO term expires, I think, at the end of October and the RBI letter says, he needs to start not later than January. So can you give us a sense of how this transition will happen?
Well, the current CEO's, term expires on first November, so we had a Board meeting today. So we will be applying to RBI for extension of the current CEO. We'll have to wait for RBI's approval to see what the extension is like. On the new MD and CEO, hopefully, over the next I think, 8 weeks, we should have a better idea of when -- when abouts he will be joining really, yes. The approval is for the joining not later than 1st Jan. So hopefully, we'll probably have him before that. But we just got to get back and chat because the approval came last minute really.
Got it. And my second question is on NIM. So just so that I heard the correction on the previous question. So if there is like a 15 bp rise in cost of deposit, let's say, so for example, next quarter, our NIM can be flat because the 15 bps or one-off roughly may not repeat. Is that the right understanding? That's one, the second is on NIM...
Yes, that's the right understanding.
Got it. Got it. And secondly on NIM, when will we reflect the Sonata acquisition in our numbers because hopefully that can be NIM accretive. And including the Sonata acquisition because we had given this 5% exit -- a minimum 5% exit NIM guidance by the end of March '24. But if we factor in Sonata acquisition, do you think that can be better because it's probably NIM accretive?
So just to take that, Sonata, we just got the approval from the RBI, and it's subject to a couple of other requisite approvals. We do expect that, as Shanti mentioned, to be done by the end of this financial year. Yes, it is a high-yielding book like microfinance. But at the end of the day, if you look at the size of Sonata advances, if I remember, it's about INR 2,500 crores. So while it is high-yielding net-net, it is about what 0.6%, 0.7% of our overall advances. So it's not likely to make any meaningful difference in overall margin.
Ladies and gentlemen, due to time constraint, that was the last question of our question-and-answer session. I would now like to hand the conference over to Mr. Dipak Gupta for closing comments.
Thank you, friends, and wish you all happy Dussehra and Diwali. Thank you.
Thank you. On behalf of Kotak Mahindra Bank, that concludes this conference. Thank you for joining us, and you may now disconnect your lines.