Ziprecruiter Inc
NYSE:ZIP
Earnings Call Analysis
Q3-2023 Analysis
Ziprecruiter Inc
During a period of general economic softness, ZipRecruiter showcased the durability of its business model, with third-quarter financials revealing an all-time high adjusted EBITDA of $54 million and an adjusted EBITDA margin of 35%, surpassing the high end of their guidance despite top-line weakening.
The company has navigated through a turbulent hiring market, where a hike in interest rates by 525 basis points over 18 months intensified employer caution in hiring, leading to a tougher operating environment. Nevertheless, ZipRecruiter sustained revenue growth of 38% from Q3 of 2019 to Q3 of 2023, with a dramatic adjustment EBITDA margin expansion from 2% to 35% during that period.
ZipRecruiter is focused on increasing the number of employees and revenue per paid employer. They continue to enhance the platform's value and functionality for its users, with specific emphasis on large enterprise customers as a key growth area. Product improvements and a campaign optimization solution launched earlier this year are aiding in customer migration to the platform.
The company has improved its AI and machine learning-driven resume parsing capabilities, leading to more accurate matches between job listings and potential candidates. These advancements not only improve the candidate experience but also enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of features like 'Invite to Apply'.
ZipRecruiter experienced a 31% year-over-year decline in revenue, landing at $155.6 million in Q3 '23, mainly due to reduced hiring activity. Despite this, there was a notable increase in net income and a margin expansion compared to the previous year. Looking ahead, the company provided Q4 '23 revenue guidance of approximately $128 million and an adjusted EBITDA guidance of $34 million at the midpoint, signaling an expected adjusted EBITDA margin increase of 5 to 7 percentage points year-over-year.
The increasing influx of organic job seekers suggests that ZipRecruiter's market positioning remains strong, even as businesses express uncertainty and delay hiring decisions. The company's cash-positive status enables continued investment in acquisitions and share repurchases. Moreover, Q4 traditionally sees a decrease in paid employers, especially among small and medium-sized businesses, while revenue per paid employer often increases due to a shift in the mix toward larger enterprise customers.
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Thank you for standing by. My name is Aaron, and I will be your conference operator for today. At this time, I'd like to welcome everyone to the ZipRecruiter Q3 2023 Earnings Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to turn our call over to Drew Haroldson with Investor Relations. Drew, please go ahead.
Thank you, operator, and good afternoon. Thank you for joining us in our earnings conference call during which we will discuss ZipRecruiter performance for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, and guidance for the fourth quarter of 2023. Joining me today on the call are Ian Siegel, Co-Founder and CEO; David Travers, President; and Tim Yarbrough, CFO. Before we begin, please be reminded that forward-looking statements made today are subject to risks and uncertainties relating to future events and/or the future financial performance of ZipRecruiter. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. A discussion of some of the risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements can be found on ZipRecruiter's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, which will be available on our investor website and the SEC's website.
The forward-looking statements in this conference call are based on the current expectations as of today, and ZipRecruiter assumes no obligation to update or revise them, whether as a result of new developments or otherwise. In addition, during today's call, we will discuss non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to a substitute for or in isolation from GAAP results. Reconciliations of the non-GAAP metrics to the nearest GAAP metrics are included in the ZipRecruiter shareholder letter and in our Form 10-Q. And now I will turn the call over to Ian.
Thank you, Drew. Good afternoon to everyone joining us today. Before we get started, I wanted to say a few words about ZipRecruiter's Tel Aviv employees. As the conflict in Israel and Gaza unfolds, our number one priority has been the health and safety of our people. While all Tel Aviv-based employees have been impacted to some degree. Unfortunately, some of them have been directly impacted. Our hearts go out to them for their losses and the conditions under which they must now operate. I have watched with pride and gratitude as ZipRecruiter team members around the globe have proactively taken on extra responsibilities so that our Israeli employees can prioritize taking care of their families. The well-being of our fellow team members will remain top of mind as we hope for peace and security in the region. Turning to our results. Third quarter financials further demonstrate ZipRecruiter's resilience and durability as macroeconomic conditions soften. Adjusted EBITDA of $54 million and adjusted EBITDA margin of 35% exceeded the high point of our guidance. Notably, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin were all-time highs despite a weakening top line. ZipRecruiter has a resilient business model that has allowed us to weather the industry-wide hiring slowdown and maintain strong adjusted EBITDA profitability while still investing for the long term. The dramatic change in the hiring market has impacted ZipRecruiter's business along with other off-line and online hiring-related businesses in the United States. Despite some positive economic news, such as real GDP growth of 4.9% in Q3 of '23 and unemployment of 3.8% in September of 2023, these data points only show part of the complicated picture that is the U.S. labor economy. The Federal Reserve's 525 basis point increase in interest rates over the past 18 months has increased the cost of capital for businesses, leading to employers taking a far more cautious approach to hiring than just a few quarters to grow.
This increased caution manifest itself in both the number of job openings and the urgency with which those openings need to be filled. As a result, job seekers are taking longer to find work and those currently employed are changing jobs with less frequency. The great resignation is over with quick rates returning to pre-COVID levels. This rapid change in the hiring market has impacted ZipRecruiter's business, along with other off-line and online hiring-related businesses in the United States. Over any short-term period, the cyclical nature of the U.S. labor market will create a dynamic operating environment for us to navigate, the flexibility and profitability of our business model have allowed us to weather this protracted downturn while continuing to invest in product innovation, technological advancement and increasing awareness of our already famous recruiting brand. While the total number of people employed in the United States from Q3 of 2019 to Q3 2023 has increased by approximately 3%. ZipRecruiter's revenue has increased by 38% and adjusted EBITDA margin has expanded from 2% to 35%. We believe the opportunity in front of us to continue to capture more market share through continuous product innovation and technological advancement is bigger than it has ever been. Now I'll turn it over to Dave to talk through some of our progress against the 3 pillars of our marketplace strategy.
Thank you, and good afternoon. We continue to make advancements on our 3 growth strategies in Q3 of '23. We believe we are still in the early stages of using smart matching technology to transform our employers and job seekers come together. Our first strategic pillar is increasing the number of employees and revenue per paid employer in our marketplace. Growing revenue from large enterprise customers remains a priority and a significant long-term opportunity. And we continue to make incremental product improvements to enhance the value of the ZipRecruiter platform and meet our customers' needs. We continue to finance and further deploy our campaign optimization solution we deployed in the first quarter. The solution is showing consistent improvements in hitting campaign targets and more customers continue to migrate onto the platform. In Q3, campaigns using our solution were 40% more likely to achieve their targets than those that were mainly managed. We also continue to make improvements that focus on eliminating friction in the hiring process. Our invite to apply features shifted the dynamics of the hiring process by enabling employers to take the initial step of reaching out to potential candidates to further enhance the effectiveness of invite to apply for employers we have started sending text messages to eligible candidates when employers believe they would be a great fit. Moving on to our second pillar, increasing the numbers of job seekers in our marketplace. Labor market downturns present an opportunity to build the job seeker side of the marketplace. We believe serving more job seekers many of whom are using ZipRecruiter for the first time, will build brand loyalty that will continue to endure for years to come. We continue to see increased activity from job seekers, not only due to ease in labor market conditions, but also from our investments in Jobseeker brand awareness and search optimization. In Q3, organic visits from job seekers grew 46% year-over-year, making this our third consecutive quarter with 40% plus year-over-year growth. Whether it is a job seeker who is using the ZipRecruiter for the first time or someone who has used it in the past, our products such as our AI-driven career adviser named Phil, have never been better equipped to assist them in the job search process. In Q3, we rolled out several features to help job seekers see more company details when searching for jobs. We introduced competent pages, a single one-stop shop where job seekers can see company-specific information such as company description, salaries, open job postings and more. We also further contextualize jobs by adding more company information to aid discovery for applicants, such industry and company side. We also continue to make product improvements so that key job information is easily viewable to job seekers, understanding benefits packages such as health insurance, paid time off or retirement benefits, emerged among the most important considerations when a job seeker decides which opportunities to apply to. In Q3, we started parsing jobs for benefits and presenting them on job listings, making them easier to reveal. This helps save job seekers time when deciding which jobs may be a good fit. I'll conclude with our third pillar, making our matching technology smarter over time. Machine learning and AI has been a central focus of our technology efforts for many years. Our specialized AI-powered matching algorithms get smarter over time by learning from the observed behavior across billions of interactions between job seekers and employers in our marketplace. We believe our vast and proprietary data set gives us a distinct advantage as we make the hiring process more efficient and provide better experiences to both employers and job seekers. In Q3, ZipRecruiter improved its resume parsing capabilities to further advance our algorithms, leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques and our proprietary data from directly observing job seekers employer behavior, our improvements have led to better accuracy in extracting information for millions of residents to match job features to employers. Improvements to our resume parsing will -- enhance the quality of candidate previews and products like Invite to Apply. Now I'll turn it over to Tim to talk through the financial results and our guidance. Tim?
Thank you, Dave, and good afternoon, everyone. Our third quarter revenue of $155.6 million represents a 31% decline year-over-year and is reflective of a continued docked hiring environment. Quarterly paid employers were 90,000, representing a 34% decrease versus Q3 '22 and a 12% decrease versus Q2 '23. This is primarily reflective of weakness amongst small- and medium-sized businesses which make a vast majority of our paid employers. Revenue per paid employer was $1,736, an increase of 4% both year-over-year and sequentially. The increase quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year is consistent with our long-term cohort trends where employers willingness to pay increases as our product continues to improve. Net income was $24.1 million in Q3 '23 compared to $20.6 million in Q3 '22 and $14.4 million in Q2 '23. Q3 '23 adjusted EBITDA was $54.4 million, equating to a margin of 35% compared to $51.7 million, a margin of 23% in the prior year period at $43.3 million with a margin of 25% in Q2 '23. Net income and adjusted EBITDA both grew year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter, driven by a larger reduction in operating expenses, both personnel and marketing related. Q3 '23 adjusted EBITDA of $54.4 million and adjusted EBITDA margin of 35% were both the highest in our company's history, showcasing the financial strength of our business model. Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities was $497 million as of September 30, 2023, compared to $497.2 million as of June 30, 2023. Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities remain stable quarter-over-quarter as cash used for repurchases of Class A common stock under our share repurchase program was largely offset by cash provided from operating activities. In Q3 '23, we repurchased 1.9 million shares totaling $28.2 million. Given our long-term growth outlook, our capital allocation strategy prioritizes organic growth investments in M&A over returning capital to shareholders. However, given the strength of our balance sheet and our free cash flow, we continue to opportunistically repurchase shares when we believe there's an attractive ROI and potential dislocations in the stock price. Moving on to guidance. Our Q4 '23 revenue guidance of $128 million at the midpoint represents a 39% decline year-over-year. The softness in hiring patterns has not yet abated, and we are heading into a season soft Q4. Our adjusted EBITDA guidance is $34 million at the midpoint or 27% adjusted EBITDA margin. This guidance implies an adjusted EBITDA margin of approximately 25% to 27% for the full year 2023 and an increase of 5 to 7 percentage points year-over-year and compares favorably to the low to mid-20% range provided in August. We continue to demonstrate financial discipline and conserve capital during this unprecedented slowdown while also continuing to invest in technology drivers of our long-term growth. Navigating the ups and downs of the labor market is the reality of the industry. And as a result, we built a flexible business model structured to respond to a variety of market conditions. We are focused on what we can control, approaching all cycles with the same ROI-focused orientation, nimble mindset and speed to action. While the current environment calls for cost optimization, we continue to press our technology advantage, positioning ZipRecruiter well for growth in the economic cycles to come. With that, we can now open up the line for questions. Operator?
[Operator Instructions] And our first question is from the line of Trevor Young with Barclays.
Great. I guess first one, can you guys talk about the cadence of revenue growth throughout the quarter? There's obviously a little bit of a B versus guide. So that implies August or September a little bit better than expected. And how have things trended so far in October and November, obviously implying some worsening in trends there. And then second question on the campaign optimization solution, some encouraging data points on that. Is that now widely available to all enterprise customers and just any stats on how many enterprise customers or how much of enterprise spend is going through that managed solution would be helpful.
Yes. Thanks, Trevor, this is Tim. On revenue trends for Q3 what we're seeing so far. So Q3 follow the same kind of trends that we suggested when we issued guidance with month 1 being what it was at the time. The revenue trended roughly in line to a little bit down towards the end of the quarter. Despite that, we came up within a couple of million dollars better than our guidance overall. As far as what we're seeing so far, the guide that we're showing right now kind of reflects current conditions. Basically, we have not seen any kind of return to normal seasonality that we've seen in the past. Hence, the sequential decline, that would be a little bit steeper than what we've seen in previous Q4s, but generally in line with what we're seeing right now.
Thanks, Trevor. And then yes, on the campaign optimization, yes, so it's not relevant to the vast majority of our customers who are small businesses, but to larger sophisticated enterprises it is largely available and really depends on our ability to agree with them on a set of goals for the campaign that we can then drive toward and different employers have different goals, whether they're metrics like cost per click or cost per hire or things like that or a number of hires they're looking for.
So that's really critical in understanding so we can get that solution up and running. But the results there early on, as we spoke to, are extremely promising and increasing number of employers are hitting their goals, and we expect to that and that optimization to continue to improve as it rolls out to more and more customers.
Okay. Great. Our next question is from the line of Ralph Schackart with William Blair.
Two, if I could. First, just sort of -- obviously, it's a tough cycle in the market environment right now, but philosophically, on margins, is there a certain level that you would look to optimize the business as we sort of wait through the cycle to return back to some growth phase. And then maybe just as a side, during this cycle also, you're obviously getting a lot of job seekers, maybe speak to when the cycle does turn, what that does for the platform, as people are introduced to the brand and you're acquiring more job seekers on the demand side.
Ralph, this is Tim. Thanks for the question. On the margin philosophy. So we approach all of our go-to-market decisions from the bottom up. So we don't have a target margin that we're looking at, at any point within the cycle. Q3 was very strong at 35%, and that's a function of the investment opportunities that we saw within the period. Q4 very well look different, especially based on our guidance. But as the EBITDA margins could come up or down based on what we see in our response to it, we still are very confident in our long-term adjusted EBITDA margins of 30% as the company continues to grow in scale.
Yes, this is Ian. And I am really excited about the growth in job seekers. We just had our third consecutive quarter of organic job seeker growth. And the reality is, it isn't the work that we have done in the current quarter that drives that growth. It's all the work that we have been doing over the last couple of years, which is now paying dividends in the midterm and the long term, and similar to that, over this past year where the macro has driven a swoon in the recruiting industry, we have continued to invest for the mid and long term. And I would anticipate that these investments will pay off similar to the investments that we made in building job seeker brand awareness to 80% on an aided basis, as well as things like Phil, our AI personal assistant as well as our ongoing investment in things like our #1 rated iOS and Android mobile app. The payoff for these investments, and in particular, from job seekers is fundamentally, our product gets better, the larger and more liquid our marketplace becomes and so as far as the long term, what we're seeing right now is a validation of the strategy we've been pursuing, and we remain focused on our long-term product road map.
Our next question comes from the line of Doug Anmuth with JPMorgan.
Great. This is Dae on for Doug. So the first one, curious what kind of the messaging you guys are hearing from businesses in terms of plans going into 2024. And looking at, it sounds like Fed rate easing is what's needed for employers to get more confidence in getting their hiring plans up and growing again is that the right way to think about it? And are there any other signs that you might be looking for to get more confidence?
Thanks, Dae. Yes. So obviously, we talk to businesses all the time about their hiring needs and what is so clear at this time is that their level of uncertainty about the outlook is profound. And so what we hear from them over and over again, which is different in other downturns like COVID, for example, where we heard about their businesses falling dramatically is less about dramatic downturns in their business and more about their uncertainty in wanting to invest for the long term in more and more people. Even though in many cases, the results of their businesses deserve it, they're reading headlines. They're talking to other business people and feeling uncertain. And so it's that -- whether it's through the mechanism of cost of capital from the Fed or other animal spirits that cause an increased level of confidence from headlines and talking to other business people, whatever the case may be that increased confidence in duration of outlook and strength that we're through whatever the next twist and turn of this unprecedented macro cycle is, is what employers are waiting to hear more of. The good news is, to Ian's point earlier, we have more organic job seekers coming in every single quarter who are experiencing what an amazing product ZipRecruiter is, either for the first time or a better product than when they last needed it a couple of years ago as we continue to relentlessly improve it, make it more human, make the technology smarter and so we're confident that as we continue to deliver better and better for these employers, by delivering better and better for job seekers that when the market turns, and that's not if, it's when, when the market turns as it has over and over again throughout many macro cycles in U.S. history, it's a very safe bet that we will be there for them bigger and better than ever.
And I would just add to that, in addition to sort of capital markets availability of funds for investment and/or perceived outlook on the market. Another factor that drives a lot of recruiting within businesses is, of course, turnover. And what we're seeing right now is a significant reduction in the quit rate amongst job -- sorry, the currently employed compared to where we were a year ago. We sense that great resignation is over and it's become not only a parent, but I think it's changing the posture and confidence of business owners as they have longer tenured employees who are fully on ramped and trained, and so their urgency around hires is definitely being impacted by that.
[Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from the line of Kunal Madhukar with UBS.
This is Jason on for Kunal from UBS. A couple of questions from me as well. The first 1 is on OpEx seasonality. Can you guys give us a refresher on the typical seasonality of different OpEx line items. It's been pretty lumpy, but what kind of seasonality can we expect going forward in this environment? And also you mentioned in the letter that Q3 R&D expense came in a lot lower because of lower personnel-related charges.
Could you please explain what that really means? And separately, on capital return, you guys have been running cash level pretty consistently at $250 million. I understand that share repo is done more opportunistically. But given the current stock levels, would it be reasonable to assume that anything well above $250 cash right now, you guys will be returning back to investors.
Thanks, Jason. This is Tim. I'll take these. So as far as OpEx seasonality one thing I'll say of the bad is that it's been a while since we've seen more typical seasonality. So we have to have to go back to 2019 and before that to kind of understand that picture. But in broad strokes, the hiring market really comes back to life after a holiday lull in January and then a fairly steady ramp into Q2 and then relatively flat through the balance of Q3, picking up into September, October and then back down during the holidays. And oftentimes, the very flexible operating expenses that we have, specifically in our go-to-market motion and sales and marketing, that will kind of follow a very similar pattern. And that's just basically because we're very responsive to the demand environment that we find ourselves. But like I said, at the top of the question, we haven't seen that typical seasonality for quite a while. And so, no operating expenses have bumped around a little bit, and that is because we are doing the very thing. So we're responding to the demand environment that we see. To your second question, R&D expense is coming down a little bit. We did a reduction first back in Q2. And so what you're seeing in Q3 is the full impact of that rolling through the P&L. And so you see something similar as well in G&A, although to a lesser extent, to some other interest -- other expenses increasing -- and then sales and marketing came down primarily again because of our marketing efforts to invest where we see opportunities.
And then to your last question, about our capital allocation strategy in general, our philosophy hasn't changed during all parts of the cycle. So when we look at organic investments, that is, by far and away, our first priority, and we still feel very good. We're cash flow positive. So clearly, we're well funded there. Secondly, we are scurrying the world for interesting acquisition targets. So we're staying diligent there. And then to your point, on capital returns, we've been actively repurchasing shares over the years. And so we -- the positive there is the same when we see a dislocation in the stock price. We're happy to invest in our own shares, and we approach that with the same mindset as we do with organic investments, i.e. with a longer-term mindset spanning years. So I'll just say we're still participating in share repurchases but we do it opportunistically with priority being on organic investments and inorganic investments.
Our next question comes from the line of Justin Patterson with KeyBanc Capital Markets.
Great. This is Jacob on for Justin. How are you thinking about the dynamics between paid employers and revenue paid employer into 4Q? Is there anything specific you're seeing so far that would cause 4Q to deviate from typical seasonality in revenue per paid employer and paid employers, how should we approach the pace of tech of the clients to lap the big decline you saw in 4Q '22?
Thanks, Jacob. This is Tim again. So for Q4, what we would typically see is paid employers ticked down more materially than in other quarters. And that is due to the fact that the vast majority of our paid employers are comprised of small and medium-sized businesses, and they tend to hire quite a bit less as they go into the holiday season, whereas larger enterprise employers, they also reduce spending a little bit typically, but not nearly to the same degree. And so that also means that revenue per paid employer going into Q4 will typically go up, and a lot of that is largely due to the mix shift from SMBs towards enterprise during that period.
So I've said to an earlier question that we've not seen typical seasonality for a while, but that trend for paid employers sequentially came down in Q4 with revenue per paid employer ticking up in Q4 for those very reasons seems like a pretty reasonable expectation this time around.
We have a follow-up question from the line of Trevor Young with Barclays.
Just more bigger picture away from the near-term trends. You flagged the significant growth in job seekers, any color you can share on where those job seekers are engaging in terms of which services? Is it mobile app, mobile web or desktop, any noticeable differentiation between like frequency of visits, time spent in the app or on the website, likelihood of applying across those different surfaces. Just curious on that.
Yes. Thanks, Trevor. The growth in jobs -- organic job seekers is obviously a very exciting part of our business and such a strong long-term indicator of the strength of the market. So to your question on where they're intervening, First of all, obviously, when they join, they have to onboard and sort of build a profile and give us something to go on so we can start matching the right jobs. And right away, Phil plays a central role. So they're in a dialogue rather than filling out a form and making that process as we continue to iterate and get smarter and better, continuing to make that process of getting the process started, which is often the most difficult part of the process for job seekers and the scariest of making that as easy and as human and as natural as possible. And so we just keep getting better at that. Two is that the brand being so much more well known so they're going from over a decade 0% brand awareness to over 80% brand awareness. Job speakers are leaning in from the moment they get started and have a level of trust coming in that you can just see. In terms of where they do it, job seeking is a mobile activity. Desktop really isn't a major factor. So as both mobile web and mobile app in terms of sort of access points into our marketplace.
But regardless of how you come and find us on which mobile platform, which App Store, which browser you're using, et cetera, the fundamental experience of feeling like there's a real human being rooting you on in the form of Phil and that this is a real place where you get very quick feedback where you immediately started getting invited to apply to jobs that are a great fit for you, et cetera. That's what's really working for us.
Ladies and gentlemen, that will conclude today's ZipRecruiter Q3 2023 Earnings Call. Thank you for joining. You may now all disconnect. Have a great evening.