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Greetings. Welcome to Shake Shack's First Quarter 2024 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] Please note this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to Michael Oriolo, Vice President of FP&A and Investor Relations. Thank you. You may begin.
Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Joining me for Shake Shack's conference call is our CEO, Randy Garutti; and CFO, Katie Fogertey. During today's call, we will discuss non-GAAP financial measures, which we believe can be useful in evaluating our performance. START The presentation of this additional information should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations to comparable GAAP measures are available in our earnings release and the financial detailed section of our shareholder letter.
Some of today's statements may be forward-looking, and actual results may differ materially due to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed in our annual report on Form 10-K filed on February 29, 2024. Any forward-looking statements represent our views only as of today, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements if our views change.
By now, you should have access to our first quarter 2024 shareholder letter which can be found at investor.shakeshack.com in the Quarterly Results section or as an exhibit to our 8-K for the quarter. I will now turn the call over to Randy.
Thanks, Mike, and good morning, everyone. As I wind down my time as CEO of Shake Shack, I want to begin by thanking our team for another solid quarter sustained execution of our strategic plan and for building the strong foundation of momentum for what's ahead. This was the 13th consecutive quarter of positive same-Shack sales, the seventh straight quarter of year-over-year restaurant level margin expansion and our highest first quarter restaurant margin since 2019.
We achieved a record level of Q1 adjusted EBITDA overall at $35.9 million, grew total revenue by 14.7% to $290.5 million with 1.6% growth in same-Shack sales and average weekly sales of 73,000, the trailing 12-month AUV across our Shacks at $3.9 million. We grew system-wide sales by 12.3% year-over-year to $443 million as we build Shacks across new and existing markets. And while we faced weather headwinds in January and throughout the quarter, our trends steadily improved with each month and into the second quarter, ending fiscal April at 4.9% same Shack sales with approximately flat traffic and further showing strong ongoing momentum into fiscal May to date as our sales and profitability initiatives take hold.
In the quarter, we continued to improve profitability increasing restaurant level profit margins to 19.5%, with expansion of 120 basis points year-over-year. We grew first quarter adjusted EBITDA by more than 30% year-over-year and improved our adjusted EBITDA margin by 150 basis points, growing from 10.9% last year to now 12.4%. We also continue to grow our footprint around the globe, opening 8 new Shacks in the first quarter for company operated for license, and we continue to expect approximately 80 Shack openings this year system-wide, roughly 15% unit growth, and we are building a robust pipeline of growth for the coming years.
Our license business grew sales by 8.1% year-over-year despite ongoing challenges in the Middle East and some of the macro pressures in China. It is an area of our business that is asset light and highly accretive to our bottom line and one where we're confident in the long-term opportunity to go deeper in existing markets as well as open new markets. And with our license partners, we opened 4 new Shacks so far in the second quarter and 8% year-to-date.
In our company-operated business, we opened 4 new Shacks in the quarter, including 2 new drive-throughs, adding our first in the Greater Chicago area and our first in Metro New York area in North Brunswick, New Jersey. These 2 sites represent the continued goal of unlocking our TAM as we utilize our multi-format strategy with drive-thru.
Today, we have the majority of the plants open or under construction as we look to open roughly 40 Shacks this year at an average build cost that's approximately 10% lower than last year's level. That said, it's important to remind you that this class of '24 will be heavily back-weighted with Q3 and Q4 openings. And for next year, we're setting ourselves up well with a solid pipeline into 2025 to grow openings and further lower build costs versus 2024.
I'd like to give an update now on how we're tracking on our 2024 strategic priorities. Our first prior this year delivering a consistently great guest experience with improved speed of service and standardization across all of our channels being paramount to hospitality this year. We're making solid progress on our goal to reduce wait times in our Shacks with more than half of our restaurants improving their ticket times by at least 15 seconds in the first quarter as compared to last year.
We're showing progress across all formats, including drive-thru with strong operational focus, Shack visits and assessments and enhanced training. In the coming months, we're rolling out new key tools to help us improve more on not just wait times, but also the total guest experience, including how we take orders and flow food through our kitchen.
We've also shown some early improvements in our guest satisfaction scores, both in Shack and in our digital channels, and we know that there's still ample opportunity to advance all these metrics, including order accuracy, which we believe will layer up to an even better guest perception and long-term frequency opportunity.
Our second priority, growing sales and strengthening our brand awareness. We're living in a competitive and often discount-based restaurant environment right now.
We're also growing in new markets where we have lesser brand awareness upon entering than we do in our core markets. We are materially stepping up our investments in marketing this year, in our Shacks and G&A to help drive brand awareness and frequency, and it's working. We have opportunities to continue to share our brand story to amplify the quality of our ingredients and to communicate what makes Shake Shack so special to so many audiences.
We'll continue to do this actively in a thoughtful way that focuses on strong returns. You'll see this play out in all of our channels, including an upcoming packaging evolution, in Shack designs and throughout our brand marketing. With steady increase in aided brand awareness in the quarter and saw continued strong returns on our advertising spend and performance marketing. These marketing initiatives have shown success in driving both new and existing guests to our omnichannel ecosystem.
Through creative brand campaigns, timely offers, promotions and focus on our best-in-class core menu as well as LTO launches. The team is deploying a lot of new tactics to maximize impressions, trial and frequency across initiatives all with an eye towards profitable sales growth. And we're also investing this year in building on the data and guest recognition capabilities to allow for more personalized marketing opportunities in the coming years and to drive more conversion and consideration.
We know we're just getting started on these increased marketing initiatives, and we're excited to ramp spend here looking ahead. We continue to drive excitement around our menu offerings with our limited time-only menu featuring the Korean Barbecue Burger, Korean Chicken Sandwich and our Korean fries. The Korean Chicken Sandwich was brought back after being a fan favorite in early '21, and we're excited to expand the menu to our burger offering this year, which has a strong performance and guest reception.
And we're looking forward now to our next round of summer LTOs as well. Our third priority is continue to build our wins from the last 2 years and make our restaurants even more profitable with a goal now to get to between 20.2% and 21% restaurant margins for this year, and Katie will walk through more of this, we're showing clear continued progress on improving the operations of our restaurant, and our flow-through today is among the highest levels we've delivered since 2019 despite high inflationary pressure.
Additionally, our teams are working on additional operational supply chain and cost to build opportunities to both build and protect our profitability while focusing on improving the guest experience. Our fourth priority this year making improvements on how we build and open our Shacks. We're pleased with the sales levels in our recent openings and believe last year's class was a high watermark in terms of cost to build as we make progress against our goal to bring down the build cost for the class of '24 by approximately 20% -- excuse me, 10%.
We've opened 8 Shacks year-to-date and have 19 currently under construction as we go to approximately 40 new company-operated Shack openings this year. We've generated solid wins here on lowering our build costs with structural redesigns including steel wood construction, improving the cost profile on exterior finishes and exhaust systems as well as making meaningful improvements in interior furniture kitchen equipment optimization as well as signage and other opportunities.
In total, we continue to improve the look and feel of our Shacks while being more efficient with our level of investment and we're building a strong pipeline for 2025 to grow unit openings at an even lower build cost than we expect to achieve in '24. And we're also showing strong progress on lowering our preopening costs by at least 10% this year, opening restaurants in a more reliable manner as we have seen fewer impacts from unanticipated delays and a stronger coordination across the company.
And finally, as you know, Shake Shack is a people-first business. Our people must always be our focus. We've made great strides to improve our turnover and increase retention. And this year, we're building on that strong foundation with strategies to support our great teams. Our team members are kind of at the core of how we execute our '24 strategic priorities, and we'll continue to benefit as team members stay with Shake Shack for longer. We're one of the fastest-growing publicly traded restaurant companies and we offer our team members meaningful opportunities for career growth including providing equity to our general managers and above. We're constantly working on strategies to elevate our people with greater training, development, communication and collaboration.
I'm really excited to see our strategic plan continue to drive the evolution of Shake Shack. With the string of continued improvements shining the light on our long-term opportunity for our team members and our stakeholders, I'm pleased to transition to my adviser role and hand the baton to our new CEO, Rob Lynch, I'll now hand it off to Katie to share more about the details of the quarter and expectations for the second quarter.
Great. Thank you, and good morning. We're off to a solid start to 2024 with another quarter of continued profitable growth. Relative to the first quarter of last year, we grew total revenue by 14.7%, expanded restaurant margins by 120 basis points and grew adjusted EBITDA by 30.2% to 12.4% of total revenue that's up 150 basis points versus last year. Our 2024 strategic priorities build on the tremendous success we showed last year and are designed to bring us continued improvements in our profitability and cash flow even against macro pressures and we're showing solid signs of strength so far this year.
And each month, we have improved sales. April got even better as we grew same-Shack sales by 4.9% with approximately flat traffic, and we carried our momentum into fiscal May. Now on to first quarter results. Total revenue was $290.5 million, up 14.7% versus last year, driven by strong performance in new Shack openings system-wide and positive same track sales despite weather impacts in the quarter. We grew system-wide sales by 12.3% to a record high of $443.3 million with a line of sight to approximately $2 billion of system-wide sales in 2024.
In license, we are pleased with our strong domestic performance and continue to face macroeconomic headwinds in the Middle East and China. We grew licensing sales by 8.1% year-over-year to $162.7 million and had a low single-digit sales headwind from foreign exchange in the quarter. We opened 4 licensed Shacks, growing the global license Shack out to 226.
We grew company-operated Shack sales by 14.9% year-over-year to $280.6 million, with 4 Shack openings and 1.6% year-over-year growth in same-Shack sales. Weather pressured our sales and comp in the quarter and our trends improved as weather pressures eased. We estimate that weather alone contributed to a sales loss of about $3 million, that's due to impacted mobility, closures and reduced hours. Traffic was down 2.1%, and excluding weather, we estimate traffic would have been approximately flat.
Even with the weather pressures though, we saw strong same-Shack sales and traffic trends across most of our Shacks in the quarter. We generated mid-single-digit positive traffic in the Southeast. And in Florida, specifically, we grew traffic by 9% year-over-year with mid-teens same-Shack sales growth. Same-Shack sales in our Northeast Shacks were also strong, up 4% year-over-year with high single-digit comps seen in Long Island and Boston.
New York City sales, however, were pressured by weather and infill. We are encouraged by the building momentum in our business year-to-date as we've worked past these heavier headwinds in there earlier in the year and saw broader impacts from successful marketing initiatives that carried us into April with 4.9% same-Shack sales growth and approximately flat traffic. First quarter check rose low single digits, supported by mid-single-digit menu price partially offset by marketing strategies that drove a negative low single-digit mix, our IPC was flat.
On pricing to address food and wage inflationary pressures, which were in particular in California, with the move to $20 per hour in minimum wage, we took the following steps: in January, we raised the menu price on our own delivery by 5% and maintained the 15% premium on third-party channels as compared to our own delivery. In mid-March, we raised menu prices by about 3% in total. However, this was comprised of about 7% menu price in California to address the wage pressures and about 2% to 2.5% price in all other regions.
That level of pricing is very consistent with historical pricing practices. And this netted to a mid-single-digit price in the quarter. We have no current plans to further increase price this year. We're going to be lapping about 2% price in mid-May and 1% in October. And importantly, while we expect the inflationary pressures in wages and food and paper to persist, we continue to leverage our operational efficiencies as a powerful tool to help protect our profitability and our value proposition for our guests.
We moved the needle more on kiosk in the quarter, which is now our largest order channel and are most profitable and an important tool for our operators to manage the order journey and focus on delivering a great guest experience. Average order values on kiosk or at least now a high teens percentage over traditional in check with recent digital enhancements to the user experience driving even stronger upsell.
Later this year, we're launching new way-finding and other optimization work to build on our success with this strategy. Restaurant level profit was $54.7 million or 19.5% of Shack sales. That's 120 basis points better versus last year as we benefited from higher sales from marketing strategies and improved operations in our Shacks. We had strong flow-through in our restaurants, which once again exceeded 2019 trends a testament to the success of our initiatives across both sales and operating costs in our Shacks.
And as we continue to build on our operational performance, we were able to look at sales-driving initiatives with a wider lens than before. Food and paper costs were $80.3 million or 28.6% of Shack sales, down 80 basis points versus last year and down 50 basis points versus last quarter as menu price and supply chain strategies helped to offset inflation, weather and other pressures. Net of our strategic actions, blended food and paper inflation rose low single digits year-over-year. Beef was up high single digits, and we had continued pressures in fries and buns.
Paper and packaging costs decreased low single digits year-over-year. Labor and related expenses were $81.5 million or 29.1% of Shack sales down 130 basis points versus last year despite making greater investments in our team members as we had the benefit of price as well as operational improvements such as better forecasting and labor scheduling and kiosk adoption. Turnover rates remained much better than last year, which is also helping our teams to be more efficient in our restaurants.
We're going to continue to lean on strategies to improve operations and support our profitability while keeping an eye on the value proposition to our guests. As an example, we've been testing a new labor model that allows us to be much more targeted in our staffing needs across our Shacks, adjusting for format menu and channel mix, including kiosks, to provide a great guest experience. The early test here have been encouraging, and we expect to roll it out to all of our Shacks by the end of the year.
Other operating expenses were $41.9 million or 14.9% of Shack sales up 60 basis points year-over-year as we invested more in Shack level marketing and other expenses to support our sales strategies. Occupancy and related expenses were $22.2 million or 7.9% of Shack sales up 30 basis points from last year's level. All in, we are very pleased with the level of margin improvement we delivered in the quarter as we continue to build back our profitability, which we know is vital for our long-term growth.
G&A was $35.9 million. Excluding $3.1 million in onetime adjustments, G&A was $32.8 million or 11.3% of total revenue that's 40 basis points favorable to last year and up 10.8% year-over-year compared to total revenue that grew 14.7% year-over-year. G&A, excluding advertising expenses and onetime adjustments was up high single-digit percent year-over-year as we continue to be disciplined in run rate spend and open additional funds for sales driving strategies and marketing.
Preopening costs were $2.8 million in the quarter, down 22.6% year-over-year with noncash rent making up over 40% of this line item. We opened 4 Shacks in the quarter versus 6 in the same quarter last year. We have targeted to reduce our preopening expenses per Shack by at least 10% this year, and we're on a strong path to achieve this goal with enhanced reporting and coordination with finance, development, operations and people resources. We see the greatest opportunity to improve on our labor expense and preopening and we're encouraged that our strategy is already showing material improvements on this line item.
So all in, despite unfavorable weather in the quarter, continued macroeconomic pressures to the consumer and inflation, our team's strong execution against our strategic plan was evident in the quarter as we grew adjusted EBITDA by more than 30% year-over-year to a first quarter record high of $35.9 million or 12.4% of total revenue. That's up 150 basis points from the prior year and the best first quarter adjusted EBITDA margin since 2019. Depreciation was $25.4 million, up 19.3% year-over-year.
We realized net income attributable to Shake Shack, Inc. of $2 million or $0.05 per diluted share. We reported an adjusted pro forma net income of $5.6 million or $0.13 per fully exchanged and diluted share. Our GAAP tax rate was 19%, and our adjusted pro forma tax rate, excluding the tax impact of equity-based compensation was 2.8%.
Finally, our balance sheet remains solid, with $284.8 million in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities at the end of the quarter. That's down $8.4 million versus the prior quarter as we grew operating cash flow by approximately 55% year-over-year and made investments in recent openings and the 27 Shacks that we've currently opened this year and that are under construction.
We're well on our way to execute against our target to open approximately 40 Shacks this year on the company-operated side. Now on to guidance, which reflects the degree of uncertainty around the consumer spending outlook and inflationary headwinds. This range does not reflect any additional unknown delays to our development schedule or any changes to the macro landscape beyond what we're already experiencing today.
For the second quarter, we guide total revenue of $308.9 million to $314.3 million. That's up 13.6% to 15.6% year-over-year with $10.9 million to $11.3 million of licensing revenue approximately 10 company-operated openings, 8 to 9 license openings, same-Shack sales to be up low single digits year-over-year with low single-digit price mix. We guided second quarter restaurant margins to be approximately 21.5% to 22%, with strength driven by operational improvements in menu price with blended food and paper expected to be flat to up low single digits.
Beef, which is an area which we do not contract and have a higher degree of uncertainty is expected to be up mid-single digits year-over-year. Our full year 2024 guidance calls for total revenue of approximately $1.22 billion to $1.25 billion, that's 12% to 15% year-over-year growth. same-Shack sales to grow by low single digits year-over-year. We're expecting license revenue to reach $45 million to $47 million, restaurant margins of 20.2% to 21%, a 30- to 110 basis improvement from 2023. Reflecting the expense from the CEO transition, our 2024 G&A guidance is $142 million to $146 million and equity-based compensation expense is approximately $20 million.
The G&A guidance excludes the $3.1 million in nonrecurring costs that are excluded from adjusted EBITDA year-to-date. Preopening of $17 million, depreciation of $100 million to $105 million and our adjusted pro forma tax rate, excluding the impact of equity-based compensation, we expect to be 20% to 23%. We -- our 2024 adjusted EBITDA guidance is $160 million to $170 million, representing approximately 21% to 29% growth year-over-year. That's nearly double our expected total revenue growth rate and representing a margin of 13.1% to 13.6%, at least 100 basis points higher than the prior year and the highest adjusted EBITDA margin since 2019.
Now before I pass it back to Randy for concluding remarks, I want to thank him for all that he's done to bring Shake Jack to where it is today to now more than 530 Shacks across the world generating more than $1.7 billion in system-wide sales over the past 12 months and our eye to $2 billion in system-wide sales this year. I know this is much bigger than you had ever dreamed it would be in the early beginnings of Shake Shack. So as a longtime New Yorker, I have marveled in the Shake Shack origin story, being one of our earliest fans and hanging out at the first and at the time, the only Shack in Madison Square Park. Waiting with friends in very, very long line standing for something really good and delicious, a cheese fries, a perfect Shack burger, the excitement around what [indiscernible] flavors will be on the menu that day like [indiscernible] the food and hospitality were always exceptional, and the menu brought me back to my fondest memories growing up in St. Louis.
Now fast forward to them being an analyst covering the stock and learning more about the business and the industry, I had such admiration for what you, Randy and Danny and the company that you have built, what makes this place truly special and unique in all the potential it has. And I found in the spreadsheets and the deep analysis, why what you've created truly set Shake Shack apart from the pack, and I was so excited about your long-term opportunity for growth.
Then coming on as CFO 3 years ago and working with a great team here that you have led, it's been such a privilege to be here and to continue to expand on this story under your leadership. And we've all grown a lot. And there are many ways in KPIs to measure that growth. But at the core of it all is our teams and the culture that you help seed here. In just 3 years, we have grown our Shack base by more than 60%. That's more than 200 Shack opening system-wide, we have more than doubled our trailing 12-month system-wide sales and grown our trailing 12-month adjusted EBITDA by over 8.5 fold.
We've also navigated some of the most challenging headwinds in the industry -- in the history of the restaurant sector. We've had a global pandemic, industry-wide staffing and supply chain pressures and inflation. And together, everyone here has made -- all made material improvements in the business that set us up well for an exciting future while still staying true to our roots and focusing on taking care of our teams and our guests.
Our commitment to providing a great opportunity for our people and serving guests within light and hospitality. That's what makes us all really proud to work here, and it's a true testament to your legacy and your enduring impact here. So I'm honored to be a part of your foundational chapter here at Shake Shack and to learn so much from you and wish you the very best in your next adventure.
Your impact here is seen not just in every Shack we have across the world or in our P&L or every great LTO. It's in all of the team members here that you have uplifted and inspire to be great leaders and the best versions of themselves. So I know that we can all hear at Shake Shack say, thank you, Randy, and cheers to an amazing 20-plus years.
Thank you, Katie. Chewing off script there. But Katie, you've been -- you're an incredible CFO. She's been an amazing partner to me and everybody in this company. So thank you to everybody on our team. I believe this call represents my 38th earnings call as CEO since we went public more than 9 years ago. And what this group of people has achieved is a rare and special accomplishment and it's exceeded all of our wildness ambitions. Through it all, it's always been about our team. My greatest joy and I hope our most significant impact has been to create a place where our people could get a start, could develop, could grow and give them a chance to do their life's best work while taking care of each other and our communities.
As I transition to an advisory role in the coming weeks, it's been a pleasure to get to know and welcome our new CEO, Rob Lynch. Rob has been spending a lot of time working with me to understand our history and how we've operated. We've been meeting with team members at every level, leaders across the company and learning so much of what makes us tick. This company is built upon a strong foundation, and we're ready to benefit from the next generation of leadership, and I have no doubt Rob will work with this extraordinary team to build the next set of strategies to take us to even higher heights and continue to drive Shake Shack forward.
Make no mistake, Shake Shack is something special, and this company's future is bright. I want to thank our guests, our communities, our suppliers and all of our shareholders through the years for having the confidence in me and our team along every step of this journey. And lastly and most important, thank you to every single member of this team, who's ever worked here, his hard work, creativity and love for this company has made all the difference.
It has been the honor of my career to lead you and to be led by you. Our people are the secret in the Shack Sauce and I trust that they always will be. With that, operator, we can go ahead and open the call for questions.
[Operator Instructions] Our first question is from Sharon Zackfia with William Blair.
Randy, I got a little teary eyed while that would be [indiscernible] We're all going to miss you. I guess I just wanted to clarify something about the kiosk lift. Did I hear correctly that you're seeing a high single-digit now versus I think it was high -- I'm sorry, high teens now versus what had been high single digit in the fourth quarter? And if so, kind of what what's helping drive that improvement?
And I know you've got a lot of other initiatives underway at the kiosk. So what are you seeing as you pilot some of the other initiatives? I guess I'm wondering how much more people are going to add on to their ticket with these kiosks.
Sharon, thanks for the question. So broadly with the kiosk strategy we have in place, we had talked about kind of at least a high single-digit lift and now we're seeing something kind of in the high teens. And really, it's been some exciting new interfaces that our digital marketing team has developed here to help guide the guests through that order experience and kind of focus more on the opportunity to trade up to a double, ad bake in some of the really great ways that our guests can customize their menu items that maybe are more intuitive at the cashier, we brought that over to the kiosk channel.
It's now really kind of on par with where we are on our web offering as well. So then if I look at where the opportunities are going forward, we want to continue to push the envelope and learn and see what we can do from a digital merchandising standpoint to help our guests better understand our LTOs or more premium items continue to drive addition to the cart. But then at the same time, the work that the team is doing in development and in marketing is around making sure that we have exactly optimized way finding for how guests come into our Shacks make sure that they very clearly see in every instance where that kiosk is. as we want to continue to drive adoption.
But just to bring it back, though, we are incredibly pleased with how the retrofit strategy on Kip has helped not just us deliver a great guest experience that's helped our team members manage their order journey within the Shacks, and I think it's helping our guests just to understand more about what our menu is and all of the great exciting offerings we have.
Our next question is from Lauren Silberman with Deutsche Bank.
And Randy my congrats as well. Great to see what you've built. I wanted to ask about the comp, great momentum in April into May. The rest of the industry is slowing with negative traffic. What do you see as the most meaningful drivers of relative outperformance? And are you guys seeing any differences across regions.
Yes. Thanks, Lauren. I appreciate that. I'd say broadly a few things. Look, we know the industry has traffic pressure. We're not immune to that, and there are certain places where we see that as well. I think what we've done, though, and we've talked a lot about this is -- we continue to employ more and more marketing, LTO menu and guest experience strategies that have really picked up. So January was the low point, as we talked about, kind of flat. But with each successive month, we got better comp got better, April, even better and sustaining so far into May, we feel really good about that.
And we've just done a lot of fun brand campaigns. If you look at our Chicken Sundays campaign is particularly impactful in the month of April. We've done some cool promos. We've done a lot more day parting opportunities to drive people -- and I think there's just kind of a -- those strategies are the ones that are offsetting what is no question, a little bit more of a pressure in the industry right now. So feel really proud of the entire team for how we've been reacting and driving, and it feels good for the momentum.
We also have a little bit of an easier compare in second quarter and moving on in third quarter as well. The first quarter, we had a tough compare. We were over 10% comp last year. So that was some of the pressure on a 2-year basis. But we feel good about how that's been going. So momentum feels really solid in the company right now. So lots of good work.
Our next question is from Brian Vaccaro with Raymond James.
Congrats on all your success and what you've grown the business to Randy over the years. So on labor, can I just ask a question there. You saw some very strong leverage in that line. And I think you said you're rolling Phase 2 changes through the year. Could you just elaborate on the changes that you're making there? And maybe how the savings on Phase 2 compare to Phase I -- and did you embed? And I guess, how much did you embed on Phase 2 savings within your annual store margin guidance?
Great, Brian. Thanks for the question. So first of all, on labor, we did show some pretty good leverage on that line in the quarter. And a lot of that, though, just to remind everybody, in 4Q 2022, we had about 22 new Shack openings. And really, that carried into the first quarter of 2023. And as you know, when we open up a new Shack, it takes a while for that Shack to work its way to kind of full profitability levels.
We just had a very heavy weighted opening schedule in the fourth quarter that kind of had a hangover in the first quarter. Also, last year, we talked about the rollout of kind of improved forecasting and working closely with our operators and some strategies there to help bring in labor and kind of optimize for the current model that we have in place. And that really took hold kind of at the very end of the first quarter into the second quarter and going forward last year.
So I think that's a lot of what you're seeing on that side. Now as far as the new labor model that we're running here and we're testing -- just as a reminder, what this does is it really helps us to optimize for the different menu mix, the different channel mix and the different daypart peaks across all of our restaurants in the system to kind of provide a more bespoke tailored recommendation for deployment.
And we started testing that really at the end of last year into this year in a handful of Shacks. You're not really seeing it in the numbers. It hasn't been -- it didn't really like move the needle on first quarter just given the overall size of the base there. But we're really pleased with the results that we saw from the test. We're taking a step further. And we've committed to rolling it out to all of the Shacks company-operated Shacks by the end of the year. we haven't embedded any of that in guidance at this point, and we'll continue to update you as that rolls out through the rest of the year.
Our next question is from Brian Mullan with Piper Sandler.
I just want to echo, Randy, congrats on everything you've accomplished with the brand. It's an amazing story. I wish you the best. Just question on the advertising opportunity. The letter references an idea you need to learn and grow into a larger marketing budget over time. I thought that was interesting. My question is just on the organizational side, do you feel like you have the full team in place to take advantage the size of this opportunity over the long term? Or maybe are there some hires or talent additions you want to make from here. And I know the incoming CEO has a marketing background that would be helpful. But I kind of mean once it gets there over the long term. Any assessment?
Look, I think there are -- as we've said now for a little while, we've really been a brand that has done most of our work for 20 years on just being a great brand, and we've spent little to know advertising over those years, and it's new for us to be ramping up. We're super excited about the current marketing team at every level and how they're interacting with the entire company to drive some really cool new things and you're seeing that progress happen this last year.
And we fully expect to continue to double down on that. Now listen, I think Rob Lynch be coming in has certainly got a strong background in marketing. I think the company is really excited to benefit from how he's thought about that, and I won't -- certainly won't speak for him, but I have no doubt he's going to have a keen eye for the best opportunities, and our team does these things with discipline, with a focus on strong returns and being accretive to our margins.
So everything you've seen in this last 6 months is increasing our brand awareness. It's increasing kind of our brand health and it's stuff that -- it's also part of our strategy gets in a little bit off topic here, but on real estate of going deeper into certain markets. We've increased -- let's just take 1 market like Texas. We've increased our footprint in Texas by more than 30% in the last year. That helps with brand awareness. That helps when we do marketing that helps whenever we want to execute anything in a single region. So super excited about the opportunities that we can employ from here.
Our next question is from Michael Thomas with Oppenheimer & Company.
Randy, congrats on your success with Shack, and I hope you get to enjoy some more free time going forward. One of the questions we've heard most often recently is about the margin path going forward. Obviously, I understand I'm asking to speak for Rob a little bit here, but his background with much larger companies that have greater scale and bigger budgets than Shake Shack does. And obviously, that can be a benefit, as you just mentioned before.
But how is the company including thinking about the need for potential investments or different sales strategies beyond this year that might limit margins beyond '24? I know there's no formal guidance beyond this year, but just any qualitative going there would be helpful.
Yes. Look, to be fair to Rob and the team moving forward, I don't think we want to give any guidance other than what we've done today. I think everybody here has seen -- look, we've -- this has been a strong company for decades. We have sustained. And we talked about that today on purpose to say many, many quarters in a row, sustained improvement in our margins, along with our sales, along with our cash flow as a company.
All of that is just in the right direction with strength. I fully expect Bob is going to get in and decide how he wants to take it. But I think we've got a great team that has a firm strategic plan for '24 and already eyes on the strong pipeline for 25. So everything you've heard us do is you've seen a strong guide and ticking that up and that the guidance we've given this year, we remain 1 of the best and most profitable restaurant companies in the space. So we're really proud of where we're at.
Our next question is from Peter Saleh with BTIG.
Great. Thanks, Randy. It's been a pleasure working with you, and best of luck to you in the future. I did want to ask about the kiosk commentary real quick. The high-teens increase and yes, it was pretty substantial versus last quarter. Do you think that, that is the endpoint? Or do you think there's more upside to the check growth going forward?
I guess, is there more growth within the kiosk here? And then also, can you put that in the context of the negative low single digit, if I had that correct menu mix? Just trying to understand how you can have such a large increase in the kiosk tech and still see some of that menu mix decline?
So first of all, on kiosk, we still believe we're in the early stages of what kiosk can do to our business. And certainly, the first step of retrofitting all of our Shack kiosk making sure that they're available for our cast that was key foundational thing for last year. And now really, what we're doing is leveraging the talent on our digital merchandising team to optimize for how the guest goes through that order journey.
A key thing here is what you're pointing out with mix trends, what we had in the quarter, yes, well, we're continuing to see some great benefits from the kiosk upsell opportunity. and IPC was flat overall the company, we took some targeted opportunities marketing, which did have a little bit of a mix headwind, however, had a positive traffic benefit on the back of it and really grew sales, and we did this in a way that grew our profitability.
And so we talked about that last quarter kind of being embedded in the guide. And when we talk about our guidance for a low single-digit check this year, we anticipate to have more of that going forward. But overall, both things, we're really excited by what they were producing here for both our top line and our profitability.
Our next question is from Sara Senatore with Bank of America.
I have a clarification and a question. So hopefully, that counts as one. But first, obviously, also congratulations, Randy, on your next steps. I wanted to ask about the April. The clarification is -- so I'm trying to understand the sequential acceleration. I know you talked about easier compares, although April, I think, was a pretty tough compare as of 2Q. But you have, I think, more price than you did in the first quarter, is my understanding, and you have less negative mix.
I'm trying to understand that the delta is because you said flattish traffic. So I'm trying to understand where the delta is if you're seeing less of a negative mix. or if it's just the improvement or the higher pricing that you have in the quarter. So that's a clarification. And then just on the margins, obviously, very good food and labor. I was wondering about the third line item and just sort of perhaps the opportunities you have there. in other OpEx. It's not something that I think has been talked about too much. I know there's probably some of that drag from new stores, but anything you can say there?
Sure. So I'll take the other OpEx point first, and then we'll go back to your question on April. So on other OpEx, we are -- we've talked about this. We are investing more in marketing, both at our store level and also at the company G&A level and that is kind of where the sales driving strategies, a lot of those costs are borne in our restaurant P&L. And our guidance reflects our expectations for that strategy going forward.
Again, I think to emphasize that while we're investing more in marketing right now to learn and grow and we're excited about the sales that we're driving on the back of it. We're also doing this in a margin-accretive way. So you might see a little bit of a tick up on that other OpEx line. But overall, the sales are accretive to our profitability. And then on your question on April, overall, what I would say is we had some improvements in traffic. We were running at about kind of a 7% to 8% price. As you recall, we're going to be working off of about 2% price in May, so that will come down.
And then we had a couple of really exciting marketing initiatives in April, in particular, the Chicken Sunday where we have offered a free chicken shack with a $10 minimum spend every Sunday. So that had a little bit of an impact on our mix, but nothing too out of the ordinary versus what we've been seeing.
Our next question is from Jake Bartlett with Truist Securities.
My congrats to you, Randy, as well. It's been great working with you. My question is on the margin guidance for '24. And it's nice to -- obviously, you've seen improvement and that's encouraging. My question is, is that it seems a little conservative. I mean my math is that pricing is going to be about mid-single digits since you said low single digits, labor inflation, flat to low single digits, food costs, that alone should get us, I think, to the high end of your guidance.
You also have the impact of kiosks. Other labor scheduling that you've done over the last year that's been an improvement. So what am I missing anything? Or is there a level of conservatism kind of built into this guidance?
Yes. So I think you've outlined a lot of the key points there for the fiscal 2024 guide. On kind of the top and the bottom end range there. Look, we were very clear about this kind of in our remarks and also in the shareholder letter. Beef remains a big uncertainty, and we are watching it through the rest of this year and that that's an area of the basket that we do not contract and we're not locked in there.
We're going to be kind of subject to what the macro does on that side? And then just depending on fees that we're having around our marketing strategies to offset what Randy had alluded to is clearly a softening of the overall backdrop. So those are the things that I would look at on that side.
I will say that we're incredibly proud of the work that our teams have been doing to get after all of the improvements that we've been talking about across our total cost of serve across our supply chain, all the things we've talked about in our restaurants with labor in other ways that we're still providing a great guest experience but doing it in a way that is translating to the strongest flow-through that we've had even pre-COVID.
So we're excited about where we're headed and the guidance today is for 20.2% to 21%. That is a 30 to 110 basis point improvement versus last year.
Our next question is from Andrew Charles with Cowen and Company.
Randy, congrats on building the Shake Shack brand to what it is today and best wishes on your next chapter. It's no secret that we're going to see intensified burger value activity in the coming months. And I'm curious if you believe your digital value tactics that you've utilized so far in 2024 around Chicken Sundays, sweet fry Friday, the [indiscernible] shoulder periods, et cetera, are enough? Or do you believe more is needed to protect traffic amongst lower income consumers?
Yes, it's a great question. There's no question we're living in. Whether it's us or the largest online companies who are all consumer who's seeking value, a consumer who's seeking discounts in a lot of cases, promotions. You've seen a lot in our industry Shake Shack needs to continue to retain its premium brand position. This is what has set us apart from the beginning, our ingredients, our hospitality, our designs.
Everything about the Shake Shack experience transcends the traditional fast food further experience. We're going to continue to do that. And if everything we've done has hit those lines. So when you see us doing things, they're almost entirely added value. We want to give you something extra, we want you to feel the value. We want you to understand the quality of what you're doing. So when we do things like our Chicken Sundays, that hits our channels. It hits our interior shot, you can come in and use those.
So it's not just digital. It's omnichannel, truly in Shack in our kiosks in check, app, web and delivery. And I think the strategy of the team is just beginning to employ have been so our learning is just so fast, furious and fun. I mean we're really enjoying the process of opening up these budgets a little bit, trying some more things to see what hits in our guests. See what hits regionally. Sometimes something hits very different in New York than it does in California or Texas, and we're learning all that.
And I think as you build an engine that's based in the data that we now have as we're growing over these years, we can take greater insights into our strategies. And that's really the foundation that the team has been working on to build. So we're super excited. We have a lot more arrows in our quiver as we move forward regardless against whatever the economic opportunities are going to be.
And you've seen that. You've seen that in the trend of continuing sales growth every month getting better so far this year.
Our next question is from David Tarantino with Baird.
Randy, congrats from me as well on a fantastic career at Shake Shack. So I wanted to kind of follow up on your commentary, Randy, since you've been sort of the inventor of this very premium brand and successful brand. And I wanted to ask, a lot of the advertising has been focused on promotional activity, and that's certainly understandable in this environment.
But I wanted to get your perspective on how you're balancing the offers that you're making with the need to protect the premium nature the brand positioning. And specifically, how you're monitoring whether some of the things you're doing or having an influence on consumer perceptions and that related to the brand.
Yes. Those are great questions. It's something we think a lot about. I think the strength of the Shack brand and its ability that we just have always punched so far above our weight. That's been a strength for us. But as I've said in previous calls, what's also fascinating as we've grown pretty far, pretty fast globally and around this country is there's still a lot of people who don't really know Shake Shack. So we start everything with the education of who we are.
Our brand pillars are really about helping people understand the quality of our ingredients that we're cooking to order that we're spinning our shakes fresh by hand. These things are paramount. Then what we do as we think about whether it's a promo or afternoon, shake opportunity or sometimes we'll do free Fridays, whatever these things are, they're all based in added value. They're all based on ensuring that we continue to keep that brand position. I don't expect you're going to see us do a dollar menu type of promo. That's just never been Shake Shacks thing.
We certainly understand there's a great place for traditional fast food, and we may not get those consumers as often as traditional fast food does at that price point. But we feel like our value is strong and everything you're going to see and have seen from us is about continuing to help people understand, hey, when you choose to eat a burger, chicken sandwich or have a shake, you should choose Shake Shack and here's why. And that's what we've done and so what I expect we'll continue to do.
Our next question is from Andy Barish with Jefferies.
Yes. Randy, it's always nice to see a Jersey boy do well. So congrats on, just Katie, quick clarification, and sorry if I missed it. Just on the 2Q same-store sales guide of low single digits, and you're starting out mid-single digits. Can you give us kind of a little color about sort of why it doesn't continue in that range?
Sure. So in May, we're going to be rolling off about 2% price. We're expecting our trends to kind of to be solid, but rolling off price and just normal seasonality, what gets us to our guidance for a low single-digit comp in the second quarter.
Our next question is from Jeff Farmer with Gordon Haskett.
Great. Congratulations to Randy. Definitely looking forward to seeing what you pursue next. What I did want to touch on was the consumer backdrop. So my question for you guys is, do you see the consumer demand headwinds stabilizing or sort of further building further intensifying in coming quarters? So that's the first part of it? And how is that demand backdrop impacted Shake Shack.
Yes. Look, it's hard to say where it's going to go from here. I think what we've said has been consistent with what we've said for probably about a year. You definitely see some of that consumer pressure. We've said and shared we see this today, some of our lower income consumer probably trading down from time to time.
We may lose a little bit of that. We may lose some of the middle-distance consumer in some of our urban centers. We've talked about that a little bit. But generally, those trends have remained similar for about a year right now, and we kind of expect those to be where they're at for now. So how that impacts us is, as we've driven traffic through other strategies and through building great restaurants in great places.
And continuing to build our brand. And that's what you've heard us consistently say, and that's what we've done against that backdrop, and it's been successful for us.
Our next question is from Jeffrey Bernstein with Barclays.
This is Pratik on for Jeff. And I'd ask the same congrats, Randy, on all you've achieved. It's been great partnering with you, and I wish you the best of luck. My question is on store level margins. This year, you're going to get back to the low 20%, and that's relative to your long-term framework of [ 18% to 20% ] just do you see an opportunity to expand margins materially higher from here on out, especially with all the great work you're doing with operational efficiency and taking cost out of the model or -- is that really kind of offset by more muted AUV growth going forward and just a higher cost environment that makes return to former peak [indiscernible] .
Great. Thanks for the question. We're not providing any outlook here beyond our guidance for 2024. But what I will say is that the team has continuously delivered profitable growth here. We have been steadily improving our margin every quarter and certainly, our guidance for this year calls for another year of restaurant margin expansion.
Look, we have a number of pressures that are not too unique to us. We have wage inflationary pressures. Supply chain remains broadly inflationary if you take out kind of the benefits that we're seeing here from the work that our team is doing on strategic cost savings. So that's kind of how I would view the opportunities here. And we're really proud and excited by the work that our team has been doing to address opportunities in total cost to serve as we get denser in markets as we kind of grow our footprint we're able to leverage more suppliers.
We're able to optimize freight. We're able to do things that guests really doesn't see the impact of, but it does help us be more efficient in running our restaurants -- on the labor side, too, it's been a combination of several things, both things that we've done internally to help improve turnover trends and keep our team members for longer. It just helps them be more efficient as well as all of the work that the finance team and operations have done to partner together and really be much tighter on how we're operating our restaurants.
And then if I look forward to kind of the next level here with having even just a more bespoke and optimized scheduling tool for our operators, I think that, that continues to provide a great opportunity for us to navigate inflationary pressures in a way that allows us to also kind of maintain the value for our guests. So no long-term guidance, but that's the overall framework that we think about here at Shake Shack.
Our next question is from James Sanderson with Northcoast Research.
Question Randy, congratulations on all your accomplishments over the years at Shake Shack. I wanted to talk a little bit about unit growth and unit development. On the international front, I'm wondering how confident you are that the brand can sustain the 40 units that you've achieved this year. given the macroeconomic headwinds and the geopolitical issues we're seeing overseas? And then in the U.S., if you're leaning into any specific regions or states that you believe really are a much better fit for the Shake Shack brand than maybe in the past years.
Jim, thanks. Two great questions there. Internationally, we feel very strong about the 40 Shack guide. Look, it's a big world out there. Let's remember, too, we've had amazing success in so many places that we've gone. So yes, we acknowledge and a lot there's pressures in certain parts of China right now. Generally, our Asia business has done quite well.
But we're also focused on our domestic license business here in the U.S. Our airports, we're growing a lot of our road sides, which have been a really good new model for us, stadiums and other opportunities that we feel nontraditional opportunities. We've done some museums, things like that, where we think there's really exciting opportunity. We haven't even hit Western Europe at all other than the U.K. We haven't even really hit anything. We have not hit anything south of Mexico.
The opportunities for us are really strong, and that is such a critical and important part of our business. And I think undervalued, underappreciated. So it's something I definitely keep an eye on as we go. We really appreciate that part of the business. And then in terms of the domestic opportunities, we really want to balance it out. We want to go deeper in our current markets. You're going to continue to see us do things in the major markets that we're in, the Northeast, Texas, California, the Midwest.
We're going to do a few new markets this year, but they're not too far afield, Pittsburgh is going to be our next big market opening. And by the way, just to jump back to international, we're opening in Canada later this year for our first one. That's a tremendous opportunity for us. So I think at 300 roughly domestic company operated and just over a couple of hundred internationally and licensed like, there's a big opportunity for this company in our growth.
Our next question is from Rahul Krotthapalli with JPMorgan.
Randy, wish you the best going forward, and I'll keep up with your social media update here. Broader industry. Can you talk about the state and pace of competition growth out there? And how do you think the landscape is changing. There are a lot of new upcoming concepts with national aspiration and also competing locally as well. I appreciate your thoughts here. However, you would like to describe on a regional basis or urban versus suburban basis?
Nice, listen, I think there's always going to be great competition. We didn't invent the cheeseburger and we won't be the last people to create a great one. We've always fit ourselves into a very special place though that sits well above traditional fast food and our quality and our experience and below casual dining. And I think that's been a good home for us. I expect that's where we'll continue to go.
But that does require us to continually reinvent we got to get better. We got to have better products, have exciting LTOs, have exciting menu evolution over the years, and I think we've done that. So when you really think about our ability to compete we're watching and we're learning. There's lots of great restaurants out there that we certainly compete with and we think at our best when Shake Shack does, what Shake Shack is built to do, we can be a winner in a lot of places. That's what we've shown for 20 years now.
Thank you. We have reached the end of our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to management for closing comments.
I'll just close it out and if anyone's still listening. Just a lot of people said some very nice things to me, but I hope everybody goes into a Shake Shack and says those nice things to the employee who's working hard day after day. To be a team member of this restaurant and make it what it is because it's certainly been them that has made this all happen. So thanks, everybody, and we look forward to seeing you for Shack Burger soon.
Thank you. This will conclude today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and thank you for your participation.