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Okay. Good morning, and welcome to DBS' Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results Briefing. This morning, we announced yet another record quarter with net profit up 48% to SGD 2.69 billion, return on equity reached 19.2%.
To give us more details, we have our CEO, Piyush Gupta; as well as our CFO, Chng Sok Hui. Without further ado, Sok Hui, please.
Thanks, Edna. Hello. Good morning, everyone. We achieved another record performance in the second quarter and first half with total income, net profit and ROE at new quarterly and half year highs. For the second quarter, net profit increased 48% from a year ago to SGD 2.69 billion, while ROE rose to 19.2%. Total income grew 35% to exceed SGD 5 billion for the first time. Commercial book net interest margin increased 96 basis points, including 12 basis points during the quarter. Fee income rose 7%, the first year-on-year increase in 6 quarters, led by Wealth Management and cards. Treasury customer and other income rose 21%. The stronger commercial book performance was partially offset by a 34% decline in Treasury Markets trading income due to higher funding costs. The cost-to-income ratio improved 6 percentage points to 38%, unchanged from the previous quarter. For the first half, net profit rose 45% to SGD 5.26 billion with ROE at 18.9%. Total income grew 34% to SGD 10 billion as increases in commercial book net interest margin, card fees as well as treasury customer and other income were moderated by lower Treasury Markets income. Expenses of SGD 3.81 billion was 15% higher than a year ago and stable from the previous half. Asset quality continued to be resilient. The NPL ratio was unchanged from the previous quarter at 1.1% as new nonperforming asset formation remained low and was offset by repayments and write-offs. Second quarter specific allowances were 10 basis points of loans, bringing the first half to 8 basis points. Allowance coverage was high at 127% and at 224% after considering collateral. Liquidity was ample with both the LCR and NSFR comfortably above regulatory requirements. Capital remained healthy with CET1 at 14.1%. The Board declared a dividend of SGD 0.48 for the second quarter, an increase of SGD 0.06 from the previous payout. This brings the first half dividend to SGD 0.90 per share.
Slide 3. Compared to a year ago, second quarter commercial book total income increased 40% to SGD 4.87 billion. The growth was broad-based. Net interest income rose 54% or SGD 1.26 billion to SGD 3.58 billion. Net interest margin increased 96 basis points to 2.81% from higher interest rates. Loan and deposit volumes were generally a little changed in constant currency terms, both from a year ago and over the first half. Net fee income grew 7% or SGD 55 million to SGD 823 million. Double-digit increases in Wealth Management, cards and loan-related fees were moderated by a decline in transaction service fees due to lower trade finance activities. Treasury customer sales and other income increased 21% or SGD 82 million to SGD 464 million. The increase in commercial book total income was partially offset by 34% or SGD 93 million decline in Treasury Markets trading income to SGD 177 million due to higher funding costs. Expenses were 16% or SGD 273 million higher at SGD 1.93 billion. With total income growing 35%, there was a positive draw of 19 percentage points, which resulted in a 6 percentage point improvement in the cost-to-income ratio to 38%. Specific allowances amounted to SGD 114 million or 10 basis points of loans, which was SGD 45 million higher than the SGD 69 million or 8 basis points a year ago. There was a general allowance write back of SGD 42 million compared to a write-back of SGD 23 million a year ago. Integration costs of SGD 60 million for Citi Taiwan were accrued during the quarter as a onetime item. Including the charge, net profit was SGD 2.63 billion.
Slide 4. Compared to the previous quarter, second quarter net profit was 5% higher as total income rose 2%. Commercial book total income grew 4%. The increase was due to a 6% or SGD 197 million increase in net interest income as net interest margin rose 12 basis points. Loans fell 1% in constant currency terms from a decline in trade loans, while deposits fell 3% as cash outflows were not replaced by fixed deposits. Noninterest income was stable. Net fee income fell 3% or SGD 28 million as higher Wealth Management fees and card fees were offset by decline in other activities. Treasury customer sales and other income was 7% or SGD 32 million higher. Expenses were in line with the previous quarter. Specific allowances of SGD 114 million or 10 basis points were SGD 52 million higher than the SGD 62 million or 6 basis points in the previous quarter. The general allowance write back of SGD 42 million during the quarter compared to a charge of SGD 99 million in the previous quarter.
Slide 5. For the first half, commercial book total income rose 42% to SGD 9.54 billion from broad-based growth. Net interest income grew 61% or SGD 2.64 billion to SGD 6.97 billion as net interest margin improved 100 basis points to 2.75%. Net fee income was 1% or SGD 15 million higher at SGD 1.67 billion with a 4% year-on-year decline in the first quarter, offset by a 7% increase in the second quarter. Wealth Management fees was stable as the decline in the first quarter was offset by an increase in the second quarter. Card fees and loan related fees were higher, which were offset by lower transaction service fees due to trade finance.
Treasury customer and other income rose 22% or SGD 160 million to SGD 896 million. Treasury customer sales income reached a record. Expenses rose 15% or SGD 511 million to SGD 3.81 billion. A significant part of the increase was due to headcount growth in second half 2022 compared to the previous half year expenses were stable. Specific allowances of SGD 176 million or 8 basis points of loans was SGD 60 million lower than the SGD 236 million or 11 basis points a year ago. General allowances of SGD 57 million were taken compared to a write-back of SGD 135 million a year ago. Slide 6. Commercial book net interest margin expanded 12 basis points to 2.81% during the second quarter as asset repricing continued to outpace rising deposit costs. As a result, commercial book net interest income rose 6% from the previous quarter to SGD 3.58 billion. Compared to a year ago, commercial book net interest income rose 54% as net interest margin increased 96 basis points. Treasury Markets negative net interest income widened to SGD 148 million from negative SGD 113 million in the previous quarter as funding costs further roles. Combining the commercial book and Treasury Markets, the group's net interest income grew 5% to SGD 3.43 billion and net interest margin rose 4 basis points to 2.16%. Compared to a year ago, net interest income was 40% higher, while net interest margin rose 58 basis points. For the first half, commercial book net interest income increased 61% to SGD 6.95 billion from a 100 basis point improvement in net interest margin to 2.75%. The group's total net interest income was 44% higher at SGD 6.70 billion as net interest margin rose 62 basis points to 2.14%.
Slide 7. Gross loans declined 1% or SGD 5 billion in constant currency terms during the quarter to SGD 422 billion, most of the decline was due to a SGD 4 billion contraction in trade loans as maturing exposures were not replaced due to a general market slowdown and unattractive pricing. Non-trade corporate loans fell slightly by SGD 1 billion as a steep rise in HIBOR and depreciation of the RMB accelerated repayments in Hong Kong, offsetting gains in other regions. Housing loans and Wealth Management loans were little changed. Over the first 6 months, loans were stable as non-trade corporate loans growth of SGD 3 billion was offset by the contraction in trade loans.
Slide 8. Deposits fell 3% or SGD 14 billion in constant currency terms during the quarter to SGD 520 billion. CASA deposits declined as customers switched to higher-yielding instruments. The pace of CASA decline has slowed considerably from a peak of SGD 32 billion in third quarter 2022 to SGD 10 billion in the last quarter. Fixed deposits were stable given the bank's strong liquidity position. LCR was at 146% and NSFR at 116%, well above regulatory requirements. Slide 9, fee income. Second quarter gross fee income of SGD 999 million was higher from a year ago, the first year-on-year increase in 6 quarters. Wealth Management fees rose 12% to SGD 377 million from higher bancassurance and investment product sales. Card fees increased by 17% to SGD 237 million from higher spending, including for travel. Loan-related fees was 17% higher at SGD 133 million. Offsetting these increases was a 5% decline in transaction service fees to SGD 221 million due to lower trade finance activities. Investment banking was stable at SGD 31 million. For the first half, gross fee income was also higher than a year ago from cards and loan-related fees. Slide 10. First half expenses rose 15% from a year ago to SGD 3.81 billion. Contributing to the increase were the base effect of headcount growth in second half 2022. As such, first half expenses were stable compared to SGD 3.79 billion in the previous half. For both the first half and second quarter, cost-to-income ratio improved 6 percentage points from a year ago to 38%.
Slide 11. CBG performance. CBG's first half profit before allowances doubled from a year ago to a new high of SGD 2.22 billion as total income grew 48% to SGD 4.27 billion. Loan and deposit income increased 91% to SGD 2.86 billion, driven mainly by a higher net interest margin. Investment product income rose 8% to SGD 1.05 billion from higher sales of investment and bancassurance products. Card income was 16% lower at SGD 313 million as higher card fees were more than offset by a lower net interest margin on outstanding balances. Assets under management increased 9% from a year ago to SGD 320 billion, with investments and deposits contributing equally to the increase. We had SGD 6 billion of net new money flows in the second quarter, bringing the amount to SGD 12 billion for the first 6 months. Same dollar savings deposits fell in line with the market. Our market share has been stable over the past 12 months and is currently at 54%. Our share for Singapore housing loans has also been stable at 29%. Total CBG deposits were stable at SGD 278 billion as the savings deposit decline was offset by fixed deposit growth.
Slide 12, IBG. Institutional Banking's first half total income rose 38% from a year ago to a new high of SGD 4.69 billion. The growth was driven by cash management, which tripled to SGD 2.13 billion due to higher interest rates. Cash management deposits fell 6% to SGD 187 billion as higher cost deposits were managed out. The increase in cash management income was partially offset by an 11% decline in trade income to SGD 345 million. Trade loans contracted amidst a general market slowdown and as maturing exposures were not replaced due to unattractive pricing. Trade finance fees also fell with reduced activity. Other product categories were generally a little changed. Slide 13. Treasury and Markets. For the first half, treasury customer income rose 11% to a record SGD 935 million, bolstered by higher sales to CBG customers as market sentiment improved, while IBG sales remained robust at year ago levels. Treasury Markets trading income was 36% lower at SGD 446 million, reflecting a high year ago base in the first quarter and the impact of higher funding costs. The decline was led by lower income from interest rate activities as spreads compressed. Slide 14, Hong Kong. Hong Kong's first half net profit rose 39% in constant currency terms to SGD 808 million as total income increased 25% to SGD 1.57 billion. Net interest income grew 43% to SGD 1.04 billion as a 61 basis point improvement in net interest margin to 1.79%, more than offsets the impact of lower loan and deposit volumes. The NIM expansion was driven by HIBOR increasing over 100 basis points during the second quarter. However, loan declined 13% from a year ago, impacted by a slowdown in trade, high interest rates and a widened [ rates ] differential with China.
Deposits fell 14% in tandem with loans. Noninterest income was little changed. Net fee income was stable at SGD 350 million as higher income from Wealth Management product sales was offset by lower contributions from loan-related and trade finance activities. Other noninterest income fell 3% to SGD 189 million due to lower treasury customer sales and trading gains. Expenses rose 9% to SGD 573 million led by higher staff costs. The cost-to-income ratio improved from 42% to 36%. Total allowances rose SGD 2 million from a year ago to SGD 45 million as higher specific allowances were partially offset by a larger general allowance write-back.
Slide 15, asset quality. Asset quality continued to be resilient. The NPL ratio was unchanged from the previous quarter at 1.1%, while nonperforming assets were stable at SGD 4.99 billion. New NPA formation remained low and was offset by repayments and write-offs during the quarter. Over the first 6 months, nonperforming assets were 3% lower.
Slide 16. Specific provisions. Second quarter specific provisions remained low at SGD 116 million or 10 basis points of loans. First half specific allowances amounted to SGD 178 million or 8 basis points of loans, 24% lower than the SGD 235 million or 11 basis points a year ago.
Slide 17, allowance coverage. There was a general allowance write back of SGD 42 million in the second quarter due to transfers to nonperforming assets and credit upgrades. This brought general allowance charges to SGD 57 million for the first half. Total allowance reserves stood at SGD 6.33 billion, with SGD 2.53 billion in specific allowance reserves and SGD 3.80 billion in general allowance reserves. Allowance coverage was at 127% and at 224% after considering collateral.
Slide 18, CAR ratio. The CET1 ratio was at 14.1% per recent guidance. The leverage ratio of 6.5% was more than twice the regulatory minimum of 3%.
Slide 19. At our Investor Day in May 2023, we said that baseline annual dividend step-up would be sustained at SGD 0.24 per year barring unforeseen circumstances. We also guided that there was further upside of SGD 3 billion or SGD 1.20 over and above the SGD 0.24 per year increase, and this could be in further ordinary dividend step up, special dividend or buyback. The pace of distribution would be dependent on business conditions and macroeconomic outlook. Consistent with this guidance and given the strong earnings prospects for the rest of the year, the Board declared a dividend of SGD 0.48 per share for the second quarter. The dividend is SGD 0.06 higher than the previous payout. This brings the first half dividend to SGD 0.90 per share. Based on a quarterly dividend of SGD 0.48 per share, the annualized dividend would be SGD 1.92 per share, and based on yesterday's closing share price, the dividend yield would be 5.7%. Slide 21, in summary. In summary, we achieved another record performance in the second quarter and the first half. Total income, net profit and ROE were at new quarterly and half yearly highs. The commercial book benefited from higher interest rates and broad-based growth in noninterest income, which was moderated by higher funding costs for Treasury Markets trading activities. While there is some uncertainty, our prospects for the year -- for the rest of the year are anchored on the franchise with a proven ability to capture business opportunities. At the same time, our long-standing prudence in building general allowance reserves and maintaining strong capital ratios will position us well to withstand headwinds. Thank you for your attention.
Okay. Thanks, Sok Hui. So as usual, I'll take a few minutes and first recap the quarter and then maybe a couple of comments on where we see things going.
As Sok Hui pointed out, our ROE topped 19% and that's obviously a record. It's also -- actually, if you look at the global benchmarks, there are very few banks in the world which are able to get ROEs at that level. This speaks not just to profit and profitability, but also our capital management, which has been efficient. Income hit SGD 5 billion for the quarter, the top line and which is also a record. So it is a good quarter all in all. The thing that's more important is it is broad-based, so obviously interest rate hikes help. But you got to reflect that underlying the interested hikes is the balance sheet has been actually quite robust.
So our strategy is to grow the liability book over the last several years, including in the 0 interest rate environment are really paying off. That clearly speaks to our cash management, speaks to our Wealth Management, speaks to our digital retail. All of those were anchored on being able to harness low-cost liabilities and deposits, and that's actually coming good at this time. NIM rose and NIM, as Sok Hui pointed out, got up to 2.16%, which is a little bit of a surprise because last quarter, we guided for the fact that NIM has probably topped out. Now the surprise really came from a couple of things, and I'm going to get into that in the next slide.
Then fee income, up 7% year-on-year. Underlying that, cards was strong at 17%. It continues to do well. Wealth Management was strong. First quarter Wealth Management was down 11%. Second quarter Wealth Management was up 12%. And actually, as we got into the tail end of the quarter, as you saw the last week or 2, the animal spirits are back and the markets are doing well. So again, I can touch on that briefly as we go forward.
Costs [indiscernible]. Year-on-year costs look high, but that's because of the growth we did in the second half of last year. Some of it was to do with the Taiwan integration. We added almost 1,000 people to manage the Taiwan integration, so some of that gets reflected. If you look at half-on-half, we're really not growing expenses. We're pretty flattish. Asset quality has been very good. our NPA -- new NPA formation is probably the lowest has been. If you look at the numbers, it is just very low. We're not seeing any NPA stress, and therefore, SPs are very low. Specific provisions way below our guidance.
And then finally, our dividend. Again, Sok Hui pointed it out right now. In the May investor release -- Investor Day, we had said that SGD 0.24 increase, we're pretty confident that we'll be able to sustain that. But we've also guided that we actually have more capital. And therefore, the surplus that we have, and as Sok Hui said, it's almost SGD 1.20 per share more, we need to return it to shareholders over the next couple of years, and we'll find an appropriate way to do it. And therefore, given the outlook and given the prospects for the year, the Board actually voted to already start doing that. And so we're able to increase that payout for the quarter. Next Slide. So what are things looking like? First of all, the macroeconomic and business outlook is actually a little bit slower. Second quarter was slower and partly because China has a rebound. China rebound was stronger in the first quarter and became more tepid in the second quarter. Now whether the new policy actions they're talking about and what comes of that gives some more momentum in the second half of the year is anybody's guess. I don't have a strong view either. But certainly, the slowdown in the second quarter meant that our guidance on things like loan growth we're tapering down a little bit.
Second quarter, we didn't get any loan growth. In fact, we are negative. So for the first half, we're 0. We're up 1% in the first quarter. We're down 1% in the second quarter. Our pipelines through the second half of the year are looking reasonable. So I do think that for the full year, we'll still get a low single-digit loan growth, but it won't be the earlier guidance. I thought earlier we get 3% to 5% loan growth. It's going to be very unlikely given that we are 0 at halfway through the year.
Part of the loan growth problem though is not just to do with the macro slowdown. It has to do with the fact that a lot of the loans have shifted from our booking centers, principally in Hong Kong, back to the Mainland. And the reason for that is that, a, there's a bit differentiate between borrowing in renminbi and borrowing in dollars. The Chinese [ onshore ] rates are substantially lower than the U.S. dollar rates. And the second reason is that, obviously, the renminbi has been depreciating. So in this -- between first and second quarter, renminbi depreciated from 6.8 to 7.3.
So if you're a borrower, you always want to borrow in a weaker currency and a depreciating currency. And that's caused the shift of people borrowing on the mainland as opposed to borrowing in Hong Kong. So it's a mix of both. There is some general slowdown, but there's also a shift. We saw this shift, this thing show up mostly in trade. So our trade book shined by about SGD 4 billion for the quarter. And our best guess is about SGD 2 billion of that is just reflecting the general slowdown and about SGD 2 billion of that is the shift to onshore borrowing in China because it's cheaper to do that for people.
On the NIM's, though, just the reverse of that because rates in the offshore markets are doing well, our NIMs are doing better. And so they are really 3 things that are really driving NIMs, while NIMs are slightly better than we had actually anticipated and forecast. One obviously is when we spoke the last time, we sort of figured that rates were topping out. And since then, the Fed has actually had hikes. So we're not taking those into account. The second, perhaps more material thing is HIBOR has moved up. So normally, HIBOR tracks the U.S. rates very closely. But through the late end of last year, early this year, there was a lot of liquidity. And so HIBOR was running almost 200 basis points lower than U.S. rates.
And so as we projected our NIM, we'd assume that HIBOR is not going to correct back up. Actually, HIBOR corrected backup. So HIBOR is now almost back to U.S. dollar rate levels. So that, on the one hand, improve the NIM for the group. On the other hand, that was also what drove the loans out of Hong Kong back to China. So it's a double edge thing. We also, as we indicated last time, have a large chunk of our commercial book, which reprices over time. So even now about 22%, 23% of our book has not repriced. It'll reprice through the second half of this year, 2024, and then beyond that. So we still have some support from the repricing of that asset book.
And finally, as Sok Hui pointed out, the deposit pressure, deposit repricing pressure is being relatively contained. The CASA outflow was SGD 32 billion for a couple of quarters, then it came down to SGD 16 billion this year, quarter is only SGD 10 billion. So because the CASA outflow is being contained, and we're not getting loan growth, we're not having to bid for high-cost fixed deposits in the market. And so that's allowing us to continue to manage the NIM. So there is some upside bias to NIM. Our exit NIM for June and July is closer to [ 2.20% ] in the NIM for the quarter is only [ 2.16% ]. Fee income. We also are tapering in the guidance a little bit because I said high single digits the last time. There [ isn't ] the assumption around first quarter, we got no growth. So it was a negative 1% or something. So the assumption was if we can get double-digit growth for 3 quarters in a row, then you still wind up with high single digits. In actual fact, second quarter, we didn't get double digit. We got 7% growth, which is good, but it wasn't double-digit growth. So given where we are now in the middle of the year, I still think we'll probably get double-digit growth in the tail end of the year, but you can't -- the math won't add up to high single digits. So I think you'll probably get a slightly lower growth on fee income, when you average the growth rates for the year. One of the good things though is Wealth Management, like I said, is coming back quite nicely. It was minus 11%, first quarter, plus 12% second quarter. And that still doesn't reflect the fact that the last 3, 4 weeks, the market has really picked up. Our net new money continued to grow. So we grew SGD 6 billion in each quarter, first quarter and second quarter, and that's actually quite robust. So money flows are still coming in. The money flows that we've got in recent times are half in deposits and half in investments, but that means that we do have the opportunity to convert the half in deposits into more investments and investment income as we go further.
So I think the prospects for Wealth Management, in particular, are good. Prospects of cards are also good. It's growing well. Consumption spending is good. But even now, travel as a percentage of card spend is only up to about 13%. In the pre-COVID days, travel as a percentage of card spend used to be 15% plus. So we still think there's an opportunity to get some more juice as the travel market continues to improve in cards. Slide. The area that we actually think we have some headwinds is Treasury and Markets. And we record our Treasury and Markets as a composite, not just the trading fee that people make that we make there, but also the interest income on the assets that we hold. And therefore, the bulk of funding for our Treasury Market assets happens in the market. And as the funding cost goes up, as rates go up, therefore, there's a negative drag on the T&M assets that we hold. As a consequence, this quarter, we had almost SGD 140 million, SGD 150 million of negative drag on the funding cost.
And so as we go forward, until we start correcting, I think we're more likely to do like SGD 230 million a quarter as opposed to the SGD 275 million, which I have previously guided. Now the flip to that, of course, is if rate starts stabilizing and coming off, then there's obviously a lot more value in the franchise, which will come back sometime in the future. Expense growth, we'll be around 10% for the full year. The cost income ratio will continue to be below 40%. And like Sok Hui mentioned, year-on-year, I mean, half year on half year, we're flattish. So this really reflects the growth we had in the second half of last year.
SPs, I think we'll do better. We said 10 to 15 basis points. I think it will be at the low end of that 10 to 15. We're only 8 basis points in the first half of the year. And so far, portfolio is looking very resilient. We are not seeing any signs of stress anywhere in the portfolio. And we have no obvious problems that we can see that will cause SPs to rise materially. So we think we'll be at the low end of that range. So net-net, when you put it -- we think, we'll have a record year, of course. The first half, we're already well over SGD 5 billion. And if our outlook continues to be consistent with what I'm saying, I think there's every likelihood that this will be a record year.
So I'll stop there and take questions.
Okay. Are there any questions? Before you ask your question, I also want to request that you do speak to the mics in front of you or we have some roving mics just so that those who are tuning in virtually can also share the question.
I'm not sure whether the mic is on actually.
Congrats on good results. 2 questions. First, wondering what's the new guidance on NIM continues -- given the continued uplift? And the second question on digital banks. What's the outlook for CASA given the recent moves by the bank to raise the deposit cap?
So NIM, I've said upside bias to this. They already said that June exit NIM was [ 2.20% ]. July is still in that range. But obviously, it's a function of loan pricing and deposit pricing as well. So I think there is at least a couple of basis points upside from the second quarter from where we are. I can't fine-tune it much better than that at this stage.
On the digital bank deposit rate. I've said this before, I think at the end the digital bank's total market share gain in any market, whether it's the U.K. or Hong Kong, I think tends to be small and takes an extraordinarily long time for it to impact the system as a whole. And so yes, I mean to the extent that people raise rates, they will continue to see some inflow of money. But in the big scheme of things, those numbers are quite small. So it's not going to materially change shares. So then the question is, how fast do you want to compete for the marginal deposits? And as we already said in the second quarter, we felt we didn't need to compete for the high cost fixed deposits. Loans is not growing, our LDR is only 80%, our LCR is really strong 127%. So if we choose not to compete for the marginal fixed deposit, it won't have a material impact.
Just to clarify one thing, the net new money of SGD 12 billion, is it in Sing dollars or in USD?
No, we count AUMs in Sing dollars.
in Sing dollars. And second question. Well...
This is called the Mitch McConnell movement.
Is [ DBS ] the unnamed bank that has kept [indiscernible] SGD 650 million. MAS mentioned, an unnamed bank in Singapore, is that DBS? And if so, what measures have you taken?
First of all, it's not DBS.
Piyush, if you can just clarify the fee income because it went down on the quarter, but the slide said it's the first rise in 6 quarters...
Year-on-year rise.
So but generally...
If you look at slide, it's SGD 999 million and last -- second quarter last year was SGD 917 millions.
Right. But generally, is this just -- I mean, over even from the first quarter, it's slightly down, how are you seeing the -- how are you overall seeing the...
I think it's going to be quite robust. So if you look at -- that's why I pointed out, cards grew 17%, cards is robust, and I think as travel picks up, cards will continue to do well. Wealth grew 12% in this number. And I think wealth with -- especially in the last 2 weeks, I'm quite bullish, the market is opening up, and we've got a lot of new money that we can put to work. So I think wealth will be positive. Investment banking was flat. So capital markets, that's still a little uncertain. We have a lot of healthy deal pipeline. And that is not because we didn't do the market wasn't there. In fact, our league table positions for the first half are very strong. We're #1 in ASEAN for ECM. We're #8 in Asia ex Japan. And we have a strong pipeline. So that depends if the market opens up for capital markets, you might do well on ECM/DCM as well.
So the one thing which was slow was transaction banking. And that is really trade over the half -- trade was down in this thing. So that trade, we think we'll get trade growth in the second half of the year, in which case, it will come with some fee income as well.
New money, right. You talked about SGD 12 billion in the first half. How does that compare with the earlier number?
About the same.
About the same. And what about the source of the money, right, like earlier you were talking about broad based.
It continues to be broad based. So we're getting North Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East has been quite consistent.
And with the UBS taking over Credit Suisse, you had mentioned that some of the flows you had also gained from that. What's the trend like when you talk to clients and when you talk to prospective clients also, what are they saying about, do you think about...
We continue to see this as broad-based money. And it's a strange dynamic. So first of all, [indiscernible] Credit Suisse has stabilized the entity, and therefore, it's less uncertain and fragile for some people. On the other hand, there are a lot of people who were using 2 providers, and now they're down to one provider. And so a lot of people don't like concentrating with one provider. They like to have a couple of banks that they deal with. So it's like both sides, right? So people are less poor, but on the other hand, people want to look for alternate providers as well.
Dexter?
I wanted to ask 2 questions. The first one is, there was a report about a while ago about how U.K. banks are basically only passing a quarter of rate hikes to consumers. I'm just curious, from your point of view, like do you see that in Singapore Banks as well? My second question is you mentioned just now you're in China. I'm just curious in terms of how the [indiscernible] economy more broadly, what do you see a slowdown in China, like impacting the outlook for the year? And my last thing is, in Temasek last month, they are trying to engage more of the [ popular ] companies and branch restructuring is going on in the branch of [ popular ] companies in Singapore. I know that they have quite [indiscernible] DBS as well. Have you had any conversations with them on...
What? I missed that...
Like restructurings and things like that and change in policies, change in strategy and things like that because we've seen that a lot [indiscernible] Temasek popular companies. So they have [indiscernible].
So I'll take your third question first. No, we've had no discussions with Temasek on the need to restructure DBS for performance. I think Temasek is quite happy with DBS' performance. If you look at what they've been doing, and I shouldn't be speaking for them. But if you look at what we've been doing in the last couple of years is looking at entities in their portfolio, which have not been delivering the returns that they want, and they've been trying to see if they can actually restructure and drive for better returns in some sectors, which have been more challenged. Fortunately, we stand out as a high-performing part of their portfolio.
On your first question on deposit payout. Actually, if you look at the overall deposit payouts for Singapore banks, we are reasonable. So in the sense that we match the U.S. banks in terms of payout. So [indiscernible] couple of the U.S. banks deposit payouts are much lower than ours, couple are about our levels. And so we're roughly at the same level of deposit payouts as them. I think it's worth reflecting that even now despite these high interest rates, our NIMs are not at records. So we have, in the past, have had north of 220 basis points in NIMs. And therefore, it's not that we've hit a record level of NIMs. And what we are doing at the same time is we are calibrating the loan rate. So if you look at the lending rate on mortgages, for example, as a market, actually, not just us. The market is charging for a 2-year fixed rate, somewhere between 3.3% and 3.5%. And that's only marginally over the cost of fixed deposits. So it's not just the deposit side of the equation, it's also the lending side of the equation. We're actually underpricing for the mortgage loan rates just to make it easier for the market and for our customers. Your second question, which is related to China and the China prospects. So all of Asia and Singapore is not excluded from that slows down when China slows down. And that's because intra-Asia trade and activity is still a material part of our business. So you do see an impact from China slowdown overall in economic activity. Again, there are swings and roundabouts. There are 2 positives which come from that. One is the geopolitics of China Plus One continuing to help the region, including Singapore. So there is an inbound flow of investment across the region. We're able to capitalize on that. And the second is on investments, so Wealth Management and other activities. So not just the individuals, but also Chinese companies are opening up for treasury centers and operations in Singapore as well. So it's not just the Western companies doing China Plus One, even the Chinese companies are doing China Plus One. And so we benefit from that as well.
If I can follow up. Do you have a sense of how much that Chinese investment makes up in terms of wealth, flows and stuff like that for your bank at least?
It's -- I mean, this was a question before, I think you asked. So where does that SGD 6 billion quarter come from? And I said it's broad-based, but about half of that comes from North Asia.
Piyush, I would like to ask the question about just now you mentioned that DBS is highly likely going to hit a record year this year. What are the factors just now that you mentioned that the outlook that is going to support this and do you see this momentum carrying into next year?
Well, the biggest part of that is interest rates. DBS continues to be very highly correlated to interest rate cycles. And even though we manage our duration and paid books sensibly, so we're not [indiscernible], but we do benefit from interstate hikes. So that happens to be the #1 thing. But I do want to reflect on 2 other parts, which are important. One is, see, the interstate is a [ PQ ] variable. So interstates are the price. But then you've got to have a Q, a quantity to apply the interest rates too. And so I think over the last 7, 8 years, our focus on digitizing, on cash management, on both the corporate and consumer side and on wealth, that's really paying off.
We were one of the first to actually create this whole API-based embedded financing thing. We plugged in our APIs into 1,000 companies. [ Su Shan ] is there. She and her team did this in 2018, '19. We plugged it way before COVID. And so our volume of payments activity, our volumes of transactional activity has gone through the roof. And that allows us to have this large low-cost deposit base, which benefits from a high interest rate environment. And similarly on Wealth Management. Our Wealth Management AUMs, remember, we were -- I still think, a decade ago, we weren't in the top 30. Today, we're #3 in Asia in terms of AUMs. Number 3 in Asia means that when we get SGD 320 billion in AUMs, a substantial chunk of that stays in deposits as well. So that benefits a lot from interest rate hikes as well. So the nature of our franchise, which is what we built out on the liability book, it really benefits in a high interest rate environment. So that's one big driver of the growth. But outside of that, we've also built a very solid other noninterest lines of business. And you can see that the fee income, which we get from things like wealth again, from credit cards, from payments, from trade, is very broad based.
And then finally, treasury sales again, a decade ago, if you look at the bank, we were 75% prop and 20%, 25% customer. Today, more than half of our activity is customer driven. And therefore, even though the -- I said the trading in high interest environment suffers, there's volatility. But if you look at our treasury sales activity, it continues to power along. It's very consistent and strong growing. So there are many engines of growth.
Piyush, Just 2 questions. One is MAS has been taking a number of measures in the last couple of months to sort of streamline the flow of family offices to make it sort of -- make some more guidelines or introduce this, right? What do you think is the impact on this, on the family office and what are the prospects? And secondly, in terms of overall as a bank for risk factors, when you were here in Q1, you talked about the margins might have peaked, but now it doesn't look like. But in terms of the risk factors, what have been the new risk factors for this quarter? And what do you see you need to -- what would change for you to sort of cope with those risk factors?
So on the family offices, frankly, not that [indiscernible]. impact. In fact, frankly, one of the -- having a good regulated family office architecture is helpful for Singapore. We want to make sure the money that comes in is solid money, clean money put to work and not [ slightly ] money. And the last thing we want is to build up a reputation is a haven for hot money, right? So I'm actually quite happy with all of the measures, which the Central Bank is putting in place. If you look at our pipeline of customers who wanting to relocate moneys into Singapore family offices, et cetera, I don't think it's hot money. And frankly, the money, which was coming from places, like Russia, we've been very careful around that, right? So I don't think you'll see material negative impact of that. Your second question, on where are the risk factors. And honestly, I'm not seeing any dramatic risk factors at this point of time, which is new. And the China property market is a challenge. We've known that for 2, 3 years, we've been working, and we've been ahead of the curve on that. As concerned about how high rates could go, we've stressed our portfolio all the way up to 7% rates. I don't think we'll get so. From everything I can see, you might get a rate hike of 2%, but 5.5%, 5.75%, that looks like where it stops. So I don't think you'll see too much beyond that.
You normally have expected at these levels that you could see dollar liquidity challenges. And you've seen that in the past in taper tantrum, et cetera. So we stressed for that repeatedly. But you're not seeing that. The market is very liquid and very flush. And I think that reflects the huge money printing by the Fed is just a sloshing around all over the world, if you will.
Geopolitics remains an uncertainty. So how do you continue to work in geopolitics, you never know. It's something that can come out of nowhere. So we keep a close eye on that, so we don't get caught in the middle of that challenge. But ex that in a cyclical sense, short-term sense, nothing major. You asked me the big picture question still there, the sustainability question, the social issue question, all of those are still there, but they're not a cyclical short-term impact.
I ask one more question. In terms of the wealth inflow in Singapore, have you been satisfied with the more money that they are investing because we [indiscernible] in the past like basically, even though there's a lot of money parking banks like yours, like basically the [indiscernible] and actually putting a lot of money in big investments. They're just parking the money. Has there been any situation for you guys as well?
It's true, but there's nothing to do with the nature. I think people are misleading. You got to understand that everybody, including my existing customers, they invest in up cycles. So the notion that money came in and it was lying in a bank deposit, therefore, it's a bad thing. They say, logical. You won't put your money to work in a down market. That's exactly like everybody has. They don't put the money to work in a down market, they move the money here. But when I say that there's upside in this, we do know that the money that comes here, a substantial portion of it, like half the money is in deposits, not invested. Typically, you'd expect 80% of the money to be invested. So there is upside as the market start turning around that money will go into investments.
Maybe a final question, if there is one. Okay. If there's none. Then thank you, everyone, for coming. I'll see you next quarter.
All right. Thanks, everybody.