Allison Transmission Holdings Inc
NYSE:ALSN
Earnings Call Analysis
Q4-2023 Analysis
Allison Transmission Holdings Inc
Allison Transmission Holdings Inc. capped off 2023 with momentum, as they achieved an impressive 10% increase in annual revenue, hitting a new record of $3.035 billion. The firm witnessed particularly robust demand from the North American On-Highway end market, which grew by 13% from the previous year, mostly due to the Class 8 vocational and medium-duty trucks sector. Additionally, the company's service parts, support equipment, and other segments saw an 18% year-over-year rise in revenues, bringing in close to $700 million.
Allison Transmission demonstrated effective cost management in challenging economic conditions, which led to an expanded adjusted EBITDA margin by 180 basis points for 2023, amounting to $1.108 billion. They also recorded a 27% increase in net income to $673 million compared to the previous year. These financial gains translated into a record full-year diluted EPS of $7.40, up by 34%. Shareholders benefited from the company's capital allocation strategy, which included repurchasing over $260 million in shares, and retaining nearly $800 million in authorized share repurchase capacity for future use.
In Q4 2023, Allison Transmission's net sales surged 8% to a fourth-quarter high of $775 million, led by a prominent 14% increase in the North American On-Highway end market and a 34% jump in the Defense end market sales. The company also achieved a notable 31% rise in sales in the international off-highway end market, largely attributed to the mining sector. The fourth quarter witnessed a 21% increase in net income to $170 million and a 26% climb in diluted earnings to $1.91 per share. This financial uptrend was complemented by a 41% augmentation in adjusted free cash flow to $186 million, marking a strong end to the year.
Looking forward, Allison Transmission has set its 2024 guidance with optimism, expecting net sales to range between $3.05 billion and $3.15 billion. Net income projections are between $635 million to $685 million, with adjusted EBITDA forecasted to be in the range of $1.07 billion to $1.13 billion. The company plans to maintain robust operating activities, projected to generate between $700 million and $760 million in cash, while managing capital expenditures estimated at $125 million to $135 million. Adjusted free cash flow is also expected to remain strong, targeted between $575 million and $625 million.
You don't have any saved screeners yet
Good afternoon, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Allison Transmission's Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Camilla and I will be your conference call operator today. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to turn the conference over to Jackie Bolles, Executive Director of Treasury and Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Jackie.
Thank you, Camilla. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us for our fourth quarter 2023 earnings conference call. With me this afternoon are Dave Graziosi, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and Fred Bohley, our Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. As a reminder, this conference call webcast and this afternoon's presentation are available on the Investor Relations section of allisontransmission.com. A replay of this call will be available through February 27.
As noted on Slide 2 of the presentation, many of our remarks today contain forward-looking statements based on current expectations. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, including those set forth in our fourth quarter 2023 earnings press release and our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as other general economic factors. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize or should underlying assumptions or estimates prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those that we express today.
In addition, as noted on Slide 3 of the presentation, some of our remarks today contain non-GAAP financial measures as defined by the SEC. You can find reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measures attached as an appendix to the presentation and to our fourth quarter 2023 earnings press release. Today's call is set to end at 5:45 p.m. Eastern. In order to maximize participation opportunities on the call, we'll take just one question from each analyst.
Please turn to Slide 4 of the presentation for the call agenda.
During today's call, Dave Graziosi will review highlights from our full year 2023 results. Fred Bohley will then review our fourth quarter 2023 financial performance and introduce full year 2024 guidance. Dave will then close with an update on recent announcements across our business prior to commencing the Q&A.
Now I'll turn the call over to Dave Graziosi.
Thank you, Jackie. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us. 2023 finished on a strong note with fourth quarter net sales accelerating 5% sequentially and 8% year-over-year. Fourth quarter increases boosted full year top line performance to a record $3.035 billion, an increase of 10% from 2022. Our top line performance for the year was driven by robust demand in our North America On-Highway end market, up 13% year-over-year, attributed to strength in the Class 8 vocational and medium-duty trucks. We hold a favorable outlook for our largest end market into 2024 and beyond as we believe the market has not fully satisfied pent-up demand and upcoming emissions changes in 2027 will support our medium-duty strength. Also contributing to our full year performance, we realized an 18% increase year-over-year in our service parts, support equipment and other end markets, leading to record annual revenue of nearly $700 million. We expect continued strength in our aftermarket business driven by aging fleets and increased demand for Allison genuine service parts as warranties for units with -- from high-volume production years in 2018 and 2019 expire.
Continuing with our full year 2023 performance. We are pleased with our team's commitment to controlling cost in an inflationary environment and expanding margin while increasing our earnings power. Adjusted EBITDA increased to $1.108 billion for 2023 with adjusted EBITDA margin expanding 180 basis points from 2022. Net income increased 27% year-over-year to $673 million.
Finally, we achieved full year record diluted EPS of $7.40, up 34% from 2022, as we increase earnings while reducing share count through our capital allocation priorities. We expect to further improve our per share performance while funding the business for growth and returning capital to shareholders through our quarterly dividend and share repurchase program.
In the fourth quarter of 2023, we repurchased over $100 million worth of our shares, bringing the total for 2023 to over $260 million and ending the year with almost $800 million of authorized share repurchase capacity remaining. Shares repurchased in 2023 represent nearly 6% of outstanding shares with over 63% of our outstanding shares repurchased since our IPO in 2012.
Thank you, and I'll now turn the call over to Fred.
Thank you, Dave. Following Dave's full year 2023 results comments, I'll discuss the Q4 2023 performance summary and the Q4 2023 cash flow performance. I'll then introduce full year 2024 guidance.
Please turn to Slide 5 of the presentation for the Q4 2023 performance summary. Year-over-year net sales increased 8% from the same period in 2022 to a fourth quarter record of $775 million. The increase in year-over-year results was led by a 14% increase in the North American On-Highway end market due to continued strength in demand for Class 8 vocational and medium-duty trucks, and a 34% increase in net sales in the Defense end market, principally driven by increased demand for track and wheeled vehicle applications.
Year-over-year results were also improved by a 31% increase in net sales in the outside North American off-highway end market, principally driven by higher demand in the mining segment. Gross profit for the quarter was $371 million, a 10% increase from $338 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was principally driven by increased net sales and price increases on certain products, partially offset by higher direct material costs. Net income for the quarter was $170 million, an increase of 21% from $141 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was principally driven by higher gross profit.
Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $277 million compared to $245 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was principally driven by higher gross profit. Diluted earnings per share increased 26% to $1.91 from the same period in 2022, driven by higher net income and lower total shares outstanding.
A detailed overview of our net sales by end market and Q4 2023 financial performance can be found on Slides 6 and 7 of the presentation.
I'll now turn to Slide 8 of the presentation for the Q4 2023 cash flow performance summary. Adjusted free cash flow for the quarter was $186 million compared to $132 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was principally driven by lower capital expenditures, higher gross profit and lower operating working capital funding requirements. During the fourth quarter, we paid a dividend of $0.23 per share and repurchased $105 million of our common stock. We ended the quarter with a net leverage ratio of 1.8x, $555 million of cash and $645 million of available revolving credit facility commitments.
In addition, we continue to maintain a flexible, long-dated and covenant-light debt structure, over $2.5 billion of outstanding debt, $618 million is subject to variable interest rates, of which $500 million is hedged, resulting in 95% of our debt being fixed through the third quarter of 2025.
Please turn to Slide 9 of the presentation for the 2024 guidance. For 2024, Allison expects net sales to be in the range of $3.05 billion to $3.15 billion. We are guiding to another record net sales year. In addition to Allison's 2024 net sales guidance, we anticipate net income in the range of $635 million to $685 million, adjusted EBITDA in the range of $1.07 billion to $1.130 billion, net cash provided by operating activities in the range of $700 million to $760 million, capital expenditures in the range of $125 million to $135 million, and adjusted free cash flow in the range of $575 million to $625 million.
Thank you. And I'll now turn the call back over to Dave for an update on recent announcements.
Thank you, Fred. The 2024 outlook for our North America On-Highway end market remains robust as infrastructure spending is expected to continue to support Class 8 vocational demand. Last month, we made 2 notable announcements related to this end market. First, we were pleased to announce that our $100 million incremental annual revenue opportunity in the Class 8 regional haul and day cab market continues to progress as one of the largest global logistics and delivery companies has specified Allison's 3414 Regional Haul Series as the propulsion solution of choice. The global logistics and delivery company is purchasing Freightliner Cascadia CNG tractors equipped with Allison's 3414 RHS for their fleet. Last year, Daimler released our 3414 RHS paired with a CNG engine into their Freightliner Cascadia day cab tractor highlighting the benefits of our new product and the fuel agnostic nature of Allison's conventional transmissions.
Second, in our North America On-Highway end market, we were pleased to announce that Allison was selected as the exclusive electric axle supplier for Oshkosh Corporation's new fully integrated electric refuse collection vehicle. Allison's eGen Power 100S has been integrated into Oshkosh's vocational truck specifically designed for the waste management industry in order to minimize environmental impact and reduce noise.
The electric refuse collection vehicle or ERCB, will utilize 2 Allison eGen Power 100S axles in tandem configuration while delivering cleaner air and quieter operation where deployed. Allison is already the established propulsion leader in the North America refuse market, and we look forward to maintaining our leadership position now and into the future.
Our Outside North America On-Highway end market is expected to have another record year in 2024 with revenue guidance of 14% year-over-year at the midpoint. After a record year in 2023, we anticipate continued strength driven by the execution of our growth initiatives. Last month, we announced a strategic partnership agreement with SANY, a global heavy equipment manufacturer for mining and construction markets. Through the partnership, Allison will supply its family of off-road series and widebody Series transmissions for integration into mining vehicles, including the next-generation SANY SKT-105 wide-body mining This partnership will support Allison's $100 million incremental annual revenue opportunity and strategically aligns with our efforts to grow share in the mining dump market in Africa, Asia and South America as part of our outside North America On-Highway growth initiatives.
For our Defense end market, the fourth quarter was a decade high quarter with revenue of $63 million. Full year revenue of $166 million, an increase of 14% from 2022 was a solid start toward achieving our $100 million growth initiative. We expect continued growth in this end market in 2024 as we capitalize on the Defense up-cycle, both internationally through our increased Defense investments globally amidst geopolitical uncertainties and domestically through our opportunities with the United States modernization programs as well as increased international sales through the U.S. Department of Defense.
Allison remains committed to investing in and pursuing growth in our Defense end market, leveraging our asset-light business model and long-standing relationships with defense OEMs as a competitive advantage. We are realizing our investments and are poised for success with a well-rounded portfolio of products to satisfy the needs and demands of global defense customers. Today, I would like to highlight the recent announcement that Allison was awarded over $83 million to provide upgraded and new X1100 transmission supporting Abrams main battle tank variants used by the U.S. Army, as well as foreign military sales or FMS customers. Allison has long supported the U.S. Army and its close partners and is proud to be part of the world's premier main battle tank. We look forward to continuing our partnerships in support of these customers in the decades to come.
In addition to the announcements we have made in our defense end market over the last few years, we are looking forward to a pipeline of programs in the near future, particularly in global wheeled applications. These programs will drive further growth in our Defense end market, and we look forward to updating you as time lines advance.
Moving on, in late January, we announced the launch of Allison Ventures our new venture capital arm. Allison Ventures will strategically invest in and partner with startup and growth stage companies to foster advancements in commercial duty mobility and work solutions. The Allison Ventures team is focused on increasing our innovation pipeline in support of our industry technology advancement and expanding our global strategy and evolving the mobility market. We look forward to investing in technologies to grow our portfolio and further our mission to improve the way the world works.
In closing, 2023 was a solid year of top line records and margin expansion while returning capital to shareholders. We continue to invest in the development of new products and technologies across all of our end markets in order to drive growth.
Our 2023 results and future outlook demonstrate the power of Allison as we continue to make strides forward to realize our growth initiatives and develop the next generation of propulsion solutions that meet the challenges of tomorrow and ensure sustainable growth for our business.
This concludes our prepared remarks. Camilla, please open the call for questions.
[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Rob Wertheimer with Melius Research.
So my question was going to be on North America On-Highway, just to start with. We saw Cummins guide on medium-duty sort of flat to down 5%, so in line with what you did. I don't think we have a great look in that Class 8 straight. And I'm just curious about how you're seeing those markets and whether the outlook is in line with current production, in line with first half builds or whether it assumes an acceleration or deceleration from what you see in your current order book?
Rob, it's Dave. So a couple of things there. So medium duty to start with, we certainly had a strong result in '23. As we mentioned in the prepared remarks, it's a space that continues to be and what we refer to as catch-up mode. Some fleets are in better shape than others. But I would say, overall, it continues to be a market that has a fairly healthy demand. We talk about the Class 8 straight truck or vocational as we referred to. That's been relatively unsupplied. I think, as you know, a number of constraints -- based on the public comments by the OEMs, I think that's relatively consistent with what you're hearing from them as well. So I think that will be -- was a focal point for many coming into the latter part of '23. And certainly, as '24 is starting. It's also typically a seasonally a strong portion of the year for vocational anyway. So I think that emphasis is expected to carry through for a good portion of '24.
To your question on timing, again, I think that's largely going to be dependent on the availability for all the components to make the trucks. As we've talked about, it takes all of them to deliver a complete vehicle. And I think that's one particular attribute as you think about trying to understand how the year is going to play out, where the supply base is really capable of performing and ultimately delivering. So -- everything we're hearing is certainly strong demand, as I said, for Class 8 vocational with the intentions of OEMs to supply that demand. So we stand ready to do that and certainly prepared to support the industry as best we can.
Our next question comes from the line of Ian Zaffino with Oppenheimer.
This is Isaac Sellhausen on for Ian. Yes, congrats on a really strong quarter and year. Could you help us understand the expectations for volume and price mix maybe in North America On-Highway for the year? Where do we stand on pricing as we start this year and your expectations sort of implied in guidance?
This is Fred. Relative to pricing. And I mean to start really with 2023. We actually realized 540 basis points of price on a year-over-year basis, $155 million of price. And that was really up from our initial guidance assumption, which was $400 million. So we continue to -- as we progress through '23 to pursue price. Really if you take that and you couple that with what we did in 2022, we've realized in 24 months, $275 million of price or 1,000 basis points of price. As we are looking at 2024, we're currently anticipating approximately 200 basis points of price. I think as most of you are aware, over 90% of our North American On-Highway end market, our largest end market is covered by long-term agreements with defined pricing. So as we progress through these really high inflationary times, we've certainly honored those agreements. But looking out to 2025, over 60% of the North America On-Highway end market will be available to price. So as we've mentioned in previous earnings calls, as OEM prices increase, our value proposition to the end user continues to increase, the vehicle prices continue to increase. Whether that's inflationary cost pressure outside North America moving up the emissions curve and adding safety features. We are really well positioned to both take advantage of this from a pricing standpoint, but also from a market share standpoint.
Our next question comes from the line of Tami Zakaria with JPMorgan.
So my question is around the off-highway market. I think the growth expectations in North America versus outside North America for the market is pretty different wide, one positive, one negative. So just wanted to understand, what's driving those expectations for each of those end markets?
Tami, it's Dave. I appreciate the question there. So take the regions. North America first, as you know, North America Off-Highway is largely a energy market. As we mentioned, I think, certainly second half last year with the continued capital discipline, which is we would view as very much regulatory and capital markets consider it by end users. And generally, I think the energy space -- what you are seeing is a continued high level of capital discipline to maximize cash flow and returns. Commodity prices are obviously supportive. As we talked about, we view the market as relatively well equipped and capacitized, new rig builds, at least on the conventional side, very limited at this point. So you're seeing some level of refurbs, some new components going into that particular market. But from our perspective, very well supplied. And again, as we talked about second half of last year, with that as a backdrop, not expecting much in terms of increased demand there until there's a higher level of equipment that's consumed, frankly, which is still in front of us. But in this medium term, really look at largely a refurb replacement type of market.
Outside North America for us is a combination of energy and mining, construction, hauling, et cetera. That continues to be a relatively busy market. Coming into the second half of last year and certainly fourth quarter, there were some challenges out there in terms of executing against some tenders by the OEMs. So if you think about that in terms of what's actually happened in the underlying market, trying to catch up with some level of demand there. So that's an aspect of '24 as we start the year. And again, I think the general overall market macro conditions for our outside North America Off-Highway business can continue to be relatively strong. So we'll do our best again to supply. I think some of that, though, gets back to ultimately the broader industry's capability in terms of total component supply meeting demand from a time perspective. So again, we'll do our best, but we still see that as a relatively strong market.
Our next question comes from the line of Angel Castillo with Morgan Stanley.
Just want to get a little bit more color. You talked about the 200 basis points of price. If we could just kind of walk that through and maybe more sort of the price/cost dynamic and what you kind of anticipate from a margin standpoint? And maybe continuing to follow that through the financial statements. You have growth at the sales level, but ultimately, net income comes down and free cash flow seems a little bit lower year-over-year. So can you just help us understand the puts and takes that are only kind of impacting each of those pieces?
Sure. Angel, this is Fred. From a cost standpoint, our 2024 guide does reflect the increased costs associated with the new UAW collective bargain agreement, with the majority of those incremental costs associated with the new labor agreement being incurred in 2024. Also from a material cost standpoint, we are anticipating higher material costs, principally driven by increased value add in our supply chain. And that's really as a result of increased labor costs within our supply chain. So those are the 2 primary drivers from a cost standpoint. As you mentioned, price, we're modeling a couple of hundred basis points of price and have EBITDA basically flat on a year-over-year basis.
Our next question comes from the line of Tim Thein with Citi.
Fred, I just wanted to go back to the comment you made earlier about the -- I think you said 65% of the North American LTSA will come up for renewal. I -- from memory, that's a much bigger percentage than when I recall that tend to be more staggered. But from a timing perspective, it's also interesting is it's coming on the front end or leading up to potentially one of the larger percentage increases in terms of what the vehicle costs are set to increase just given the emissions. So I guess, is just how you're approaching that, your vehicles and what your transmissions are being put into are set to increase pretty significantly. So how might that increase or kind of influence how you approach those, I guess, those negotiations?
Yes, Tim, this is Fred. So you did hear me correctly. So over 60% of the book of business for North America On-Highway end market, which is obviously our largest end market. Over 50% of our revenue will be available for price. And there's a reason I obviously called that out. It's -- while they've been relatively consistent in the way they've been staggered, they're typically 4 to 5 years in nature. There are more that will be negotiated as -- in the second half of 2024 for pricing in 2025. To your comments relative to where the market is, where the cost of vehicles are. It's certainly something that we pay close attention to. Ultimately, we price our product for the value that it delivers in the market. And as we -- I think on 3 or 4 earnings calls in a row highlighted, that value that we deliver is up significantly because the price of the vehicles are up. And our transmission products make those vehicles run more efficiently. You get more work done in a day. You get from point A to B. You don't have the maintenance cost, so you save on maintenance costs, but you don't have the downtime. It's a lot easier to train drivers, retain drivers in a tough labor market. Ultimately, you can size fewer vehicles in your fleet. So we definitely believe that we're in a position where we have a significant amount of pricing power, and that will be taken into consideration as we negotiate new long-term agreements.
Our next question comes from the line of Jerry Revich with Goldman Sachs.
I'm wondering, Fred, if you could just say more about the margin outlook for 2024 generally at the midpoint of sales and EBITDA outlook you're looking for pretty close to flattish margins. You spoke about the price assumptions. Can you just flesh out the other moving pieces? And if you folks were to surprise the upside, what would those levers look like?
Sure, Jerry. This is Fred again. Really walking through from the engineering SG&A standpoint, flat to slightly up with just some inflationary pressures. I think to the upside, and I think it gets to Dave's comments earlier, the demand is really strong. We're still in this situation where can the entire vehicle supply chain, get the proper parts to the OEMs to build. Clearly, they're building less over-the-road tractors and are focused on building where they have strong demand, which is fortunate for us is right in the middle of our core addressable market, medium-duty Class 8 straight truck. So I think the upside to margins will be stronger top line revenue. And as you know, we have very, very attractive incremental margins. So -- that's what will drive the upside. That's unfortunately not entirely in our control. We'll control what we can, and we'll be positioned to supply our products. But -- that's the biggest upside in the guide that we put in front of you guys today.
Our next question comes from the line of Tim Thein with Citi.
All right. I had 2 for one here. Maybe I'll just ask just, Fred, to standpoint of product mix with Defense seeing another outsized growth year, that business can carry. The margin dynamics can be quite vary depending on whether selling to the DoD or international customers. So maybe just a word in terms of how that -- is that historically a lot of that, I guess, more so on the wheel or on the track side would be a headwind to margins. But just how are we thinking about the impact from this big growth in Defense and the implications just in terms of the overall impact on mix?
Yes, Tim. Thanks. This is Fred. As you mentioned, we do have Defense guided up at a midpoint, 34%. And historically, our Defense business, especially our track Defense to the U.S. government has been our lowest margin business, cost plus fixed fee. But as we've continued to expand the business, over half of that track business is being driven by outside North American sales, where it's really a commercial negotiation. So as we look at that increased 34%, I certainly don't expect it to be a negative drag on EBITDA margins.
There are no further questions at this time. And I'd like to turn the floor back over to Chairman and CEO, Dave Graziosi for closing comments.
Thank you, Camilla. Thank you for your continued interest in Allison and for participating on today's call. Enjoy your evening.
Thank you. This concludes today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.