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Intrinsic Value is all-important and is the only logical way to evaluate the relative attractiveness of investments and businesses.
Intrinsic Value is all-important and is the only logical way to evaluate the relative attractiveness of investments and businesses.
Good day and thank you for standing by and welcome to the Cloudflare Q2 2021 Earnings Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speakers remarks there will be a question-and-and session [Operator Instructions].
I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Jayson Noland. Please go ahead.
Thank you for joining us to discuss Cloudflare's financial results for the second quarter 2021. With me on the call, we have Matthew Prince, Co-Founder and CEO; Michelle Zatlyn, Co-Founder, President and COO; and Thomas Seifert, CFO.
By now, everyone should have access to our earnings announcement. This announcement as well as our supplemental financial information may be found in our Investor Relations website.
As a reminder, we'll be making forward-looking statements during today's discussion, including, but not limited to our customers', vendors' and partners' operations and future financial performance; anticipated product launches and the timing and market potential of those products; the company's anticipated future revenue, financial performance, operating performance, non-GAAP gross margin, non-GAAP net loss from operations, non-GAAP net loss per share, shares outstanding, non-GAAP operating expenses, free cash flow, non-GAAP effective tax rate, dollar-based net retention rate, total customers, paying customers and large customers. These statements and other comments are not guarantees of future performance but rather are subject to risks and uncertainty, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to, the extent and duration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and adverse conditions in the general domestic and global economic markets. Our actual results may differ significantly from those projected or suggested in any forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements apply as of today, and you should not rely on them as representing our views in the future. We undertake no obligation to update these statements after this call. For a more complete discussion of the risks and uncertainties that could impact our future operating results and financial condition, please see our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as in today's earnings press release.
Unless otherwise noted, all numbers we talk about today other than revenue will be on an adjusted non-GAAP basis. All current and prior period financials discussed are reflected under ASC 606. You may find a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures in our earnings release on our Investor Relations website. For historical periods, a GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation can be found in the supplemental financial information referenced a few moments ago.
We would also like to inform you that we will be virtually participating in the Oppenheimer Technology Internet and Communications Conference on August 10, the KeyBanc Technology Conference on August 11, the Deutsche Bank Technology Conference on September 9, the Citi Technology Conference on September 13, the Piper Sandler, Global Technology Conference on September 14 and the Jeffrey Software Conference on September 15.
Now I’d like to turn the call over to Matthew.
Thank you, Jason. We had our strongest quarter as a public company. In Q2, we achieved revenue of $152 million, up 53% year-over-year. Our revenue growth continue to accelerate as we saw strength across all customer segments. In particular, we added a record of 143 large customers those that pay out more than $100,000 per year and ended the quarter with 1088 large customers, 19% of the Fortune 1000 are now paying by their customers and we continue to see particular strength across our enterprise business.
Our expansion rate also improved over Q1 with dollar based net retention reaching a 124% in Q2, even the strong revenue and customer growth, our gross margin improved to 78%, up 120 basis points year-over-year. If there were a theme for the quarter, it was Cloudflare winning the business as the largest and most sophisticated companies and organizations in the world.
To that end, I wanted to jump right in and highlight some customer wins, starting with the world's largest IT buyer. The United States federal government chose Cloudflare's Zero Trust solutions in order to help secure federal agencies against the rising threat of cyber attacks. We partnered with Accenture Federal Services and won a contract with the Department of Homeland Security to offer our protection to all civilian executive branch agencies. This is a very competitive process where we are up against nearly every other vendor in the space.
Our win highlights how our Zero Trust solutions are now recognized as world class. This is also a good example of how we're increasingly working with leading GSIs like Accenture, as we service larger and larger organizations and there aren't many organizations larger than the United States government.
While we are proud of this deal and the credibility it gives us as a leader in the Zero Trust space and we believe it will ultimately be a significant contributor to revenue, we don't believe that the contribution will be meaningful in 2021.
As a result, this deal along with some other strategic deals we won in the quarter, do not show up in RPO and we have not included the impact of them in our guidance through the end of the year. However, servicing a large customer like the United States government as well as other strategic deals we won in Q2 does require us to increase investments in our network. Anticipating these deals, we began making increased investments in Q1. These investments continued in Q2 and we anticipate will continue through the second half of the year. We are investing for the long-term and we believe winning strategic customers proves how this strategy continues to pay off. Even with the initial investment, we still anticipate we will reach breakeven in Q1 of 2022.
While we're on the topic of profitability I wanted to preview a conversation, I anticipate having with some of you this time next year. As part of our long-term model, we have an operating margin target of 20%. When we say long-term, we really mean it. We remain confident in our ability to reach that long-term target, but we are not in a rush to get there. From the point at which we reach breakeven, we intend to aggressively reinvest excess gross profit back into growth. We are nowhere close to being out of ideas for new products to build for customers to buy them. Cloudflare is optimized for innovation and we plan to continue to launch new products, add more customers relentlessly execute and reinvest in growth for the foreseeable future.
Security continued to be in the news and was a theme driving customer wins. A major oil and gas pipeline provider signed a $210,000 annual contract for a portion of our Cloudflare One solution. They were looking to help protect their infrastructure against the sophisticated cyber attacks they were facing. They were referred to us by a major system integrator and together we help better protect their critical infrastructure. I think this is evident that when companies and their advisers face cybersecurity challenges Cloudflare is increasingly one of their first phone calls. A Fortune 500 transportation provider signed a three-year $340,000 contract for a portion of our Cloudflare One solution. This is another deal that came to us through a channel partner. We believe there's an opportunity to more than double the size of our relationship with this customer over the coming year.
A Fortune 500 industrial services provider signed a two-year $895,000 deal for a number of Cloudflare One components. This customer was targeted by the so-called fancy Lazarus hacker group. We were able to enable our solution with spend four hours of our first conversation and mitigate the threat. A Fortune 500 auto parts manufacturing company faced a similar threat and turned to us to solve it. They signed a $300,000 annual deal. The CISO said, the Cloudflare team was fantastic. We took this threat very seriously. Cloudflare is there for us. You can't make a car with only 99% of the parts. So one malicious attack in the supply chain impacts everyone. In that spirit, he referred us to another Fortune 500 manufacturing company who signed a two-year $320,000 contract. The CISO of that second firm referred us to a third Fortune 500 manufacturing firm who signed a two-year $570,000 contract. That's over $1 million new contracts because our solutions work and solve some of the problems that are top of mind for every technology leader right now. It increasingly feels like Cloudflare's becoming the de facto choice for enterprises and they are thinking about the future of their network security.
A Fortune 500 born on the web e-commerce provider expanded their use of Cloudflare. They were already using our WAF and content delivery products. Their team turned to us when they were looking for a developer-friendly Zero Trust security solution. In a competitive process with other Zero Trust vendors, we won this technically sophisticated customers business. In the process, they also went all in on that making up their exclusive provider of network services. This win shows how we can expand customers from using one of our products to being their complete secure programmable network provider. This customer's spend with us is now over $4 million annually and we expect we will grow with them.
A very large cryptocurrency exchange expanded the use of our network. As an exchange, they are assessed with the fastest possible performance. They leaned heavily on our Argo smart routing technology as well as our global presence in more than 200 cities worldwide. They expanded their contract with us in the quarter and now spend over $4 million annually. It's also of note that three of the four largest cryptocurrency exchanges use Cloudflare's network to be fast and secure. We see more and more customers building applications around Cloudflare workers our compute platform. A high-profile new economy delivery company signed a $1.3 million three-year deal. We use a number of our products, but increasingly are building their application using Workers in order to get fast scalable performance. They appreciate the flexibility it provides, as they literally deliver for their geographically distributed customer base.
A financial services software provider signed a three-year $3.3 million deal for a number of our products. They're using Workers as a hyper programmable middleware to stitch together multiple vendor solutions. They love how easy it is for developers on their team to get up and running on the platform, because of the broad programming language support and rich developer tools that have been honed and battle tested in production since Workers launched nearly four years ago.
An Asian fintech provider expanded their use of Cloudflare by $0.5 million, making their annual spend now $1.3 million. They are using Workers to accelerate their development cycle and replace spend with some of the traditional hyperscale compute providers. They cited Workers' ease of use and global performance as key drivers of their decision to double down on Cloudflare.
From old-school manufacturing and cryptocurrency, from the United States government to some of the largest companies in the world, I was particularly struck this quarter how Cloudflare's resonating across industry segments and geographies as the answer whenever someone is looking for the future of a secure programmable network.
Finally, I wanted to make sure you all had a chance to catch our announcement last week. We have a tradition of hosting innovation weeks, where we launch new products and features. We typically host about eight of these weeks per year.
Last week was our first Impact Week. During the week we highlighted Project Pangea which provides Internet connectivity at no cost to underserved communities worldwide. A number of initiatives to drive down Cloudflare's environmental impact and help our customers cut their carbon output, our commitment to human rights, a sustainable workforce and our vision for a more inclusive future work.
What I really like about these efforts is that they aren't ancillary. They are core to who we are and what we do as a company. We deeply believe in our mission of helping build a better Internet. And living that every day shows up in the continued success of winning customers and attracting and retaining the incredible team we have. Thank you to all of them for what was an outstanding quarter.
With that, I'll hand it off to Thomas to walk through the financials.
Thank you, Matthew, and thank you to everyone for joining us. We continued the momentum from the first quarter and saw new records in both dollar-based net retention and large customer additions.
Our success in the first half of this year is due in part to the investments we made last year, benefiting from our ability to successfully ramp product innovation and go-to-market employees in a work from anywhere world. We firmly believe that we are well positioned to continue to deliver consistent results with disciplined execution.
Total revenue for the second quarter increased 33% year-over-year to $152.4 million. The growth in revenue was driven by another quarter of strong customer demand, both in terms of new local acquisition, as well as expansion within our existing customer base.
From a geographic perspective, we saw continued strength in both the U.S. and internationally. The U.S. represented 52% of revenue and increased 65% year-over-year. EMEA represented 26% of revenue and increased 53% year-over-year. APAC represented 15% of revenue and increased 23% year-over-year. We were pleased to see revenue continue to accelerate in the U.S. this quarter, while we continue to ramp our go-to-market international footprint.
In China, we are pleased to see the transition of customers from Baidu to JD progressing well. In addition network performance metrics of JD have already served past historical performance in China, due to expanded network coverage and streamlined equation.
Turning to our customer metrics. We exited the quarter with 126,735 paying customers, representing an increase of 32% year-over-year. We saw a record number of large customer additions in the second quarter, adding 143 large customers sequentially and 451 year-over-year. We ended the quarter with 1,088 large customers, representing an increase of 71% year-over-year.
We saw a significant expansion from our large customers, which helped to drive a record dollar-based net retention rate of 124%, representing an increase of 100 basis points sequentially. We are encouraged to see our customer acquisition costs continue to trend favorably this quarter giving us confidence to continue to invest in our large enterprise go-to-market activities.
Second quarter gross margin was 78%, representing an increase of 40 basis points sequentially. Network CapEx represented 6% of revenue in the second quarter. We continue to expect network CapEx to be 10% to 12% of revenue for fiscal 2021.
Turning to the operating expenses. Second quarter operating expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased 2% sequentially and decreased 5% year-over-year to 81%. We had another strong hiring quarter with an increase of 34% year-over-year bringing our total number of employees to approximately 2050 at the end of the quarter.
Sales and marketing expenses were $68.4 million for the quarter. Sales and marketing as a percentage of revenue decreased 1% sequentially and decreased to 45% from 48% in the same quarter last year.
Research and development expenses were $30.1 million in the quarter. R&D, as a percentage of revenue, decreased 1% sequentially and year-over-year to 20% from 21%. General and administrative expenses were $24.4 million for the quarter. G&A, as a percentage of revenue, decreased 1% sequentially and year-over-year to 16% from 17%.
We continue to see strong operating leverage in the second quarter with operating margin improving 690 basis points year-over-year. Operating loss was $4 million compared to $9.5 million in the same period last year. Net loss in the quarter was $7.3 million or a net loss per share of $0.02. Our effective tax rate for the second quarter was negative 26%.
Turning to the balance sheet. We ended the second quarter with $1 billion in cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities. Free cash flow was negative $9.8 million or 6% of revenue compared to negative $20.2 million or 20% of revenue in the same period last year.
Operating cash flow was positive $7.5 million in the second quarter or 5% of revenue, which decreased $16 million sequentially and increased $2.5 million year-over-year. As we've mentioned previously, we expect to continue to see some level of variability in cash flow margins due to ongoing fluctuations in working capital, the growth in our large enterprise business and seasonal factors.
Remaining performance obligations or ARPU remained strong in the second quarter, coming in at $484 million, representing an increase of 10% sequentially and 77% year-over-year. Current ARPU was 77% of total ARPU.
Given the strong momentum we are seeing, we remain optimistic and confident in the continued growth of our business. As such, we are pleased to once again raise our revenue outlook for both the quarter and the full year.
As Matthew mentioned previously, we saw some exciting customer wins in the second quarter, which will necessitate increased investment in our network and engineering store. These wins lean heavily into the security aspect of our offering and give us a road map to further expand our platform and enhance strategic partnerships.
Anticipating these deals, we began making these investments in the first quarter. These investments continued in the second quarter and we anticipate will continue through the second half of the year.
Turning to guidance. For the third quarter, we expect revenue in the range of $165 million to $166 million, representing an increase of 45% year-over-year. Recall, in our third quarter 2020 revenue, we had a onetime benefit of $1.9 million related to a customer renewal.
Without this one-time benefit, our third quarter guidance would represent an increase of 47% to 48% year-over-year. We expect operating loss in the range of $9.5 million to $8.5 million and we expect net loss per share in the range of $0.04 to $0.03 and assuming approximately 310 million common share outstanding. We expect an effective tax rate of negative 15%. For the full year 2021, we expect revenue in the range of $629 million to $633 million, representing an increase of 46% to 47% year-over-year. We expect operating loss for the full year in the range of $28 million to $24 million, and we expect net loss per share over the period in the range of $0.12 to $0.11, assuming approximately 309 million common shares outstanding. We expect an effective tax rate for 2021 of negative 19%.
In closing, we completed another very strong quarter. As Matthew mentioned, we also launched our first Impact Week last week. I encourage everyone to take a look at our Impact website where we centralized ESG disclosures and highlight sustainability initiatives. We also published our first greenhouse gas emission report, our first diversity report, and our commitment to not only 100% renewable energy, but also removing all of our historic emissions affiliated with powering our network by 2025.
We're excited to continue to expand our sustainability efforts, which not only tightly aligns with our mission but also strengthens the durability of our business and is additive to the financial work of Cloudflare.
With that, I'd like to open it up for questions. Operator, please poll for questions.
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] We have our first question coming from the line of Matt Hedberg with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.
Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question, and congrats on a really strong quarter here. Matthew, it's clear that the large federal deal stood out to me and is impressive, because I think you've hit some additional levels of FedRAMP certification, but you're still pretty early in your Fed or public sector journey. Can you talk a little bit more about, I guess how extensive the public sector just in general all the way down to state and local governments could be for you guys? And how are you putting more resources behind that? It seems like you talked about GSIs, but just a little bit more on that increasing opportunity.
Sure Matt. As you mentioned, we are in the process of getting our FedRAMP certification and we anticipate that in the first half of next year will be fully FedRAMP certified, but we're already in the marketplace since we're going through the process, and it's going very smoothly and we anticipate that that will go -- continue to go well. We have always had a broad set federal customers. The FBI has been a customer for a long time, the U.S. State Department, Library of Congress and a number of others.
And I think that's because when some of the most sophisticated organizations in the world look at -- that are under constant threat look at the solutions that are out there, they increasingly understand and have for quite some time that we're the best solution for stopping the cyber threats that they face. And so I think that there is a significant opportunity. We are investing both in terms of partnerships with GSIs like, Accenture but then also building out our own team to be able to just -- to be able to service that.
And I think over the last 10 years, we've done a terrific job of building relationships with the people that are really leading the cybersecurity efforts in the US federal government and that's now really paying off. One of the things that's important about us and one of the reasons why this is important is Cloudflare fundamentally is the foundation, on top of which a number of other companies build their products.
And so as other companies are looking for companies that they can trust these wins we see resonating across the entire industry. And again I'm really proud of our team for the success that we've had selling our Zero Trust solution to what is literally the biggest IT buyer in the world.
That's fantastic. And then Thomas, I think the other thing that’s certainly, 71% growth in large deals and a record add was impressive. Can you talk about the success of bundling? I know some of your bigger customers are taking 10 or more products. But just thoughts on leveraging bundles. And I guess maybe Callon in particular. I know it was introduced last year but how successful is that in driving some of this momentum in large enterprise wins?
You heard from Matthew, that he you picked out a couple of deals during the quarter that were Cloudflare one or in part Cloudflare one. So as we migrate in our evolution the product portfolio becomes broader and deeper the bundling of products and the pricing of those bundles becomes a huge opportunity for us.
It's one of the more strategic, important projects that we are currently running within Cloudflare Michelle and I do in order to get more sophistication into our approach. If you look at companies we admire like Salesforce and Microsoft it has been a big part of their journey going up and getting to larger accounts and larger revenue commitments per customers getting more sophisticated in the bundling effort. And we increased 124% of dollar net retention happened primarily because we were really successfully expanding large customers and especially with bundled deals. So we are making good progress, but it's still a huge opportunity in front of us too.
Thanks a lot guys.
We have our next question coming from the line of Brent Thill with Jefferies. Your line is open.
Thanks. Thomas, many have asked just in the second half the guidance is implying a pretty significant deceleration. Is there anything that we should keep in the in mind in terms of modeling other than the bigger comps that you're coming up on?
Brent, you have to keep in mind as I said in my remarks before we -- the third quarter last year was driven by a onetime customer renewal So if you were to take this into account the guidance is now getting up to 46% to 47% year-over-year is probably the strongest guidance we have given in our life as a public company from a growth expectation perspective but it also served us well so far to be prudent in how we think about our future and where the -- the headwinds and tailwinds that we have. And this guidance is consistent with our growth over the last eight quarters taking everything into account that we know and making sure we continue to be thoughtful.
And a quick follow-up for Matthew, maybe from your perspective something that maybe we all can't see that you're seeing that you're particularly surprised or proud about that maybe just didn't come through in the financials is there one or two things that are really surfacing that are maybe surprising given you as architecting the leadership of this move?
I think I'll come back to the team that we have and the strength that we're seeing across applicants for that team. I think across the industry, there are a lot of people as we come out of the other end of COVID who are thinking about, what it is that they can do with their career. Everyone who gets a job at Cloudflare, can work a bunch of other places. And yet we continue to see both the retention of our current team exceed what our expectations are but also just the caliber and quality of people across not just our R&D organization but in the sales and marketing organization.
And I think that companies are just collections of people and so the fact that we have at this time where people are thinking about, what is it that they want to do with their career some of the best and most talented people that I've ever seen are saying "If I can be part of helping build a better Internet that's, what I want to spend the next chunk of my career doing." And I think that that really sets us up well for just continuing to execute as we scale. So I'm really proud of our team and I think that it's amazing that we keep raising the bar on that team.
We have our next question coming from the line of Jim Fish with Piper Sandler. Your line is open.
Hey, guys. Thanks for the questions. You guys clearly don't have enough confidence on your schedule coming up. But nice quarter guys, I wanted to start off with a question for Matthew really on Apple private relay that got announced, what can you say about the reports about this offering? It seems like traffic is already coming in across the cloud for this. Is that the right way to think about it? And how can a relationship like this really changed the industry dynamics in your view?
So, Jim, we have a policy of not talking about any of our customers without their permission. And I'm certainly not going to speculate here on that. But I will tell three stories, I guess about Apple. Back in 1978, when there were two what were known as hobbyists at the time, we now call them developers. But Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak had an idea to build a personal computer, they went to Venrock, which is venture capital arm with the Rockefeller family, and raised their first capital. I feel a certain kinship to that, because when Cloudflare started, we went to Venrock and they were the first capital in Cloudflare, and actually, I was hanging out with Brian Roberts, a few weeks ago, who runs that firm and he said that Cloudflare actually is the first company in the venture capital firm's history to now have surpassed the return that they had with Apple.
So that's something that we're proud of. I think the second bit, which is a little bit more personal was 18 years later in 1996, I was actually in law school. And I heard that, Steve Jobs is actually coming back to Apple. And my dad at the time was a stock broker, and I worked as a ski instructor the year before and saved up a little bit of money. And so I called him and I said, I think, I want to buy 1,000 shares of Apple stock. And that turned out to be a pretty good decision, which will largely pay for my ability to among other things, I go to business school a few years later, where I met Michelle, and we were able to start Cloudflare from that. So I've been an Apple fan boy for a long time, and it's definitely a company that we really admire.
The last story which is actually 19 years after that, I remember I was invited to a very small gathering of tech leaders meeting with senior government officials to talk about how technology companies can help with the fight against various law enforcement requests and terrorism. And it was a pretty incredible group. It was also around the same time Android – you know, phone was in the news about whether or not Apple would unlock that. And we were definitely the smallest company there. There were 12 tech leaders, and it was sort of the who's who of the big tech companies.
And I remember, Tim Cook in this closed meeting started to talk about privacy in a way that was really clear that it came from a deep and personal place, and talk about privacy as a fundamental human right. And that was long before Apple was running commercials on TV about the importance of privacy. And so I think that's something that, they at times have gotten a little bit of a flak investors marketing, but I think I've seen from their senior leadership that that's something that they deeply care about and that's a value that we definitely share with them. And so I've been an Apple fan boy for quite some time and hopefully that's a long enough answer not answering your question.
That was a good sell-side answer honestly. But as you continue to move up market, how is the engagement and go to market changing? How should we think about that evolution of Cloudflare's go to market away like moving away from that premium funnel towards the more direct large enterprises over time? Thanks guys.
Yeah, so I don't think we've ever been sort of the traditional premium customer. We don't think of – and from time-to-time, we get great customers that come in through that free funnel. But by and large that's really – that's not the purpose of that. The purpose of that is really to be able to just innovate as quickly as we can, with such a broad set of customers, and that's paid off incredibly well. I think that, if you fast forward, 10 years from now, Cloudflare's go-to-market motion looks just like any other big enterprise company. And I think we're building that out. You heard a number of deals, where we have now named accounts, specific sales reps, increasingly an enterprise sales team, increasingly working with channel partners and systems integrators.
I think, what's different about us is that, we have used data to build out our go-to-market function in the same way that we use data across our entire company. And that's allowed us to both go into new geographies and new markets and customer segments and industries and to move up in terms of servicing larger customers in a way that again, we're not here to tell you that we don't need salespeople. We believe that we do.
But I think what we've been able to do is use the data from our existing customers to invest behind the demand curve rather than ahead of the demand curve. And while that gets us to the same point that any enterprise sales company gets to, I think, what it allows us to do is very relentlessly execute and make it much less likely that we make a misstep along the way.
We have our next question coming from the line of Shaul Eyal with Cowen. Your line is open.
Thank you. Good afternoon and congrats on the ongoing outperformance. Matthew or Thomas, thanks for the color on paying customers and the large customer addition this quarter. But can you also provide us with an update of the total customer count any relative or even concedes will be appreciated. And I have a follow-up.
Sure. Thanks Shaul. So we're actually pausing the reporting of the total customer count this quarter, although, we're going to bring it back. As just a reminder, total customers included both free and paying customers, and throughout the quarter we saw continued strength in that.
The problem was that that really sort of described the different business than we're in today. It looked at active Internet properties and really only covered those products that relied on actually having like a website. And that didn't include a lot of the new products like Cloudflare One and others. And so we don't feel like that statistic was representative. So we're pausing it. We're going to bring it back.
In the meantime if you do want to continue to track something like that, there are a lot of external services that track kind of what sign-up rates are we've continued to see strength across that W3Techs report that on a month-to-month basis. And so if that's something that you want to continue to track that that would be the place that I would look to get that. And we're looking forward to bringing our total customer count back in a way that's more accurate going forward.
Got it. Understood. And then maybe another one Matthew or Thomas. On the topic of billings versus RPO, some investors some within the investment community are using billings as the metric to track maybe as it relates to cloud where it could actually misconstrue how healthy the underlying trends are. Do you think RPO could be the preferred metric to track? What's the internal thinking on this topic?
Yes. Let me get started here. We think that RPO is the better indicator for the health of our business. That is certainly the number we are focusing on. And as we said, it's up 77% year-over-year in the last quarter current RPO that is the RPO in the balance sheet that we recognize over the next 12 months is up north of 60%.
Billings can be sometimes an arbitrary number just depending on how many billing cycles you run over a quarter. We think RPO is the better health metric for us. And that is the number that we as closely are focused on from how we run the business and how we -- what KPIs we tranche.
Got it. Thank you. Understood. Good luck.
We have our next question coming from the line of Sterling Auty with JPMorgan. Your line is open.
Hey, guys. This is Drew on for Sterling. Matthew, could you expand upon your commentary surrounding the long-term investment trajectory including the time line of that and what areas you're expecting to lean into the most?
Sure, Drew. So, two areas. Obviously, we continue to invest in our sales and marketing motion and think about how as we continue to go up market, we have the team in place to service that. And again, I think what's unique about us is that we're able to invest behind the demand. But we do believe the salespeople and we do believe that marketing matters. We will continue to invest in that because when you're servicing customers that are as large as we have they want to do that.
And it also helps us as we want to expand those customers across our entire product set to have people who can be the advocates who can talk to them and be a part of that. I think the second area where we continue really to invest is in our research and development efforts. Cloudflare runs on innovation and we have designed our entire business in order to be an innovation machine.
And so over the course of the year we have a number of new products that we continue to release. I don't see that slowing down anytime soon. And we definitely -- what we like to do is, design the way that we think about R&D as making a number of that in the area, iterating quickly on those across our broad customer base. And then by the time something is ready for us to take it to our largest customers, it's battle-tested and something that we continue to run on. So I don't think that the formula changes. But I do think that as we get to breakeven being able to pour resources back into that if anything should just accelerate the rate at which we are able to drive real innovation across the company.
Okay. Got it. That’s helpful. Thank you.
We have our next question coming from the line of Tim Horan with Oppenheimer. Your line is open.
Thanks. Just two questions. One I think you're implying the net dollar retention can improve here. Can you talk a little bit how can you improve it still which is a pretty high number and maybe where can it go? And then secondly, some of the carriers out there are partnering with some of the cloud providers. Do you think that they can basically pivot to become a better competitor against you? And/or are you seeing anyone else out there that's really pursuing a similar strategy could be to you? Thanks.
Sure. So let me take both questions and then Thomas may want to add to the first. So first of all, with carriers we work and have had partnerships with carriers for quite some time. Most of the new deployment that we go into we're deploying directly into the carriers' networks. And we have a very symbiotic relationship with them and have been able to continue to invest in that.
We're able to see what the traffic flows are across public clouds and we don't see that there's much resonance for some of the carrier partnerships with the public cloud yet, but it's something that we obviously are watching closely and carefully. And I think that the opportunity that we have is to continue to be a great partner to those carriers wherever they are around the world both to deliver our services and be able to drive down our costs as we continue to build. And I apologize in the process of answering that I forgot what your first question was. But can you repeat it just quickly?
Okay. That's fine. Well just to net dollar retention rate how do you prove on what's really a good number?
Yes. So again we're -- that is something that we focused on. What I love about Cloudflare is when we focus on something we're really good at improving it. I think that it's been driven by new products. And since we don't have a usage-based model where sort of revenue can trombone up and down over time but instead, we have a subscription model it really requires us to sell more products and I think that that's been a piece of it.
I think going back to what Thomas spoke about earlier as the bundling opportunity that feels like the opportunity for us to be able to continue to improve that number over time. I will say that there might be some noise in the dollar-based net retention number where we definitely have worked hard to get it above 120% and we think that that's great. We're not satisfied with where it is. There may be from quarter-to-quarter a little bit of noise in that metric. But we do think that over time we can continue to improve that metric.
Thank you.
One addition maybe so it's good to keep in mind that the dollar net retention is a lagging indicator for us how we report it. So it's lagging the initiatives that we drive. We also have a pay-as-you-go business that is very important for us in terms of how we drive efficiency in the business model. But remember we always said that it's a business that is difficult to expand. So everything you see from an outperformance perspective happens with the drag of the business and is a lagging indicator to the initiatives we have started.
Thank you. We have our next question coming from the line of Jonathan Ruykhaver with Baird. Your line is open.
Yes, so in thinking about Workers you've discussed in the past I would still be emerging tech group and price for adoption compared to revenue. I'm wondering if you could provide any insights into when this might change and it's nothing specific there what kind of criteria you might be looking for and evaluating taking that to market as a more mature solution.
Yes. Thanks, Jonathan. So I think it's a pretty mature solution. We launched it in 2017 and it is -- we're seeing very, very, very large companies bet their businesses on workers. So I think that that -- it is a large solution. I think that what we have been hesitant to do is break out what the specific revenue is because it tends to be part of the larger component of how we're selling our solution.
But we continue to see strength in workers. We see people building and not random start-ups, but really sophisticated large companies building sophisticated complicated application using Workers. And so it is already taking workloads off of the traditional public clouds and the people and the organization just find it magical. So again I think that that even at the prices that we charge for Workers today it is very margin accretive for us. And so again I think it is a competitive product. We think that being very cost-effective is important when you're selling cloud products. We don't think of ourselves as competing with other niche edge computing platforms. We think of ourselves as competing with the big public cloud platform. And so when we think about pricing we think about pricing it in a way that is competitive with those other public clouds and even at those rates again it's margin accretive for us.
Right. Okay. That's helpful. And then just as a quick follow-on. In terms of drivers of serverless Matthew one of the things you hit on is just the compliance to this case. And can you just touch on that a bit more if you're seeing that starting to take hold in the market yet?
Yes. So the first bit is the computing piece of edge computing is the easy piece. The hard piece of storage. And what I think you've seen us do is think through how to have distributed storage in a way that is still easy for developers to wrap their heads around and build, but at the same time gives them the flexibility where they can do things like require a piece of data, never leave a particular geography.
And so I think that the regulatory environment for our customers continues to get more and more complex we're seeing a lot of attention for the regulatory concerns which are coming out of the EU. But what we hear from customers is that that's just the tip of the iceberg and places like India and Brazil and obviously China and others are also putting in place requirements that require people to keep their data from users in country in that particular region.
And so I think that Workers is perfectly positioned for what is a much more complex regulatory environment.
We are today in well over 100 countries worldwide. We're on a path to being in virtually every country worldwide. And what that allows us to do is, help our customers comply with these increasingly complex regulations around the world.
We talked earlier about FedRAMP. Again that's very U.S.-focused. We're doing similar efforts, for example, with the German equivalent and others around the world. And again, I think, that sets us up very well to be able to satisfy the regulatory and compliance needs of many large enterprises. And it's what we keep hearing as the real killer feature that distinguishes Workers from any other computing platform.
That’s great. Thank you.
We have our next question coming from the line of Alex Henderson with Needham. Your line is open.
Thanks. Matt, I just wanted to compliment you for, first, on the Hotel California Amazon data commentary on your blog. I thought it was really well done. I was hoping that you could talk a little bit about the developer community adoption, any change in the rates, any metrics around the size of it. Everybody focuses on the financial side of it, but I think the DevOps community integration is such a key piece. Could you talk and give us some metrics or something to qualify and quantify that please?
Yes, sure. So, more than 50,000 developers wrote their first Workers script or code this time. And that's not signed up for an account. That's actually wrote code and deployed an application. We can -- that continues to grow over time and the retention of those developers. They don't tend to just write something and then go away, but we see them continuing to deliver more and more application and more and more sophisticated applications, as we watch what developers are building.
And so, I think, when we think about the platform I completely agree with you, whoever has the most developers win, we want to make a platform which, yes, satisfies the CIO and CTO and General Counsel for its regulatory compliance. Yes, it is incredibly cost effective. Of course, it is incredibly consistent. We're already the fastest that's out there. But then we really need to continue to invest in making that -- in developing that platform's ecosystem.
One of the things that I'm excited about is, well, we've largely talked about big customers here. We're increasingly seeing startups that are building entire applications from scratch on the Workers platform. And that's exciting, both because it's really just a very fervent area of excitement and it's how you build communities and build ecosystem.
But it also is a great way for us to be looking out, whether or not there are really great features that maybe other companies and small companies develop that might be natural either things that we can bring into a marketplace or maybe even as potential tuck-in acquisitions that don't have the technical integration risk that would be if they were using completely different platforms. So, I'm excited about it. If you search on Twitter, if you go in our Discord channel, you'll see the developers are excited about it and again it's picking up steam.
Great. Thanks.
We have our next question coming from the line of Jim Breen with William Blair. Your line is open.
Thanks for taking the questions. From some time you sort of update your -- what you guys believe is the addressable market just given sort of all the new product launches, et cetera, can you just talk about how you see that moving now?
And then a little bit off of Tim Horan's question just around your existing customer base growth. Any sort of metrics there on the security side in terms of your paying customers how many products they're taking and how that's maybe changed over time? Thanks.
So, I'll take the second half of that and then Thomas can comment on the first half. So, we -- at our last Investor Day we updated that today it's north of -- I think it's 80% Tom, so correct me if I'm wrong, our customers are using four or more of our products. And that tends to be the magic number for us in terms of really having stickiness and really differentiating ourselves in the marketplace.
And typically customers will span across both security but then also performance and reliability. About 50% of our revenue -- 50% of sort of the initial interest that we get comes from our security products, about 25% from performance, about 25% from reliability. But I think that that somewhat mischaracterizes what Cloudflare really is which is a platform that allows you to have all three of those things in one unified solution.
So, we continue to see that customers are taking more of our products as we launch products we're really building out that engine makes it so that we can very quickly our new products into our existing customer base and have them adopted. And that -- again, I think that that is -- it is very difficult to compete with us once we get customers to understand the power of using the broad platform that we have.
Yes, I wouldn't want to disclose any new additional data. But I think the point that Matthew just made is important relating to that our ability to bundle as our product portfolio gets broader and broader our ability to customize bundles for specific customer needs and compete more effectively against point solution providers I think this is the opportunity that is there.
And I got the -- I looked at that quickly. It's 88% of our contracted customers used four or more cloud product and 79% are five or more.
Great. Thank you very much.
We have our next question coming from the line of Gregg Moskowitz with Mizuho. Your line is open.
Okay. Thank you and good afternoon guys. Matthew you mentioned Zero Trust a couple of times as driving some important wins for you this quarter. And as part of this I was wondering if Cloudflare for Teams is starting to compete on a head-to-head basis more frequently at the enterprise level.
Yes, absolutely. I think that if you look at what for example the United States government chose and is going to be offering to all civilian federal agencies. That's a subset of the Cloudflare for Teams product in order to make sure that government workers are not targeted by malware don't fall for phishing scams.
And so, we're really proud of that win. But there were many, many, many more wins where Cloudflare for Teams is going up against companies that only do that sort of Zero Trust types of solution. And our win rates are very strong.
I think the place where we have really excelled is in both ease of use. And it sort of either use needs of deployment, which again I think comes from the heritage that we've always really thought about, how can, we make things incredibly easy to use.
And then, secondly, we really resonate with the developer community. And so for the more technical buyers, they are -- we win those deals up, down, left, right and sideways. And I think where we continue to invest and where we will make progress is making sure that we are top right in Gartner and Forrester and all of the other analyst briefings.
But again, starting with some of these great customer wins that we have is the key in order to order to be able to demonstrate that from the industry. And we think we're well on the path to being in the consideration set for anyone who is thinking about Zero Trust solutions.
All right. That's really helpful. And then just a quick follow-up on workers, so even at its somewhat low scale today this is a very margin-accretive offering for you?
Yes. It is margin accretive -- even at 78% gross margin.
All right, terrific. Thanks very much.
Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I will now turn the call back over to the presenters, for any closing comments.
We had an absolutely terrific quarter. Really appreciate all of our team, working hard to deliver the results that we have. Looking forward to seeing many of you at the upcoming shareholder and technology conferences and we're going to get back to work to helping build a better Internet. Thank you.
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.