
Palantir Technologies Inc
NYSE:PLTR

Palantir Technologies Inc





In the early 2000s, Palantir Technologies Inc. was conceived as a solution to a complex problem: how could vast datasets be harnessed to make precise, actionable decisions? Founded by visionaries including Peter Thiel and Alex Karp, the company set out to leverage the power of big data and machine learning to tackle intricate challenges, initially focusing on national security and intelligence gathering. Palantir’s flagship platforms, Palantir Gotham and Palantir Foundry, became indispensable tools, enabling clients to sift through mountains of data to uncover insights that would otherwise remain hidden. While Gotham catered primarily to governmental and defense applications, aiding agencies like the CIA in counterterrorism efforts, Foundry provided a versatile solution for a range of industries, from healthcare to finance, seeking to optimize operations with data-driven intelligence.
Palantir’s business model hinges on deep integration with its clients, often embedding its software engineers with the customer’s team to tailor solutions to specific needs. This strategy fosters a high degree of customer reliance and retention, leading to long-term contracts and recurring revenue streams. Unlike traditional software companies that sell licenses or off-the-shelf solutions, Palantir adopts a partnership approach, which transforms data into a strategic asset for its clients. As a result, the company's revenue is driven not only by software licensing fees but also by service and support contracts that ensure continuous collaboration and innovation. In recent years, Palantir has expanded its horizons beyond government contracts, capitalizing on the growing commercial sector demand for analytics, thus broadening its footprint in an increasingly data-centric world.
Earnings Calls
In the first quarter of 2025, Palantir reported a remarkable 39% year-over-year revenue growth, bolstered by a stunning 55% increase in U.S. revenue, which now constitutes 71% of total sales. Their U.S. commercial business surged 71%, surpassing a $1 billion run rate. The company raised its full-year revenue guidance to between $3.89 billion and $3.902 billion, indicating at least 36% growth. Palantir's adjusted operating margin improved to 44%, with an adjusted free cash flow of $370 million. Demand for their AI offerings continues to soar, solidifying their market advantage【4:1†source】【4:3†source】【4:9†source】.
Management

Peter Andreas Thiel is a prominent entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and philanthropist, known for his influential role in the technology industry. Born on October 11, 1967, in Frankfurt, Germany, Thiel's family immigrated to the United States when he was a child. He went on to attend Stanford University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and later a Juris Doctor degree from Stanford Law School. Thiel first gained significant attention in the tech world as a co-founder of PayPal in 1998, alongside other notable figures like Elon Musk and Max Levchin. As PayPal's CEO, Thiel helped build the company into a major player in the online payments industry, eventually leading to its acquisition by eBay in 2002. In 2004, Peter Thiel co-founded Palantir Technologies with Alex Karp, Joe Lonsdale, Stephen Cohen, and Nathan Gettings. Palantir is a data analytics and software company that serves government agencies, financial institutions, and large corporations by providing tools for data integration, visualization, and analysis. The company has been involved in numerous high-profile projects and contracts, particularly in the areas of defense and national security. Thiel is also recognized for his work as a venture capitalist. He was the first outside investor in Facebook, purchasing a 10.2% stake for $500,000 in 2004. His early investment in Facebook proved to be one of the most successful in the tech industry. Thiel is a partner at Founders Fund, a venture capital firm he co-founded, which has invested in a variety of technology startups. Beyond his business endeavors, Thiel is known for his philanthropic work and intellectual pursuits. He established the Thiel Fellowship, which encourages young entrepreneurs to pursue innovative projects instead of attending college. Thiel is also a vocal advocate for libertarian and conservative political causes and has authored and co-authored books on technology and society. Peter Thiel's influence extends across the technology, business, and political landscapes, making him one of the most notable figures in contemporary tech innovation and investment.

Dr. Alexander C. Karp is a prominent figure in the tech industry, best known as the co-founder and CEO of Palantir Technologies Inc., a public American software company that specializes in big data analytics. Dr. Karp was born on October 2, 1967, and grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He pursued his undergraduate degree at Haverford College. Afterward, he obtained a Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.D.) from Stanford Law School, underscoring his academic interest in law. In addition to his legal education, Dr. Karp further pursued a Ph.D. in neoclassical social theory from the University of Frankfurt, where he studied under the renowned philosopher Jürgen Habermas. In 2003, Dr. Karp co-founded Palantir Technologies alongside Peter Thiel, Nathan Gettings, Joe Lonsdale, and Stephen Cohen. The company quickly became known for its sophisticated data integration and analytics platforms, used by government and commercial clients for intelligence, counter-terrorism, and complex data-driven decision-making challenges. Under Dr. Karp's leadership, Palantir has grown significantly, establishing itself as a key player in data-driven operations across various industries, notably in government and defense sectors. He is recognized for his unconventional management style, focus on transparency, and commitment to ethical considerations in technology. Dr. Karp is also known for his intellectual pursuits and advocacy for responsible AI and data usage policies. Despite leading a leading technology company, he often expresses concerns about Silicon Valley's impact on privacy and society. His unique perspectives and leadership continue to shape the trajectory of Palantir and its role in the tech landscape.
Stephen Andrew Cohen is one of the co-founders of Palantir Technologies, a public American software company that specializes in big data analytics. He played a significant role in the development and growth of the company since its inception in 2003. Cohen, a highly skilled computer scientist, contributed to the creation of Palantir's core technologies used for analyzing and integrating large data sets. Educated at Stanford University, Cohen holds a degree in computer science, which laid the foundation for his technical expertise in software development and data handling. Within Palantir, he has taken on various critical roles and was integral in shaping the company's strategic vision. This vision focused on deploying technology in areas like intelligence, defense, finance, and health care to make sense of complex data. Cohen is recognized for his deep technical acumen and his ability to bridge the gap between complex data solutions and practical user applications. Throughout his career at Palantir, he has been pivotal in driving innovation, ensuring that the software developed met the high standards required by its clients, including government agencies and large corporations. His contributions have helped Palantir maintain its status as a leader in the analytics sector.

David A. Glazer is a distinguished legal professional associated with Palantir Technologies Inc., where he serves as an integral part of the company's legal team. As a JD (Juris Doctor), he brings profound expertise in legal affairs, providing strategic guidance and support on a wide range of legal matters pertinent to Palantir's operations. His role often involves overseeing compliance, managing legal risks, and advising on the company's regulatory obligations. With a background rooted in law and technology, Glazer is instrumental in navigating the complex legal landscape of the tech industry, ensuring that Palantir adheres to all relevant legal standards and practices. His contributions are vital in maintaining the company's legal integrity and facilitating its growth within the legal frameworks governing the sector.

Shyam Sankar is a prominent executive at Palantir Technologies Inc., a public American software company specializing in big data analytics. He serves as the Chief Operating Officer (COO) of the company. Sankar joined Palantir in its early days and has been instrumental in its growth and international expansion. As COO, Shyam Sankar oversees global operations, directing the deployment and implementation of Palantir's powerful software platforms across various industries, including government, finance, healthcare, and more. His focus includes ensuring that the software meets the needs of clients in addressing complex data analysis challenges. Sankar is known for his advocacy of human-computer symbiosis, emphasizing the integration of human intelligence with machine processing to enhance decision-making processes. He has played a crucial role in fostering customer relationships and expanding Palantir's product reach across new sectors and applications. Before his time at Palantir, Shyam Sankar earned a bachelor's degree in electrical and computer engineering from Cornell University and a master's degree in management science and engineering from Stanford University. His educational background and keen interest in technology and operations have significantly influenced his professional path and leadership philosophy at Palantir.

As of the latest available information, Ryan D. Taylor, J.D., serves as an executive at Palantir Technologies Inc. He holds the position of Chief Legal Officer (CLO) at Palantir, a public American software company that specializes in big data analytics. With a background in law, Ryan D. Taylor plays a critical role in overseeing the company's legal strategies, compliance, and regulatory affairs. His educational credentials include a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree, which equips him with the expertise required to navigate the complex legal landscape surrounding technology and data privacy issues, significant in Palantir's line of work. In his position, Taylor is integral to guiding Palantir through various legal challenges and ensuring that their operations comply with all applicable laws and regulations. Palantir, co-founded by Peter Thiel in 2003, focuses on providing software solutions for integrating, managing, securing, and analyzing large amounts of data. The company's software is used by government and commercial clients around the world to make sense of complex data environments. Through his leadership, Taylor influences Palantir’s approach to legal matters and helps safeguard the company's interests in a rapidly evolving digital and regulatory landscape. His efforts contribute to maintaining Palantir's reputation and ensuring its continued growth and compliance.

Joseph Lonsdale is not from Palantir Technologies Inc.; however, he is a well-known entrepreneur and investor who co-founded Palantir Technologies. Born on September 12, 1982, Lonsdale graduated from Stanford University with a degree in computer science. At Palantir, he played a significant role in the company's early development and growth. Besides Palantir, Lonsdale is also known for his involvement in various ventures and investment projects. He co-founded the venture capital firm 8VC, which invests in transformative technology companies. Additionally, Lonsdale has been associated with other successful ventures, including Addepar, a financial technology company he founded, and OpenGov, which focuses on modernizing government financial operations. Through his work, Lonsdale has significantly impacted the tech and investment landscapes, becoming a prominent figure in Silicon Valley. His interests often lie in leveraging technology to solve big data problems and improve systems across industries.
Heather Planishek is an executive at Palantir Technologies Inc., known for her role within the company's leadership team. She is the Chief Legal and Business Affairs Officer at Palantir, where she oversees legal matters and plays a key role in business operations and strategy. She joined Palantir in 2013 and has since been instrumental in guiding the company through various legal and regulatory landscapes. Heather brings extensive experience from her background in law, having earned her degree from a reputable institution, and she combines this with her acumen in business affairs to support Palantir's mission and growth. Her work involves a significant focus on compliance, intellectual property, and corporate governance, contributing to Palantir's standing as a global leader in data analytics and software.

David B. MacNaughton is a seasoned Canadian diplomat and political strategist who has played a significant role in various sectors, including government and private enterprises. Before joining Palantir Technologies Inc., he was best known for serving as Canada's Ambassador to the United States from 2016 to 2019, where he was instrumental in renegotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), leading to the new United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Following his ambassadorship, MacNaughton joined Palantir Technologies Inc. as President of its Canadian operations in 2019. In this role, he has been responsible for expanding Palantir's presence in Canada, focusing on leveraging the company's data integration and analytical tools to solve complex problems across various sectors, including government, healthcare, and industry. With a background that combines public service, diplomacy, and private sector expertise, MacNaughton brings a wealth of experience to his role at Palantir, fostering connections and collaborations that align with the company's strategic goals in Canada and beyond. Before his diplomatic and corporate roles, MacNaughton had an extensive career in the private sector and public relations, and he played significant advisory roles within the Canadian government and in major political campaigns.
Kevin Kawasaki is a prominent executive at Palantir Technologies Inc., a public American software company that specializes in big data analytics. While there may be multiple individuals by the name of Kevin Kawasaki, in the context of Palantir Technologies, he has been known to hold significant roles within the organization. Kevin Kawasaki has served as the Head of Business Development, contributing to Palantir's growth and expansion by forging strategic partnerships and helping to integrate Palantir's data solutions across various industries. His work involves collaborating with governments, businesses, and other organizations to leverage Palantir's platforms in order to drive data-driven decision-making. He is recognized for his expertise in the technology sector and his ability to communicate Palantir's capabilities to a broad audience. His efforts have been integral in securing key contracts and supporting the company's endeavors to solve complex problems through data analysis. Prior to his work at Palantir, Kevin Kawasaki garnered experience in finance and technology, which equipped him with the skills necessary for his leadership role at Palantir. Kawasaki's contributions have been vital in maintaining Palantir's status as a leading company in data analytics, influencing how organizations manage and interpret large-scale data for improved outcomes across various fields.
Good afternoon. I'm Ana Soro from Palantir's finance team, and I'd like to welcome you to our first quarter 2025 earnings call. We'll be discussing the results announced in our press release issued after the market closed and posted on our Investor Relations website.
During the call, we will make statements regarding our business that may be considered forward-looking within applicable securities laws, including statements regarding our second quarter and fiscal 2025 results, management's expectations for our future financial and operational performance and other statements regarding our plans, prospects and expectations.
These statements are not promises or guarantees and are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause them to differ materially from actual results. Information concerning those risks is available in our earnings release distributed after the market closed today and in our SEC filings. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Further, during the course of today's call, we will refer to certain adjusted financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or in isolation from GAAP measures. Additional information about these non-GAAP measures including reconciliation of non-GAAP to comparable GAAP measures is included in our press release and investor presentation provided today.
Our press release, investor presentation and other earnings materials are available on our Investor Relations website at investors.palantir.com. Over the course of the call, we will refer to various growth rates when discussing our business. These rates reflect year-over-year comparisons unless otherwise stated. Joining me on today's call are Alex Karp, Chief Executive Officer; Shyam Sankar, Chief Technology Officer; Dave Glazer, Chief Financial Officer; and Ryan Taylor, Chief Revenue Officer and Chief Legal Officer. I'll now turn it over to Ryan to start the call.
Our first quarter of the year showcased incredible strength and remarkable momentum as revenue grew 39% year-over-year. Our story continues to be one of preeminence in the U.S. Our U.S. revenue grew 55% year-over-year and now makes up 71% of our overall business. Our U.S. commercial businesses extraordinary momentum continued as revenue grew 71% year-over-year. Our foundational U.S. government business achieved compelling revenue growth of 45% year-over-year. Our results continue to redefine the Rule of 40 with our Rule of 40 score increasing from 81 in Q4 to 83 last quarter. While organizations may consider curtailing spending to drive efficiencies or weather heightened volatility, they find this is the moment they need Palantir the most. The time they turn to us asking how can we help them adapt and solve their latest challenges.
As AI models progress and improve, we continue enabling our customers to maximally leverage these models in production, capitalizing upon the rich context within the enterprise through the Ontology. We remain differentiated in our elite execution to deliver quantified exceptionalism for our customers, ever widening their advantage over the AI have-nots. As a result, unrelenting demand for AIP continues to drive outperformance despite Q1 historically being our slowest quarter due to business seasonality. Our U.S. commercial revenue grew 19% sequentially to surpass the $1 billion annual run rate for revenue in Q1. We closed $810 million in U.S. commercial TCV with a 239% year-over-year growth rate on a dollar-weighted duration basis, and we closed twice as many deals of $1 million or more compared to the same time period a year ago. I feel the demand in the conversations I'm having with customers. On the ground, things are accelerating. Customers are getting started then expanding in quick succession. A large health care company did a boot camp with us in December and 5 weeks later converted to a 5-year $26 million ACV enterprise agreement.
A global bank started a pilot with us in Q4 2024, signed a $2 million engagement a month later then expanded to a 3-year $19 million ACV engagement 4 months after that. A Fortune 500 health care company began working with us in Q2 2024 and last quarter, signed a 5-year $10 million ACV conversion deal. The pace and magnitude of these deals are being driven by the quantified exceptionalism our customers received from day 1 working with us. We continue to hear from customers that our software's impact is remarkably apparent. A Walgreens executive recently highlighted Foundry and AIP allowed them to play AI-powered end-to-end workflows in 4,000 stores within 8 months, automating what would have amounted to 384 billion decisions every day if relying on humans. AIG recently highlighted that they expect the end-to-end adoption of tech advancements leveraging Palantir will double their 5-year CAGR. They noted, "It's an unbelievable outcome in terms of what we get. You could give underwriters unlimited time, 2, 3, 4 weeks. They still can't get the amount of data that I can get within 2 to 3 hours through Palantir." We are partnering with R1 RCM to develop intelligent automation solutions to create faster, more precise health care reimbursement outcomes.
Their executive noted, "we believe there's a multi-$100 billion opportunity here industry-wide to put money back into the pockets of providers and physicians so they can better invest in patient outcomes." Our name is popping up across earnings calls around the world as companies like Citibank, BP and L3Harris tout the ambition of their work with Palantir to their investors. Our U.S. government business continues to achieve impressive growth as we deliver towards the vital missions of the agencies we support. As the government focuses on efficiency, our commercially fielded, battle hardened products stand-alone.
Last quarter, we closed deals expanding our work in the Department of Defense, including the critical impact we are delivering with Maven Smart System across the CoCom and the services. The impact is far reaching. Internationally, we closed a deal to provide Palantir Maven Smart System to NATO to deploy our AI Mission Command solution across its 32 member states. Historically, in periods of turmoil organizations, both public and private, have turned to Palantir. With the proliferation of AI, you see an even wider gap between the winners and losers. The winners won't be determined by size, but by adaptability. Many organizations are having to reimagine how their business does and should work in the future simply to survive. We are built to help companies embrace volatility. We expect more surprises, not less. And with the uncertainty ahead, we are more confident than ever in Palantir's ability to deliver tangible impact for our customers to transform organizations with real workflows in production and to help institutions adapt to survive.
I'll now turn it over to Shyam.
Thanks, Ryan. We've been consistently saying that even while the LOMs are improving, the models across both closed and open source, they're becoming more similar and that performance will converge, all while cost per token for inference continues to drop substantially. The market has been focused on AI supply, the models, while we have been focused on delivering on AI demand. It's now blindingly obvious to everyone after the first DeepSeek moment. Our foundational investments in Ontology and infrastructure have positioned us to uniquely deliver on AI demand now and into the world ahead. AIP has entered the next phase of product development and adoption focused on enterprise autonomy. As I mentioned last call, the normative value of AI is the self-driving company. We're not talking about copilots that make you 50% more productive, we're talking about agents that make you 50x more productive.
AIP is increasingly owning the position of being the technology that translate the ever-expanding raw capability of LLM into business outcomes through oncology. AIP is proving to be the best harness to build, test, evaluate and deploy agents to eat the elephant of the enterprise. Everyday users are building their own agents to realize the potential of enterprise autonomy across both public and private sector. AI agents are operating as part of human AI teams, leveraging the mix of workflow applications for mammals and code-first approaches for AI agents with Ontology as that common intermediary representation of the state of the enterprise. Agents are having a transformative impact for our customers now from targeting our enemies to targeting supply chain opportunities.
You can hear more about these stories, not in our earnings call, but as Ryan mentioned, in our customers' earnings calls, AIG, City, BP, L3Harris, Hertz all mentioned the transformative impact of AIP on their most recent calls. These agents represent AI users, the supply chain agent that works with your supply chain analysts, the intelligence AI agent that works with your human agents. AI as a platform enables our customers to rapidly build and deploy AI agents that automate more and more of the enterprise in a continuous fashion.
AIG announced the AI underwriting agent. AI agents are processing vast volumes of intelligence reports in the Department of Defense, finding things humans missed. AI agents are monitoring for sepsis at Tampa General. As Ryan mentioned, our U.S. business is on fire. And I want to, again, call out the continued strength, with Warp Speed in particular, our modern American manufacturing operating system. Both the adoption and the rate of product development has exceeded expectations. These investments are powering America's reindustrialization, not only with new defense entrants, but also with traditional defense industrial players and the broader manufacturing industry.
Turning to government. We delivered our first Titan vehicles to the U.S. Army in Q1, on time, on budget. The army rate of Titan as a top-performing program. And everything about it is heretical, a military vehicle with a software company as the prime contractor, and it's built by a team of nontraditional defense innovators like [indiscernible]. Maven Smart System adoption continues to grow, with usage doubling in the first 9 months of 2024 and doubling again in the 5 subsequent months. The rate of adoption has really accelerated as Maven scales across more combatant commands and through the services and into more and more use cases. You commonly hear combatant commanders reference Maven in their posture hearings to Congress now. And Maven has reached Europe, with NATO adopting the capabilities of Maven Smart System as its C2 operating system. Leadership at uComm said, "this platform, Maven, has become more than a common operating picture, it's a decision advantage environment that is rapidly transforming the command." AI agents aren't just transforming the U.S. commercial sector, they are transforming how we fight. AI agents are analyzing intelligence, finding targets, automating staff functions and improving the understanding of the battle space. But we are just at the beginning. Our defense users are amongst the most creative and self-sufficient developers. Green suiters developed the Hurricane Helene Rescue common operating picture in 5 days. Next time, they will have AI agents do it for them in 5 minutes.
With that, I'll turn it over to Dave to take us through the numbers.
Thanks, Shyam. We had an exceptional first quarter. Revenue growth accelerated to 39% year-over-year, exceeding the high end of our prior guidance by nearly 350 basis points and representing an 1,800 basis point increase compared to the growth rate in Q1 of last year. We achieved another $1 billion milestone this quarter by surpassing $1 billion annual run rate in our U.S. commercial business for the first time, which grew 71% year-over-year and 19% sequentially. On the back of this continued strength, we are raising our full year 2025 revenue guidance midpoint to $3.896 billion, representing a 36% year-over-year growth rate and our U.S. commercial revenue guidance to an excess of $1.178 billion, representing a growth rate of at least 68%. The continued increase in demand for AIP drove the outperformance in your U.S. business overall in the first quarter, which grew 55% year-over-year and 13% sequentially, including our U.S. government business, which grew 45% year-over-year and 9% sequentially.
We delivered these outstanding top line results at an adjusted operating margin of 44%, representing an 800 basis point increase compared to the first quarter of last year. Our revenue and profitability drove a 2-point sequential increase to a Rule of 40 score from 81 in the fourth quarter of 2024 to 83 in the first quarter of 2025. We also had a strong cash flow quarter with adjusted free cash flow of $370 million, representing a margin of 42%.
Turning to our global top line results. First quarter revenue grew 39% year-over-year and 7% sequentially to $884 million. First quarter U.S. revenue grew 55% year-over-year and 13% sequentially to $628 million. Excluding the impact of revenue from strategic commercial contracts, first quarter revenue grew 44% year-over-year and 7% sequentially, and first quarter U.S. revenue grew 56% year-over-year and 14% sequentially. Customer count grew 39% year-over-year and 8% sequentially to 769 customers. Revenue from our largest customers continues to expand. First quarter trailing 12-month revenue from our top 20 customers increased 26% year-over-year to $70 million per customer.
Now moving to our commercial segment. First quarter commercial revenue grew 33% year-over-year and 7% sequentially to $397 million. Excluding the impact from strategic commercial contracts, first quarter commercial revenue grew 42% year-over-year and 8% sequentially. We closed $930 million in commercial TCV bookings, representing 84% growth year-over-year. As I highlighted earlier, we achieved a $1 billion annual run rate in our U.S. commercial business for the first time as AIP continues to drive both new customer conversions and existing customer expansions in the U.S. First quarter U.S. commercial revenue grew 71% year-over-year and 19% sequentially to $255 million. Excluding revenue from strategic commercial contracts, first quarter U.S. commercial revenue grew 75% year-over-year and 22% sequentially. We are the strongest quarter of U.S. commercial TCV booked at $810 million, representing growth of 183% year-over-year. On a trailing 12-month basis, we closed over $2 billion of U.S. commercial TCV bookings highlighting the demand for AI production use cases. Total remaining deal value in our U.S. commercial business grew 127% year-over-year and 30% sequentially. Our U.S. commercial customer count grew to 432 customers reflecting growth of 65% year-over-year and 13% sequentially.
First quarter international commercial revenue declined 5% year-over-year and 11% sequentially to $141 million. The decline was driven by continued headwinds in Europe and by the onetime revenue catch-up in the fourth quarter of 2024 that we noted on last quarter's call. For our international commercial business, we continue to capitalize on targeted growth opportunities in Asia, the Middle East and beyond, but remain focused on accelerating the growth in our U.S. business.
Revenue from strategic commercial contracts was $5.1 million for the quarter. We anticipate second quarter 2025 revenue from these contracts to be between $4 million to $6 million compared to $9 million in the second quarter of 2024. We anticipate 2025 revenue from these contracts to continue to be approximately 0.5 of 1% of full year revenue.
Shifting to our Government segment. First quarter government revenue grew 45% year-over-year and 7% sequentially to $487 million. First quarter U.S. government revenue grew 45% year-over-year and 9% sequentially to $373 million. This growth was driven by continued execution in existing programs and new awards reflecting the growing demand for AI and our government software offerings. First quarter international government revenue grew 45% year-over-year and 2% sequentially to $114 million, bolstered by our continued work in U.K. health care and defense as well as our new partnership with NATO.
First quarter TCV booked was $1.5 billion, up 66% year-over-year. Net dollar retention was 124%, an increase of 400 basis points from last quarter. The increase was driven both by expansions at existing customers and new customers acquired in Q1 of last year as we see the effect of the AI revolution. As net dollar retention does not include revenue from the new customers that were acquired in the past 12 months, it has not yet fully captured the acceleration and velocity in our U.S. business over the past year. We ended the first quarter with $5.97 billion in total remaining deal value, an increase of 45% year-over-year and 10% sequentially and $1.9 billion in remaining performance obligations, an increase of 46% year-over-year and 10% sequentially. As a reminder, RPO is primarily comprised of our commercial business as it does not take into account contracts with an initial term of less than 12 months and contractual obligations that fall beyond termination for convenience clauses, both of which are common in most of our government business.
Turning to margin and expense. Adjusted gross margin, which excludes stock-based compensation expense, was 82% for the quarter. Adjusted income from operations, which excludes stock-based compensation expense, and related employer payroll taxes was $391 million, representing adjusted operating margin of 44%. Q1 adjusted expense was $493 million, up 8% sequentially and 21% year-over-year, primarily driven by our continued investment in AIP and technical hiring. We continue to expect to see a more significant increase in expense in 2025 as we invest in the most elite technical talent, the product pipeline and AI production use cases, all delivering on our goals of sustained GAAP profitability.
First quarter GAAP operating income was $176 million, representing a 20% margin. First quarter GAAP net income was $214 million, representing a 24% margin. First quarter stock-based compensation expense was $155 million and employee-related equity tax expense was $59 million. First quarter GAAP earnings per share was $0.08. First quarter adjusted earnings per share was $0.13. Additionally, our combined revenue growth and adjusted operating margin accelerated to 83% in the first quarter, a 2-point increase to our Rule of 40 score from the prior quarter on our 7th consecutive quarter of an expanding Rule of 40 score. With the increase in our 2025 revenue and adjusted operating income guidance, we are now guiding to a Rule of 40 score of 80 for the full year.
Turning to our cash flow. In the first quarter, we generated $310 million in cash from operations and $370 million in adjusted free cash flow, representing margins of 35% and 42%, respectively. Through the end of the first quarter, we repurchased approximately 2.3 million shares as part of our share repurchase program. As of the end of the quarter, we have $918 million remaining of the original authorization. We ended the quarter with $5.4 billion in cash, cash equivalents and short-term U.S. Treasury securities.
Now turning to our outlook. For Q2 2025, we expect revenue of between $934 million and $938 million, adjusted income from operations of between $401 million and $405 million. For full year 2025, we are raising our revenue guidance to between $3.89 billion and $3.902 billion, we are raising our U.S. commercial revenue guidance to an excess of $1.178 billion, representing a growth rate of at least 68%. We are raising our adjusted income from operations guidance to between $1.711 billion and $1.723 billion. We're raising our adjusted free cash flow guidance to between $1.6 billion and $1.8 billion, and we continue to expect GAAP operating income and net income in each quarter of this year. With that, I'll turn it over to Alex for a few remarks, and then Ana will kick off the Q&A.
Welcome to our earnings adventure. Palantir is on fire. We -- there's been a lot of discussions basically how we should talk about these numbers and people admonishing me to be a little more modest. And we'll try. It's the reality of what's going on is that this is an unvarnished concafeny of of the combination of 20 years of investment and a massive cultural shift in the U.S. which is generating numbers, again, 71% growth in U.S. commercial, 71%. We had journalists this morning that were asking me if it's a 7 handle, a 71% growth, we had 45% growth in our U.S. government business. Every 3 days, you read a headline about how our commercial business would be in danger because of pressure -- necessary pressure put on the system to root out fraud waste and abuse and to pentest systems to see if they create more value or much more value or less value or no value in the U.S. government. We are seeing rapid expansion and very significant demand for Maven, both in America and outside of America as all part of our core mission to provide an unfair advantage to the Noble warriors of the West.
We see an increased recognition that large language models were commodities that the value of these commodities becomes only realizable in the context of our Ontology on top of foundry. As has been mentioned, the reindustrialization of America is happening in our software, the ability to reimagine your business in a volatile situation happens in our software. If you take the 90% of our business that is outside of Europe, which is going through a very structural change and doesn't quite get AI. Maybe in the near future, we'll get AI, we are hoping and praying, that part of our business grew 49%, 49%. And we're doing this at a very significant scale. So we're saying we're going to do close to $4 billion in revenue.
And last, not least, we're doing this with double the gold standard on the rule of 40. The Rule of 40 is a very important standard because it shows you the quality of your revenue and because it's hard to attain, especially if you have a rule of 83. And one of the things that Palantir is doing is we want to bring our friends and our allies along with us on this winning ride. Those friends are largely in America, but also among allied countries. Those friends are inside Palantir, outside Palantir. And we are using Ontology and AI, or AIP, to drive these successes. And I would say, while profitability is apparently unpopular, the numbers are driven by the fact that we are downstream from value creation.
There's a consensus in the market that Palantir owns value creation. And what does that actually mean? It means that when you use our software, when you use you will get demonstrably more value than what you're paying for, and you will share some of that value with us. And then I would say also, culturally, we just don't see the resistance to the way we roll that we did in the past. We would show up in the past the freak show trying to get things to work not with the wrong access to the wrong people at the wrong time. And that was by intent. And people were very uncomfortable at all levels of the enterprise working with us. And without going into specific names, because these companies, in many cases, are in the middle of transforming itself, but it -- I'm on the front line with everyone here, and it used to be 2 years ago that we might get a CEO, he might get a CIO, we might get someone to Marketing. We might get someone who's willing to rebuild the business, but they had no power.
Now we have the full stack engaged with us, inside government, outside government on the most critical issues. And if you -- again, if you look at the math in terms of where the action is, our business is growing 49% ex Continental Europe, 49%, Rule of 83. We were the freak show. And we spent 20 years for this moment and we planned to have [indiscernible] to the grindstone, focused on taking the best talent inside Palantir managing them, the best clients and make sure our clients and our partners especially in national security, but also with a pretty significant focus on the U.S. win in the way we're winning and that's why you get these results. And we're going to just focus and focus and focus and focus on execution. And that's basically our plan for the rest of the year and into next year. And we're very, very optimistic about what's going on. And with that, we can kick it off to questions.
Thanks, Alex. We'll now turn to a few questions from our shareholders before opening up the call. Our first question is from Gabriel who asks, how does Palantir plan to sustain its competitive advantage in AI, particularly in light of growing competition?
Thanks, Gabriel. Well, our advantage comes down to Ontology. It's really an advantage on the AI demand side. And that has positioned AIP to be the platform that is able to capture the ever-expanding capability of the raw LLM and turn that into business value. AIP is that tool factory and the point of control for the orchestration with these models and those tools. You can see this in the sharp opinionation that we've earned in the field with our customers and how to get to value in days or weeks. And most critically, you can see it in the insight that we have that to practically transform the enterprise. You actually need mixed human AI teams, and that is something that AIP is uniquely positioned for.
Thank you, Shyam. We also received a few questions on this topic. How will the current U.S. administration's focus on reducing federal spend as well as the February announcement of U.S. Department of Defense budget cuts impact current contracts as well as future contract acquisition.
Well, the first thing I'd say is like this is the right thing for the country. Like we have way too much spend on things that do not work. The government has started to resemble a finally marbled wagyu. The fake projects that do not deliver and will never deliver crowd out and suffocate the things that could actually be excellent. And so we welcome those. I mean, to me, these guys are heroes. They are world-class technologists that could be choosing to do anything and instead, they are choosing to do this. And we believe deeply in the actual value that our software is creating both on an absolute basis and on a relative basis to the traditional labor-based cost plus model that has failed to deliver for the American people.
We often get variance of if the institutions are in pressure, either we go through a difficult time in America or there's dose, how will that affect your software sales basically? And Palantir does exceptionally well when things are pentested. We like pressure on the system. We need pressure on the system. And then why is it better for America? Because that pentesting forces you to ask questions like does the software work? How does it work? How does it manage ethical concerns? How does it manage data protection? How does it manage output.
Without pressure on the system, one of the miss is that if you don't have pressure on the system, you just spend money, you somehow get a better system, both in terms of output, in terms of ethics. But actually, you get neither and so in reality, we need pressure on the system. We need people to have to change. We need people to have to transform. This is why they put up with us. And once they see those results, they stick with us.
Thank you both. Our next question is from Dan with Wedbush.
Another amazing quarter. I mean just -- so my question is, given what we're seeing in the government, isn't that another opportunity where you could actually gain more share of budgets as you go to more meritocracy, like Palantir should actually gain more dollars within the budget of DoD and other agencies.
We're very optimistic about what we're going to do in the U.S. But the devil's in the details. And we're running this business for you with you as owners which means it's like there's going to be maybe lumpiness, but we predict we're going to do very, very well. Any -- basically, where you have pressure testing, you can assume AIP, AI, foundry, Ontology, Apollo and the Palantir culture itself. I mean we are a warrior culture. Like that's why our whole culture is built around putting the exact right team and the exact right product at the final mile. And so where you have environments that are crucial and under pressure, you can expect and where meritocracy happens. It's like we need meritocracy. How do you get meritocracy. Well, there's lots of ways to get meritocracy. One way is because you're scared. And then you buy the best product, you install the price product. And then the part that's anti-correlated different than people think is you also get the best ethics, the best execution and that, of course, and then you can ask a simple question.
Why is this a move? okay? Well, I can tell you why it to move? Because here before, no one gets gotten -- no one has gotten into these environments at scale under any circumstance. And if they did get in, they got in with services. So now we have a single purpose highly formed stack of software that is exactly right for this moment with a culture that's exactly right to implement it, which a culture that can teach people how to do this. That is now charismatic for some. It's anticrismatic for others. And that de facto is a compounding rate of return on that stack and to Shyam's opinion. Shyam's with the opinionation we have about how to do this.
It essentially allows you to express your tribal knowledge of your enterprise in a way you could never do it before on the terms of your enterprise with unit economics that are heretofore impossible to do. And that's what's happening in this country and really in 90% of our market, which explains like the 49% growth and the Rule of 83 despite what would be viewed on the outside is large and aptitudes in sales and go-to-market and how do we interact with people and our opinionation both on the outside, on the inside and with the frontline customer, which is like we're not agnostic to using our software as shelfwear. We are not in the shelfwear business, which is another reason why pressure in the government really helps us. We've never done shelfware. We don't do shelfware. We don't think our personality can afford shelfware.
Our next question is from Mariana with Bank of America.
So I have two questions. First one is on the European Defense buildup. You mentioned Warp Speed and how that has been successful here? Like are you interested in applying that as these European countries build up their own defenses and catch up on industrial capabilities that have been underinvested for like many, many years.
And the second one is, I think investors are pretty familiar with this like software versus services type of like Palantir approach because you have been like actually leaders on that trend. But Titan is a great example on how like Sofar actually played a role that was more intuitively hard work where else you actually have opportunities for software to add value there? Like is it Golden dome, is space communications, like have you think about that?
Yes. On the first one, Alex may have more to say as well. But we would love to help Europe on the manufacturing challenges around rearmament and I think there are a lot of them to do. the precondition for Warp Speed is understanding that the existing manufacturing stack is broken. And so you could say, why did America get there first because you have all these people who are essentially the progeny of Elon who have learned and understood how to actually make things, the sort of brains that go from the Raptor 1 to the Raptor 3 engine, and that's proliferated around the community that's in El Segundo and even beyond. That's like the basis of reindustrialization in America.
And so it's -- when we work with the new defense champions, new industrial champions like it's a very short sales cycle because they recognize like that what we're doing with Warp Speed is exactly what they need in order to do it. When you work with some of the older manufacturing customers even in the U.S., it's heterogeneous. Some of them are already there. They get it. They realize it. Some of them are going to be there because it's just a reality. In Europe, there are some green shoots, like some very well-known manufacturing companies have kind of said like, "Oh, I now understand that my ERP thing doesn't work and Warp Speed -- maybe we should get a Warp Speed." So I just don't want to commit to them. I think a lot of it is where is the customer's head at, but we could obviously do a lot to help you.
Europe doesn't get AI yet -- it at some point in the future, it will. And then as you know, Europe is not Europe. You have Eastern Europe, you have Germany, France, you have -- they're very different Europes. Europe that is scared understands that you're going to have to do software, hardware hybrid systems. And our products are very, very well known and differentiated. It could take a couple of years for Europe to understand that you just can't spend money. You're going to have to spend it on things that actually work and work means spending it on people that have actually done this on the battlefield. I would say -- our plan is to continue to be roughly in the zone where 90% of our business is growing like it is now at 49% with this rule of 83. And somewhere in that range, we guided rule of 80. And that's going to be primarily driven by the U.S. I would say is an unknown variable. We're seeing very significant demand for our software, our government software around the world outside of Europe. And those are early days, but the demand -- the signal there is very strong.
And then on the Titan point, I think that's an excellent point, and it's going to be a big part of the future where you're really thinking about how do you build your hardware around the software. There are some classified projects that we have as well, where the first step to building the hardware is not to build the hardware it's actually to build the mission payload and the software that can execute the thing and then work backwards from that to figure out what is the hardware that you ought to have around that. And this plays to this -- like it is actually a cultural impedance mismatch.
Like if you're a hardware company, you think about the world the way that a construction person would think about building the house. You have to pour the foundation first, you can't do anything. But actually with software, you have to build the kitchen first. If you don't, you're going to get it all wrong. And so there's -- I've seen a lot more of the next-gen programs are starting to think about how do we build the lethal software first, and we'll figure out how to [indiscernible] the hardware program.
One of the most interesting things about the current environment we're in is something Shyam is alluding to, which is -- and again, it's a European versus America. People assume if you're a world-class of hardware, you'll be world class of software and they're interchangeable. It's just not true at all. And like the skills and the taste you need to do software is a completely different thing. And America's unique advantage is hybrid software, hardware, software. And any program that's trying to outpace and beat our adversaries at should it basically is going to have to begin with a software first or software hardware, hybrid program because otherwise, we're at a disadvantage. And also the the resourcing and the way you organize is going to be suboptimal in this country. Conversely, this is one of the challenges that some of our allies and our adversaries have. The role of taste in getting these things to work, tribal knowledge and ability to do it is really, really underestimated.
Thank you. Alex, as always, we have a lot of individual investors on the line. Is there anything you'd like to say before you wrap the call
This company is organized around giving our friends a really strong shot, I would say, unfair advantage and not helping our adversaries or enemies and on occasion hurting them. And a lot of you are scattered around the world and helping us in many ways. And we are in a phase where we are very focused on scaling our company and we really appreciate your support. And the fact that you defend us, our support of Western values is often under attack for somewhat idiotic reasons, our belief that meritocracy will lead us to a better place. That competence is better than incompetence that confidence includes ethics and the results. The fruits of those labors are here today, but they -- none of that would have been possible without your support. So thank you.
Thank you. That concludes Q&A for today's call.