© 2024 Alpha Spread Limited. All Rights Reserved.
www.alphaspread.com is not operated by a broker, a dealer, or a registered investment adviser. Under no circumstances does any information posted on www.alphaspread.com represent a recommendation to buy or sell a security. The information on this site, and in its related newsletters, is not intended to be, nor does it constitute, investment advice or recommendations. The information on this site is in no way guaranteed for completeness, accuracy or in any other way. In no event shall Alpha Spread Limited be liable to any member, guest or third party for any damages of any kind arising out of the use of any content or other material published or available on www.alphaspread.com, or relating to the use of, or inability to use, www.alphaspread.com or any content, including, without limitation, any investment losses, lost profits, lost opportunity, special, incidental, indirect, consequential or punitive damages. Past performance is a poor indicator of future performance.
You don't have any saved screeners yet
Intrinsic Value is all-important and is the only logical way to evaluate the relative attractiveness of investments and businesses.
Hello, everyone and welcome to the O-I Glass Full Year and Fourth Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Davie and I'll be coordinating your call today. [Operator Instructions]
I would now like to hand the call over to your has Chris Manuel, Vice President of Investor Relations, to begin. So Chris, please go ahead.
Thank you, Dave and welcome, everyone, to the O-I Glass full year and fourth quarter earnings call. Our discussion today will be led by Andres Lopez, our CEO; and John Haudrich, our CFO.
Today, we will discuss key business developments and review our financial results. Following prepared remarks, we will host a Q&A session. Presentation materials for this earnings call are available on the company's website. Please review the safe harbor comments and disclosure of our use of non-GAAP financial measures included in those materials.
I'd now like to turn the call over to Andres, who will start on Slide 3.
Good morning, everyone and thanks for your interest in O-I. We are very pleased with O-I's performance in 2022, our results exceeded guidance and we achieved all of our key commitments.
Last night, we reported adjusted earnings of $2.30 per share which represented more than 25% increase from the prior year results and exceeded guidance. As you can see on the left, we have very good business momentum, with consistent adjusted earnings growth over the past several years. The strong results reflected solid execution across all key business levers. Earnings benefited from significant net price as well as sales volume growth, good operating performance and our margin expansion initiatives. Importantly, Full year free cash flow and fourth quarter results also exceeded our most recent business outlook. In fact, this represents the 12th consecutive quarter we have met or exceeded the Street consensus.
In addition to a strong operating performance, we also achieved all of our key strategic objectives in 2022. Margins were up and we initiated our capacity expansion program to enable profitable growth that includes our first MAGMA greenfield plant. We also significantly improved our structure as Paddock result is legacy as best related liabilities and we completed our portfolio optimization program. As a result, we now have the healthiest balance sheet in the past decade.
Reflecting solid business momentum, we expect our performance will continue to improve in 2023 as we further advance our strategy. John will expand on our financial performance and outlook a bit later.
Let's move to Page 4 as we review recent sales volume trends. As expected, shipments increased about 1% in 2022 following significant growth in 2021 when volumes rebounded from the onset of the pandemic. While demand remains healthy, our growth has been limited by capacity constraints and record low inventory levels in key markets. Growth was most notable in the spirits, wine and NAB categories, while beer and food were slightly down. Shipments increased nearly 4% in Europe and were up across all end use categories amid a strong underlying demand and glass supply constraints. Volume declined 1% in the Americas, primarily reflecting lower production due to planned and unplanned downtime in North America and Brazil, while we contended with record low inventories across Latin America. Consistent with guidance, fourth quarter shipments were down about 3% given the challenging prior year comparison when volumes were up a robust 5.4%.
Looking to the future, we anticipate continued healthy demand as illustrated by Euromonitor projections, indicating average annual growth of 2% to 4% in the key markets we serve through 2025. Overall, we expect our shipment leverage would be flat to up 1% in 2023. The first phase of our expansion program will add much needed new capacity. However, this benefit will be tempered by record low inventory levels and the impact of higher asset project activity as maintenance initiatives normalize and supply chain [ph]. Stronger shipment levels are anticipated in 2024 as more new capacity comes online. Overall, we have not seen significant changes in demand patterns slightly but we'll continue to monitor market conditions given the risk of recession.
Let's turn to Page 5. On top of the strong recent performance, we also achieved all 2022 key strategic objectives. Segment operating profit margins were up 110 basis points as we exceeded our targets for both net price realization and margin expansion initiative benefits. As noted, our capacity expansion projects are progressing well as we capitalize on the strongest glass fundamentals in at least 20 years. All MAGMA development efforts are advancing well and we have broken ground on our first MAGMA greenfield in Kentucky. Likewise, the full-scale market trial of our new ultra-light weighted solution is proceeding well. Our ESG and Glass Advocacy efforts continue to advance. As discussed, we significantly improved our structure as Paddock result is legacy asbestos-related liabilities and we wrapped up our portfolio optimization program.
I want to thank the O-I team for advancing our strategy and achieving all key objectives in 2022. We have established another set of ambitious and achievable objectives to advance O-I's strategy in 2023, as shown on Page 6. Higher earnings and margins should benefit from a strong net price realization and our ongoing margin expansion initiatives. As you can see, we have increased our annual initiative target to more than $100 million which now includes a set of focused initiatives to advance performance across targeted operations primarily in North America.
Efforts include growing in attractive markets in North America, supported by our ongoing expansion program. Likewise, we recently closed one low-margin furnace and are in the process of closing 1 more low-margin forgers in the near future. Currently, we are distributing that volume within the network. We also intend to improve our commercial position as we reset over 40% of our customer agreements with more favorable price and terms and implement current price adjustment formulas which will recover significant prior period cost inflation. We are off to the races and expect to advance our capacity expansion program to enable profitable growth. We aim to complete our Canada and Colombia projects during the first half of the year as we continue the next phase of projects in Brazil, Peru and Scotland as well as our first MAGMA greenfield in Kentucky.
Additionally, we will advance our MAGMA development efforts that will enable commercialization of both Gen 2 and Gen 3 in 2024 and 2024, respectively. Likewise, we expect to complete the ULTRA qualification in Colombia that will pave the way for future deployments. We intend to accelerate the use of key technologies to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions on top of a set of initiatives to expand recycling rates. We will advance our Glass Advocacy campaign and increasingly prioritize B2B connections to build the O-I brand with decision makers. Finally, we will continue to improve the capital structure and expect to reduce our net leverage ratio to below 3x by the end of 2023. I'm highly confident these efforts will advance our strategy as we continue to transform O-I.
Turning to Page 7. We are very excited about our first Magma greenfield plant in Bowling Green, Kentucky which is on track for initial commercialization of Gen 2 by mid-2024 and yet by mid-2025. We are designing the plant to be a showcase facility that will demonstrate all of our next-generation capabilities. This new state-of-the-art facility will include the MAGMA melter, new melter batch system and pilot forming machine. It will be fully digitized with a high-performance operating structure. This highly scalable plant will eventually include all MAGMA generations, with advanced sustainability features as well as ultra-light weighting system. Located in the Volvo trail, the [indiscernible] plan will demonstrate the value of near locations and will be a key hub for further customer collaboration, investor visits and demonstration of O-I's next-generation capabilities. I invite you to review a recent video that we created that shows MAGMA in action and further discusses these many important attributes. This slide includes the link to the video.
Now, I turn it over to John to review financial matters starting on Page 8.
Thanks, Andres, and good morning, everyone. O-I reported full year adjusted earnings of $2.30 per share which exceeded guidance and increased 26% from the prior year. In fact, performance improved across several key financial measures, as illustrated on the left. Earnings improved in both the Americas and Europe as segment operating profit increased to $960 million, reflecting strong net price realization as well as modest sales volume growth and solid operating performance despite higher asset project expense.
Turning to the fourth quarter, we reported adjusted earnings of $0.38 per share which was up from the prior year and exceeded guidance. Results increased 36% from the prior year when adjusting for FX divestitures and interest in funding the Paddock Trust. Fourth quarter segment profit was $206 million, up more than 25% on an adjusted basis as margins increased 100 basis points. Strong net price boosted earnings and as expected, sales volume was down about 3% given challenging prior year comps.
Finally, operating costs were up, primarily reflecting elevated asset project activity. The Americas reported $83 million of segment operating profit which was down from the prior year on an adjusted basis. Earnings benefited from favorable net price, while sales volume was down 6% amid elevated project activity. As expected, higher operating costs were partially offset by our margin expansion initiatives.
In Europe, segment operating profit was $123 million, up $52 million from the prior year on an adjusted basis. Very favorable net price boosted earnings while operating costs were up as noted. The chart provides additional details on nonoperating items. Yet again, the company delivered strong earnings and margin improvement despite the highly volatile macro environment.
Let's turn to cash flow and the balance sheet, I'm now on Page 4, rather, Page 9. As shown on the left, we reported free cash flow of $236 million which exceeded guidance, yet was down from the prior year due to higher CapEx given expansion project investment. Adjusted free cash flow which excludes the strategic CapEx, totaled $426 million, an increase from the prior year, demonstrating O-I's improved operating performance. In fact, our cash flow conversion was around 36%, well ahead of our 25% to 30% goal. At the same time, we have significantly improved our balance sheet position.
As shown on the right, total financial leverage was around 3.4x at the end of the year, down 1x from last year and 2x from 2020. This improvement reflects higher earnings, solid free cash flow generation and proceeds from our portfolio optimization program, while funding the Paddock Trust. In fact, we achieved our 2024 Investor Day goal of 3.5x leverage well ahead of schedule. Recognizing our progress, both Moody's and S&P increased our credit rating this year and we now have one of the better balance sheets in the rigid packaging sector. In summary, core operating cash flows improved and our balance sheet is in the best place in a decade.
Let's discuss our 2023 business outlook. I'm now on Page 10. Overall, we have very good momentum heading into the new year. Earnings will benefit from strong net price realization and flat to modest sales volume growth. Operating costs should be up due to elevated asset project activity, partially offset by the benefit of margin expansion initiatives. As a result, we anticipate adjusted EBITDA should exceed $1.37 billion, an increase of 15% from 2022.
Full year adjusted earnings should exceed $2.50 per share, reflecting very good EBITDA improvement, partially offset by elevated interest expense. Overall, we expect earnings will be front-loaded in 2023. Net price realization will likely peak in the first half as earnings benefit from annual price adjustment formulas that recapture prior year inflation and new increases effective in January of 2023. Likewise, we will lap the prior year 3 price increases over the course of the year. As such, we anticipate earnings will be up nicely during the first half of the year, while second half results could be more comparable to 2022 levels. You can see that reflected in our first quarter guidance of $0.80 to $0.85 per share which is a significant increase from the prior year, reflecting strong net price and the benefit of inventory revaluation due to elevated inflation.
Given macro uncertainty and the risk of recession, we are providing base performance levels for full year 2023 rather than an EPS range at this time. We do intend to introduce an earnings guidance range in a quarter or 2 once there is greater market clarity.
Adjusted free cash flow should increase to at least $450 million and free cash flow should be at least $150 million which is down from the prior year due to elevated CapEx approximating $700 million to $725 million. Higher CapEx reflects increased expansion investments as well as normalized maintenance project activities as supply chains improve. As Andres mentioned, our leverage ratio should end the year below 3x as we continue to focus on balance sheet improvement amid a higher interest expense environment. Overall, we are optimistic as we enter 2023 and expect continued positive momentum despite ongoing macro uncertainty.
While intentionally cautious on the back half of the year, we are well prepared to manage through elevated volatility as we have done over the past 3 years. Importantly, we have already achieved all of our key 2024 financial targets, as presented at our most recent Investor Day, well ahead of schedule and our 2023 guidance exceeded those goals. Given the foundation we have established and good momentum, we anticipate continued performance improvement in 2024 and beyond and expect to introduce new long-term targets once macro stabilize.
Let me wrap up by restating our capital allocation priorities. I'm now on Page 11. Improving our capital structure remains our top capital allocation priority. As noted, we expect leverage will end the year below 3x. We will continue to reduce debt consistent with our glide path to 2.5x leverage and expect to eliminate our net unfunded pension liabilities over the next few years. Our second priority is to fund profitable growth. This includes our current $630 million expansion program. We do anticipate continued modest portfolio optimization as we seek to increase ROIC which could also help with debt reduction or expansion.
Returning value to shareholders is our final priority. We will continue our anti-dilutive share repurchase program. Likewise, we may evaluate additional share repurchases or reinstate dividend as we get closer to our capital structure objectives.
Thank you and I'll turn it back to Andres for concluding remarks.
Thanks, John. In summary, we are very pleased with our performance in 2022. Adjusted earnings per share increased more than 25% from the prior year and exceeded guidance. As noted earlier, we have met or exceeded the Street consensus for 12 consecutive quarters. In addition to strong performance, we also achieved all key strategic objectives in the past year. We increased margins, initiated our capacity expansion program, advanced breakthrough technologies and significantly improved the structure of the company. We have a strong momentum heading into the new year. As such, we expect higher results as we continue to advance our strategy in 2023 and beyond.
Finally, I believe O-I represents an attractive investment opportunity as we strengthen our financial profile, execute our transformation program, enable profitable growth, advance breakthrough innovations like MAGMA and ULTRA and further leverage our sustainability position going in the new green economy. We are confident this strategy will create value for all stakeholders.
Thank you and we're ready to address your questions.
[Operator Instructions] Our first question today comes from Ghansham Panjabi from Baird.
Anders, looking back at 2022 on a segment basis, I mean, Europe was up 320 basis points from a margin standpoint year-over-year, up significantly versus the pre-COVID level. And obviously, there was a lot of chaos last year with European natural gas and so on and so forth. How do you think this evolves from a margin structure standpoint, specific to Europe if, for example, natural gas prices or energy costs more broadly revert towards pre-war levels?
Thank you, Ghansham. Well, if we look at the demand fundamentals in Europe, they're very solid. In 2022, all in users, beer and AB food, wine and spirits performed quite well. So this is happening across markets in Europe and across end users. When we look at the wine and beer demand, for example, so Champagne, Prosecco, Italian wine in France and Italy, it is particularly strong. And you know these 2 markets are very large and relevant markets for O-I. Spirits in the U.K. is very strong, too. Now along with that, we mentioned before, there is a large shortage of glass in Europe that is driven by all this growth that I mentioned, plus the capacities locations that are up to 1 million tons, about 4% -- 5% of the total supply. And we believe this is going to take several years to be resolved, right?
So from a demand standpoint, we see this continuing. When we look at the gas prices, we're continuously looking at the TTF futures. And when we look at those futures, that -- they suggest to us that this is going to be a multiyear dynamic. And today, we're dealing with a milder winter. This is -- there is still winter to go, that we will be facing replenishing the storages, most likely dynamics are going to change at that time. So I think we've got to see how this unfolds. But you will expect that many users of natural gas bought position in the second half when prices drop a little bit, most likely they're buying positions today and that will take most likely care of 2023. So we're out of this year into the following years. But back to the TTF futures, when we look at them, they suggest this is going to be a multiyear dynamic.
And back to Europe performance, the European performance improvement has been a long-term trend. Since 2015, every year, we've been up in earnings and margins and returns. And we're seeing the continuation of that. I think we're very well organized and prepared in Europe to really drive value out of that very important market.
That's very helpful. And then for the first quarter, can you quantify the inventory revaluation benefit? And then also related to that, you're pointing towards $100 million plus margin expansion initiatives for the year in terms of benefit. Can you just give us a bit more color as to what that's being driven by?
Yes Ghansham, this is John. So on the inventory revaluation, as you know, we have to properly state the inventories on our balance sheet and given the higher level of inflation that we have periodically, we have to do these inventory revaluations. It is adding about $20 million or almost $0.10 in the first quarter of this year relative to if we did not have that adjustment. But keep in mind, that really doesn't affect the full year, it just kind of flushes through over the course of the year. So it doesn't contribute meaningfully to our full year outlook for the business.
And as we look at the margin expansion initiatives, $100 million, if you look at that, we had a target in 2022 of $50 million, we came in at $70 million. So we've been doing well in this and we feel confident that we can continue to do well through the combination of our margin -- our revenue optimization activities which test things like value-based pricing, plant profitability which is a lot of the cost-related elements of the plant, as well as what we call cost transformation which is on the OpEx side as we continue to do various different things. But we did add, as Anders noted in the prepared comments, a more focused activity over in North America. And that is certainly contributing to the ability to get to $100 million, in particular, the price resetting activity that Andres mentioned should give us some initial benefits that will bring early benefits to getting to that number.
Yes. And I think it's important to highlight that the resetting of conditions commercially in North America is a long-term move. So this has been a market under significant pressure over the last few years and we're working on this structurally. So we're working on a large turnaround effort to get back to the earnings and margins and returns potential of this very important market. So what we're doing in the commercial side, from our perspective, is a long-term move.
Our next question is from George Staphos from Bank of America.
George?
George, are you there?
We're not getting any more you from George, so I'll move on to the next question. Our next question today comes from the line of Anthony Pettinari from Stanton.
This is actually Bryan Burgmeier sitting in for Anthony. You've been saying capacity in Europe is reduced by about 5% due to the more and elevated costs. Have you seen any capacity come back online with nat gas moving lower? And do you have a view on industry operating rates in Europe in 2023 kind of based on the projects announced by O-I and competitors?
So there is a shortage of capacity of 1 million tons, adding up to about 5% of the supply. We haven't seen the capacity coming back. At some point, it will come back, some of it will come back. But you also got to take into consideration that the Italy and France, as an example and even North Central Europe, are all importers at this point in time. So beyond that 1 million tons, there is a significant volume that is imported every year into those markets. So from our perspective, the backlog in Europe is quite large. Inventories are still to go up. And this situation with capacity in Europe is going to be a long-term issue. The -- I think you can see that when several players including O-I are building capacity to be able to keep up with the growth and those circumstances of dislocation of capacity. This is going to take time to be resolved.
Got it. Thanks for that color. Last question for me. Equity earnings were up quite a bit in 4Q. I guess just what do you attribute to that growth? And do you have any thoughts on equity earnings in 2023?
Yes, sure. So we have about 4 or 5 strategic JVs that we have spread across the globe. And we have, in particular, 2, 1 in Europe and that caters to the higher-end categories and then 1 over in Mexico. Those have been doing quite well for the business. Again, a lot of the trends that we've been seeing over in Europe have buoyed up that joint venture over in Europe. We expect continued good progress in our joint ventures in 2023 also.
Our next question is from Mike Roxland from Truist Securities.
Congrats on a solid quarter and a solid year.
Thank you, Mike.
First question I had is, you mentioned and John, you made a comment as well in terms of setting the contract in North America. How far along are you in doing that? And do those contracts allow you to recover previous inflation? I think -- you made a comment then allow you to cover some of that inflation. So I'm just wondering if they fully allow you to a recover the inflation that you experienced last year partially? Just some more color around where you are in the process, we're seeing those contracts and if you're able to recur anything historically?
Well, so we had a plan to reset contracts impacting starting 2023, that's mostly done. And it is a sizable percentage of the total business. We expect to record inflation through the PAF. So that's going to come into 2023 but we're also resetting the conditions of those contracts in addition to PAF's inflation recovery. So it's a large effort to recover healthy margins, healthy returns in this important market.
Yes. One thing I would add on that one, Mike, is that the contracts that we're referring to is North America has long-term contracts, 5, 7-plus years type of windows. So a number of the ones that we're addressing right now were set, call it, 2.15, 2.18 [ph] something like that. which are some of the most challenging environments that we saw in the North America marketplace with what was going on with mega beer at that time as well as the hard seltzer. So they were set in pretty challenging economic conditions. We're seeing a much more constructive environment as the growth in the premium categories and a lot of other new attractive categories that we're seeing in North. And so we're in a much better place as we set those contracts.
Got it. And so it doesn't allow, John, for anything retroactively [ph]?
Yes. The price adjustment formulas that Andres had spoken about will recapture 2022 inflation that obviously was significantly rebounding. And what I would say is the terms of -- the pricing terms of these new agreements are measurably better than the terms that we had prior to that. You can apportion that to recovery of historic inflation or, you can just attribute it to more value creation but it is a step-up in the overall value that we're getting on that business.
Got it. And then my second question, just can you provide us with an update on the progress you've made and adding the energy flexibility to our European plants. I think you were targeting either late last year or only this year to have 50% equipped with that energy switching flexibility. And then just as the energy contracts that you've already entered into say, pre-COVID, likely will for the next few years. Given where we are today, given the fact that European natural gas prices are lower, is it fair to assume that you're exploring options to enter into similar type contracts to hedge your energy position in Europe?
Yes. So with regards to the progress on adding or enabling the current assets to use alternative fuels, we're making very good progress. The final target is 50 [ph]. The circumstances have been improving. So that give us a little bit more relief in that process. But we started very early last year and we're in a very good place at this point in time to be able to respond if that is necessary.
Then on the other question on the energy contracts, just a little background for everybody. We've taken for years a sophisticated structural approach to the energy procurement. As a result, a number of years ago, we established best-in-class long-term energy contracts and that was done prior to the run-up in the cost that we've seen in the last few years. This -- as you alluded to, this long-term position extends well beyond the current year. So we should have an enduring competitive advantage here for that period of time. And keep in mind, we do believe we need this. It's not only just the inflation that we're seeing directly but we have SG&A inflation, higher interest rates, CapEx inflation and things like that. So, at this point in time, we don't feel the need to get into the marketplace.
And Anders alluded to it a little earlier is, is even though natural gas has come off in Europe off of its high, it kind of averaged €120 per megawatt hour last year. It's still quite elevated at around €60 per megawatt hour compared to maybe pre, call it, pandemic numbers of €20 per megawatt hour. So, at this point in time, it's still quite elevated. And of course, we're seeing probably a little bit of a lower window given the warm winter but we believe that there's still a structural challenge over in Europe on energy. So again, I think we don't feel any pressure to get into the market.
Our next question today comes from Kyle White from Deutsche Bank.
Congrats on the strong quarter and a strong year. I guess just first, I think you mentioned you're looking to introduce an actual guidance range for the full year and the future as you gain more market clarity. What are you waiting on here to get more clarity on? Is it more -- is it consumer demand? Is it inflation? Just any more detail you can provide behind that decision?
Yes. I think it has to do with all the macros. I think the first variable that we're looking at more than anything is what is the likelihood of recession in particular in the back half of the year, the implications. We don't really see any tripping any wire between now and midyear in our business. Now we just don't have the visibility into the back half of the year. So we've intentionally tapped down our expectations and what we're showing here in the back half of the year because of that uncertainty. And so obviously, what happens on interest rates and everything like that has a big effect on how people view the economy and potential harder soft landing and things like that. So obviously, that's a big determinant of, I think, whether we drip into recessionary pressures or not. So we're clearly watching that and of course, the volume activity and sentiment from our customers.
Appreciate it. And then on volumes, looking at the Americas, do you have a sense if the decline this quarter was the result of any destocking? Or was it just consumer weakness, given inflation? Just what's your best sense of the driver here? And I would appreciate if you're also giving any kind of target range for volumes for 2023 by the segments or by the region?
Yes. So the demand fundamentals in the Americas are very good. And in fact, when it comes to Latin America, we remain with very large backlogs and -- in those markets, that's why we're building capacity and we are importing glass as well as other players are importing glass to be able to support those markets. So the Americas North, too, or North America is quite stable. The performance of the MEGA beer has been stabilizing. The decline has been slowing. The premium beer is growing well and premium products are in a very good place. The issue is that we have very tough comps with Q1 2022. That was the time when we were coming back from the pandemic inventories where we will, there was a price increase in the second quarter of 32% that increased in the first quarter of '21. So we're dealing with that.
On top of it, our inventories are low. So we can now ship anymore, out of inventories, incremental -- more incremental demand as we did before. So the situation is tight. And then we have a higher level of asset activity at this point in some of these markets which is also limiting our ability to ship. So all those things come together. That's -- we are in forecast. At this point in time, everything is proceeding as we expected. And as capacity comes into operation, we're going to see the positive effect of that on demand.
And kind of an other aspects of your question there. If you look at what happened in Americas where the volumes were down 6% in the fourth quarter, that was attributed to our own maintenance activity. We had significant rebuild activity going on both in Brazil and North America. And back to Andres' comments there, the inventories are just a record low levels and given that activity it, was very difficult to meet the demand. And as we look to 2023, overall, we think probably there's probably more volume growth opportunity in the Americas given that all markets are dealing with low inventory levels but we are adding new capacity over in Europe -- I mean in the Americas, primarily in Colombia and Canada. So that will come online and allow to have a little bit more growth in the Americas.
Our next question today comes from Arun Viswanathan from RBC Capital Markets.
I guess I just wanted to understand the earnings in context of your medium-term and long-term targets. So you noted that you reached your '24 number expectations ahead of time in '23 here. So would you characterize the '23 guidance which is about 15% above where many of the Street expectations are and you noted that you beat those 12 quarters in a row. Would you characterize your '23 kind of full year outlook on operating income as kind of a new base level? And the way I would kind of think about it is, since you're growing now in the 2% to 4% range, even though '23 is going to below that for macro concerns, would you just apply kind of a new margin range on some of this heightened growth? And so maybe, in the out years, you'd reach [indiscernible] levels in '25? Is that how we can think about it.
Yes. What I would say is, I mean and you included in our prepared comments, we had indicated we expect continued earnings improvement in, not only '23 but also in '24. There's a lot of moving parts. We're managing a lot of levers in the business. Of course, we are raising prices, as we've discussed before. but we are profitably growing our business. Most of that capacity expansion will come more online in 2024 and 2025. And to your point, we're targeting nice categories. So those should be able to inch the margins up in that particular regard. We got more ongoing margin expansion initiatives with in particular, we were profiling North America. There's a couple of years' worth of opportunity there that we're going to be focusing on. We're also focusing on the capital structure, as you know and trying to improve that position that will benefit the organization. And of course, a little bit longer terms while we starting in 2024, we got MAGMA coming online and that starts to change the capital intensity and margin position of the company in a more favorable way. So I think we've got a lot of levers, a lot of arrows in the quiver to be able to continue to drive improvement going forward.
At this point in time, we're not providing necessarily long-term guidance and things like that and we'll reintroduce those once our -- once we see a little bit of stabilization in the macro.
And then just as a quick follow-up on free cash flow then. So how do you see that evolving, say, from the $2.36 [ph] in '22 Working capital. I would imagine could be a slight positive in '23, just given some of the pullback in some of the raw materials? Or is it the other way that you're still building inventory and that's going to be a drag? Is there a possibility for free cash flow to approach $400 million in '23 maybe?
So first of all, I would say that we expect continued progress in our adjusted free cash flow. I mean that takes out [indiscernible] due to the changes in capital allocation expansion investments. So the big drivers there, obviously, is a continued improvement in EBITDA. The CapEx, as we've noted, at least with the planned activities we have right now, 2023 has $300 million of CapEx. Considering what we did in 2024, that leaves about $150 million for expansion in 2024. So that's a drop off, right? And so that should go and benefit the cash flow position of the business. Some other levers, interest expense, obviously, is up quite a bit this year. Hopefully, that stabilizes at its particular level or we'll see what happens with rates and see what goes on in there. And so I think we're pretty optimistic about the ability to generate improved cash flow, in particular. Just to reinforce the adjusted free cash flow this year will be $450 million or higher and that's an improvement over what we saw in 2022.
Our next question today comes from the line of Gabe Hajde from Wells Fargo.
Congrats on the year and the quarter. I just had, I guess, 2 quick questions. One, regional specific to Brazil. And just trying to, I guess, compare contrast what we saw in the last couple of months of the year on beer production down in Brazil and I guess relative to some, call it, political instability down there and then sort of what you're seeing with your customers as they're managing the different pack mix down there. So maybe in tougher economic times folks go back to reusable. And then any insight into where you think the fleet might be on the resalable side. If that's something that needs to be replenished? Appreciating again, that you guys are adding some capacity down there Andean inventories are pretty tight.
Yes. So we have data for Brazil through November year-to-date 2022 for beer. And in that data, for the entire year to that point, glass was growing close to 5%. So the performance of glass has been very strong. It's both in returnable and one way. Overall, the Brazilian market, despite of the capacity increases, continues to be very short of supply. Imports are very large and that's driven by beer performance which is quite good but it's also driven by good performance across all end users. So this market and the [indiscernible] markets are in that same boat. They are both performing quite well across end users. They're both short of capacity and we're building in both markets to be able to address that challenge.
The returnable containers are doing quite well because of 2 reasons. One is, they generate better affordability for consumers and they're better for sustainability reasons. This is the best container you can have for sustainability reasons. As a consequence of that, there is expansion of the use of those containers even in premium brands which wasn't the case before. If we look at Mexico, for example, the -- our customers are emphasizing returnable containers [indiscernible] and they're doing it for those 2 reasons and that's driving a sizable incremental demand in that market, too. So all in all, the outperformance in Brazil is quite good. There is capacity being built. So we expect that to come online and it's going to help our volumes there and we'll continue from there.
All right. And 1 on Europe and just -- I know it's challenging in terms of visibility. But maybe knock-on effects from China reopen and we talked a lot about on-prem, off-prem consumption during the pandemic. But to the extent that we get maybe another active year of travel from folks over in China that have been locked up for a while and a lot of, I guess, spirits being sold through duty-free, is that something where you're hearing from your customers that they want to be prepared for that? Or is that just sort of made up in my head?
Well, the on-premise channel is back -- the Horeca [ph] what they call Horeca [ph] channel which is hotels with restaurants and catering is back. So that's driving very good demand. Something that we learn over the last 3 years, different -- when compared to what we used to believe is that the resilience of the glass packaging in both on-premise or resilience to shift in on-premise to a premise is very good. So any direction it moves, I think glass is going to perform well. With regards to China, we've got to see where this goes but there is an expectation for reopening and higher level of activity. That's something that we didn't mention before but got to be factoring in energy prices because that's going to pull from there, too, on top of the water issues and the storage levels which are going to play on the prices in Europe. So altogether -- all in all, the demand in Europe is very healthy on-premise and off-premise. The expectation also is that the at-home consumption will remain. It has remained so it used to be higher than in the pandemic but it's now higher than it used to be pre-pandemic. And in that channel, we performed well.
And just as a reminder, about 40% of what we actually make in Europe ultimately gets exported out of Europe into other markets, such as China or the into the Americas or whatever. So any in those particular market activities, more reopening in China could bode well for support of those export activities.
[Operator Instructions] Our next question is from Michelle Filipe from Jefferies.
I have just 1 question. It's similar to what has been asked before but is now focused on your European business. Can you refresh us on your sales price increase through 2022, both in terms of rough quantum and timeline? And also, if you can share insights on price negotiations entering into 2023 and maybe expectation for later in the year?
Yes. So specifically on the price increases, we don't generally comment on the specific price increases that we put into the marketplace for competitive purposes. But you can go, obviously and look at the information that we have in our financial reports. I think if you take a look at the enterprise, we were up 13%, I believe, on an FX-adjusted basis on revenue overall as an enterprise. And I think that number is available. I think it's 16% over in Europe on average for the full year and obviously, the exit rate would be bigger than that.
And with regards to 2023, price negotiations are largely on, not just in Europe but across the whole market.
And to your second question, where do we stand in the pricing process is as most people are familiar, we -- 17% [ph] of our business in Europe is open market or at least annual agreements and those tend to get reset at the time of the year. We are largely through that but not complete. And so we continue with that effort but it's -- like I said, it's pretty advanced.
We have a follow-up question from Gabe Hajde from Wells Fargo.
Just 1 quick follow-up. I think I know the answer to this but there's been some recent headlines in the news on another case tangential to the litigation that you guys have a deal with in regards to asbestos. And I just want to make sure, I mean, you guys have -- that was a kind of a bilateral agreement amongst all parties and that stuff is in terms of funding the trust and something that can't be reopened.
Yes, yes. Just to be clear that the Paddock Chapter 11 case is closed. That included a consensual agreement. We funded the trust. We have the channeling injunction fully in place, so that Chapter 11 is closed.
Our last question today comes from Mike Leithead from Barclays.
A nice quarter. Real quick on the CapEx outlook. I appreciate, again, we're still just in the beginning of 2023. But should broadly '23 be the high watermark for CapEx so we should see it step back down into '24? Can you just kind of give us a rough sense of trajectory there?
Yes. So there's 2 aspects that are driving obviously the CapEx. It's the strategic CapEx investment and then well as the maintenance level. So as we had indicated in the materials, our maintenance activity is getting up to this low 400 range after being below that for the last few years due to supply chain issues and things like that with COVID and all the disruptions. So we do think that that is probably a fair level. It could ebb and flow in different levels from one period to the next but it's probably a reasonable place to be. And then on the expansion side, we have our $630 million announced program We spent $190 million of that in 2022, should be around $300 million this year and then dropping off to the tail end of that $150 million based upon our best estimate of timelines now. So that would suggest that, that crests and goes forward. Of course, then we'll look at any opportunities going forward but that's what we have announced at this particular time.
Great. And maybe just 1 quick follow-on to that. As we just think about Slide 11 kind of your capital allocation priorities and a potential return to returning value to shareholders, kind of when should we think about -- I mean, if you hit everything you laid out today, you'll be under 3x by the end of this year. Just when do you think you'd want to start talking more about that or flushing that out more?
Yes. So I would say that the second bullet point there that is we're trying to work to this glide path to 2.5x leverage. And so I think the emphasis on return of value to shareholders will probably pick up as we get comfortable about our ability to hit that number. Obviously, the economic situation right now, the uncertainty, everything like that, we're trying to see where things will play out in particular the back half of the year and flow through from that. But I think once we get comfortable about our ability to knock that out in another year or 2, or a couple of years or something along those lines, I think then we'll be able to profile more the return to shareholders.
This is all the questions we have time for today. So I'll now hand back over to Chris for any closing remarks.
Okay. Thank you, everyone. This concludes our earnings call. Please note our first quarter conference call is scheduled for April 26. And remember, make it a memorable moment by choosing safe, sustainable glass. Thank you.
Thank you everyone for joining today's call. You may now disconnect your lines and have a lovely day.